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Developmental Trajectories of Religious Service Attendance: Predictors of Nicotine Dependence and Alcohol Dependence/Abuse in Early Midlife

Zhang, Chenshu; Brook, Judith S; Leukefeld, Carl G; Brook, David W
This longitudinal study assesses the associations between developmental trajectories of religious service attendance from mean age 14 to mean age 43 and nicotine dependence and alcohol dependence/abuse at mean age 43 (N = 548). Six trajectories of religious service attendance were identified. As compared with belonging to weekly stable trajectory group, a higher probability of belonging to the weekly/none decreasing, occasional stable, and non-attendance trajectory group was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of nicotine dependence. In addition, as compared with belonging to weekly stable trajectory group, a higher probability of belonging to the weekly/none decreasing, weekly/occasional decreasing, occasional stable, and non-attendance trajectory group was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of alcohol dependence/abuse. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that religious service attendance protects against nicotine dependence and alcohol dependence/abuse in early midlife.
PMID: 30879207
ISSN: 1573-6571
CID: 3734752

Adolescent risk and protective factors predicting triple trajectories of substance use from adolescence into adulthood

Lee, Jung Yeon; Kim, Wonkuk; Brook, Judith S; Finch, Stephen J; Brook, David W
Objectives/UNASSIGNED:Since the number of individuals who use substances in the United States has markedly increased every year, substance use is a significant public health concern. The current study examines the possible risk and protective factors associated with triple comorbid trajectories of longitudinal alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use from age 14 to 36. Methods/UNASSIGNED:A community sample of 674 participants (53% African Americans and 47% Puerto Ricans; 60% females) were recruited from the Harlem Longitudinal Development Study. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between the risk (low self-control, peer drug use) and protective (parent-child attachment, family church attendance) factors at age 14 and membership in the triple trajectory groups derived from a multivariate growth mixture model. Results/UNASSIGNED:Low self-control and peer drug use were associated with an increased likelihood of being a member in the triple comorbid trajectory groups compared to the reference group (i.e., low alcohol, no tobacco, and no cannabis use). On the other hand, parent-child attachment and family church attendance were associated with a decreased likelihood of being a member in the triple comorbid trajectory groups compared to the reference group. Conclusions/UNASSIGNED:Treatment programs for adolescents who use substances may be more helpful if their parents and/or friends could also participate together with the adolescent, rather than only the adolescent participates in the treatment programs. Further research is needed to gain a greater understanding of the conceptual nature of the relationship between earlier risk and protective factors and later substance use patterns.
PMCID:7731617
PMID: 33311966
ISSN: 1062-1024
CID: 4712482

Longitudinal Smoking Patterns: Do They Predict Symptoms of ADHD in Adults?

Brook, Judith S; Balka, Elinor B; Zhang, Chenshu; Brook, David W
OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to assess whether comparisons of longitudinal smoking trajectories predict differences in symptoms of ADHD in adults. METHOD/METHODS:Participants were interviewed 7 times between 14 and 43 years of age. ADHD symptoms at outcome were assessed with the World Health Organization ADHD Self-Report Scale. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses assessed the associations between the trajectories of smoking and ADHD symptoms. RESULTS:= .12) indicated that compared with being nonsmokers, the probability of being in the heavy/continuous group (standardized regression coefficient [SRC] = .17, p < .01) and in the late starter group (SRC = .11, p < .05) were significantly associated with adult ADHD symptoms. CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:Longitudinal smoking patterns were associated with ADHD symptoms in adults. Chronic smoking jeopardizes both physical health and the ability to fulfill adult roles as employees, family members, and friends. Smoking cessation in adolescence may lessen the likelihood of ADHD symptoms in adulthood.
PMCID:4633407
PMID: 25939583
ISSN: 1557-1246
CID: 3054642

Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Black and Puerto Rican Women in Their Late Thirties: A Brief Report

Pahl, Kerstin; Lee, Jung Yeon; Capasso, Ariadna; Lekas, Helen-Maria; Brook, Judith S; Winters, Jewel
In New York City, over 90% of women newly diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are Black and Latina; a quarter of these infections occur among 30-39 year-olds. A survey was administered to 343 Black and Puerto Rican women (2014-2016) to examine two HIV infection risk factors: relationship exclusivity and having experienced childhood sexual abuse (CSA). A majority of male partners (69.7%) had at least one risk for HIV transