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Developmental Trajectories of Religious Service Attendance: Predictors of Nicotine Dependence and Alcohol Dependence/Abuse in Early Midlife

Zhang, Chenshu; Brook, Judith S; Leukefeld, Carl G; Brook, David W
This longitudinal study assesses the associations between developmental trajectories of religious service attendance from mean age 14 to mean age 43 and nicotine dependence and alcohol dependence/abuse at mean age 43 (N = 548). Six trajectories of religious service attendance were identified. As compared with belonging to weekly stable trajectory group, a higher probability of belonging to the weekly/none decreasing, occasional stable, and non-attendance trajectory group was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of nicotine dependence. In addition, as compared with belonging to weekly stable trajectory group, a higher probability of belonging to the weekly/none decreasing, weekly/occasional decreasing, occasional stable, and non-attendance trajectory group was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of alcohol dependence/abuse. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that religious service attendance protects against nicotine dependence and alcohol dependence/abuse in early midlife.
PMID: 30879207
ISSN: 1573-6571
CID: 3734752

Adolescent risk and protective factors predicting triple trajectories of substance use from adolescence into adulthood

Lee, Jung Yeon; Kim, Wonkuk; Brook, Judith S; Finch, Stephen J; Brook, David W
Objectives/UNASSIGNED:Since the number of individuals who use substances in the United States has markedly increased every year, substance use is a significant public health concern. The current study examines the possible risk and protective factors associated with triple comorbid trajectories of longitudinal alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use from age 14 to 36. Methods/UNASSIGNED:A community sample of 674 participants (53% African Americans and 47% Puerto Ricans; 60% females) were recruited from the Harlem Longitudinal Development Study. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between the risk (low self-control, peer drug use) and protective (parent-child attachment, family church attendance) factors at age 14 and membership in the triple trajectory groups derived from a multivariate growth mixture model. Results/UNASSIGNED:Low self-control and peer drug use were associated with an increased likelihood of being a member in the triple comorbid trajectory groups compared to the reference group (i.e., low alcohol, no tobacco, and no cannabis use). On the other hand, parent-child attachment and family church attendance were associated with a decreased likelihood of being a member in the triple comorbid trajectory groups compared to the reference group. Conclusions/UNASSIGNED:Treatment programs for adolescents who use substances may be more helpful if their parents and/or friends could also participate together with the adolescent, rather than only the adolescent participates in the treatment programs. Further research is needed to gain a greater understanding of the conceptual nature of the relationship between earlier risk and protective factors and later substance use patterns.
PMCID:7731617
PMID: 33311966
ISSN: 1062-1024
CID: 4712482

Longitudinal Smoking Patterns: Do They Predict Symptoms of ADHD in Adults?

Brook, Judith S; Balka, Elinor B; Zhang, Chenshu; Brook, David W
OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to assess whether comparisons of longitudinal smoking trajectories predict differences in symptoms of ADHD in adults. METHOD/METHODS:Participants were interviewed 7 times between 14 and 43 years of age. ADHD symptoms at outcome were assessed with the World Health Organization ADHD Self-Report Scale. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses assessed the associations between the trajectories of smoking and ADHD symptoms. RESULTS:= .12) indicated that compared with being nonsmokers, the probability of being in the heavy/continuous group (standardized regression coefficient [SRC] = .17, p < .01) and in the late starter group (SRC = .11, p < .05) were significantly associated with adult ADHD symptoms. CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:Longitudinal smoking patterns were associated with ADHD symptoms in adults. Chronic smoking jeopardizes both physical health and the ability to fulfill adult roles as employees, family members, and friends. Smoking cessation in adolescence may lessen the likelihood of ADHD symptoms in adulthood.
PMCID:4633407
PMID: 25939583
ISSN: 1557-1246
CID: 3054642

Single and dual diagnoses of major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder predicted by triple comorbid trajectories of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use among urban adults

Lee, Jung Yeon; Brook, Judith S; Finch, Stephen J; Kim, Wonkuk; Brook, David W
BACKGROUND:The adverse consequences of major depressive disorder (MDD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affect a significant portion of the US population every year (i.e., 15 million for MDD; 8 million for PTSD) and are of public health concern. The current study examines tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use as possible longitudinal predictors of MDD and/or PTSD. METHODS:A community sample of 674 participants (53% African Americans and 47% Puerto Ricans; 405 females and 269 males) were recruited from the Harlem Longitudinal Development Study. We used Mplus software to obtain the triple trajectories of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use from mean age 14 to 36. Logistic regression analyses were then conducted to examine the associations between those triple trajectory groups and a single diagnosis of MDD or PTSD as well as a dual diagnosis of MDD with PTSD at age 36. RESULTS:The observed percentages of MDD, PTSD, and the comorbidity of MDD and PTSD were 17%, 8%, and 5%, respectively. The heavy use of all 3 substances group was associated with an increased likelihood of having MDD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.14, P < .01), PTSD (AOR = 3.91, P < .05), and MDD with PTSD (AOR = 6.64, P < .01), as compared with the tobacco and alcohol use group. CONCLUSIONS:Treatment programs to quit or reduce the use of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana may help decrease the prevalence of MDD and PTSD. This could lead to improvements in individualized treatments for patients who use tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana and who have both MDD and PTSD.
PMID: 30888260
ISSN: 1547-0164
CID: 3734982

Season of birth: A predictor of ADHD symptoms in early midlife

Zhang, Chenshu; Brook, Judith S; Leukefeld, Carl G; Rosa, Mario De La; Brook, David W
OBJECTIVE:In this longitudinal study, we applied linear regression analyses to examine season of birth as related to symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in early midlife. METHOD/METHODS:We gathered longitudinal data on a prospective cohort of community-dwelling men and women (N = 548) followed from adolescence to early midlife. FINDINGS/RESULTS:The findings indicate that, as compared with participants who were born in the summer, those who were born in the spring (Beta = 0.34; t-statistic = 3.59; p < 0.001) had significantly more ADHD symptoms. In addition, exposure to maternal cigarette smoking in adolescence significantly intensified (p < 0.01) the association between season of birth and ADHD symptoms in early midlife. CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest that exposure to greater maternal maladaptive behaviors, such as cigarette smoking, may result in a greater vulnerability to other environmental risk factors, such as season of birth.
PMCID:6131025
PMID: 29940455
ISSN: 1872-7123
CID: 3162732

Sexual risk behaviors in African American and Puerto Rican women: Impulsivity and self-control

Lee, Jung Yeon; Brook, Judith S; Pahl, Kerstin; Brook, David W
Millions of people are living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). African American and Hispanic/Latino communities suffer the most severe burden of HIV in the US. The ultimate goal of this study was to better understand risk factors for this infection: Do impulsivity and self control operate independently or synergistically with respect to HIV sexual risk behaviors in women? An enhanced understanding of these risk factors may better inform future interventions. Among the total of 343 female participants, half were African American and the other half were Latina. Data in this study were collected in the area of New York City during 2014-2016, when the mean age of the participants was 39 years. Linear regression analyses were used to examine the associations of impulsivity and self control with HIV sexual risk behaviors. Impulsivity and self control were independently associated with most of the HIV sexual risk behaviors examined. In addition, the interaction terms between impulsivity and low self control were all significantly associated with each of the sexual risk behaviors. Prevention programs should consider incorporating the roles of impulsivity and self control simultaneously as related to HIV risk behaviors.
PMCID:5984213
PMID: 29868372
ISSN: 2211-3355
CID: 3143972

Trajectories of Cannabis Use Beginning in Adolescence Associated with Symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in the Mid Thirties

Lee, Jung Yeon; Brook, Judith S; Finch, Stephen J; Brook, David W
BACKGROUND: Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are related to a number of adverse consequences such as substance use and general medical conditions. The present longitudinal study seeks to find the longitudinal patterns of cannabis use as precursors of PTSD symptoms. Such information will serve as a guide for intervention programs for PTSD. METHODS: Growth mixture modeling was conducted to identify the cannabis use trajectory groups using a community sample of 674 participants (53% African Americans, 47% Hispanics of Puerto Rican decent; 60% females) from the Harlem Longitudinal Development Study. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between earlier trajectories of cannabis use (age 14 to 36) and later symptoms of PTSD (at age 36) for the full model including the entire sample (N = 674) as well as the reduced model including only participants who had experienced a traumatic event (n = 205). RESULTS: Five trajectory groups of cannabis use were obtained. The chronic use group (full model: Adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 4.68, p<.01; reduced model: AOR = 4.27, p<.05), the late quitting group (full model: AOR = 6.18, p<.01; reduced model: AOR = 6.67, p<.01), and the moderate use group (full model: AOR = 3.97, p<.01; reduced model: AOR = 3.32, p<.05) were all associated with an increased likelihood of having PTSD symptoms at age 36 compared with the no use group. CONCLUSIONS: The findings provide information that PTSD symptoms in the mid 30s can possibly be reduced by decreasing membership in the chronic cannabis use trajectory group, the late quitting trajectory group, and the moderate cannabis use trajectory group.
PMCID:5797512
PMID: 28771096
ISSN: 1547-0164
CID: 2655892

Group Psychotherapy of Substance Abuse [Review]

Brook, David W.
ISI:000428153600009
ISSN: 0020-7284
CID: 3035532

The association between alcohol use trajectories from adolescence to adulthood and cannabis use disorder in adulthood: a 22-year longitudinal study

Lee, Jung Yeon; Brook, Judith S; De La Rosa, Mario; Kim, Youngjin; Brook, David W
BACKGROUND: Due to the increasing prevalence of cannabis use disorder (CUD), the impact of cannabis use on public health may be significant. OBJECTIVE: The present study seeks the possible precursors (e.g., alcohol use) of CUD in order to minimize the potential negative consequences of CUD such as impaired coordination and performance. METHOD: The Harlem Longitudinal Development Study included 674 participants (53% African Americans, 47% Puerto Ricans), with 60% females (n=405) from a six wave survey. We used a growth mixture model to obtain the trajectories of alcohol use from the mean ages of 14 to 36. To examine the associations between alcohol use trajectories and CUD, we used logistic regression analyses with the indicator of CUD as the dependent variable and the indicator of membership in each trajectory group as the independent variables. RESULTS: A three alcohol use trajectory group model was selected. Male gender, higher frequency of cannabis use in adolescence, and a lower educational level were associated with an increased likelihood of having CUD. Membership in the increasing alcohol use group (OR=27.44, p < .01; AOR=15.54, p < .01) and the moderate alcohol use group (OR=10.40, p < .05; AOR=8.63, p < .05) were associated with an increased likelihood of having CUD compared with the membership in the no or low alcohol use group. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of our study support the hypothesis that addressing alcohol use at an early age could impact later CUD.
PMCID:5581279
PMID: 28635349
ISSN: 1097-9891
CID: 2604352

Longitudinal pathways from unconventional personal attributes in the late 20s to cannabis use prior to sexual intercourse in the late 30s

Lee, Jung Yeon; Brook, Judith S; Pahl, Kerstin; Brook, David W
A quarter of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States are women. Furthermore, African American and Hispanic/Latina women continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV, compared with women of other races/ethnicities. Cannabis use prior to intercourse may be associated with increased risky sexual behaviors which are highly related to HIV. The ultimate goal of this research is to better understand the relationships between unconventional personal attributes (e.g., risk-taking behaviors) in the late 20s, substance use (e.g., alcohol) in the mid 30s, and cannabis use prior to intercourse in the late 30s using a community sample; such an understanding may inform interventions. This study employing data from the Harlem Longitudinal Development Study includes 343 female participants (50% African Americans, 50% Puerto Ricans). Structural equation modeling indicated that unconventional personal attributes in the late 20s were associated with substance use in the mid 30s (beta=0.32, p<0.001), which in turn, was associated with cannabis use prior to sexual intercourse in the late 30s (beta=0.64, p<0.001). Unconventional personal attributes in the late 20s were also directly related to cannabis use prior to sexual intercourse in the late 30s (beta=0.39, p<0.01). The findings of this study suggest that interventions focused on decreasing unconventional personal attributes as well as substance use may reduce sexual risk behaviors among urban African American and Puerto Rican women. Also, the implications of this study for health care providers and researchers working in HIV prevention are that these precursors may be useful as patient screening tools.
PMCID:5595245
PMID: 28648991
ISSN: 1873-6327
CID: 2614532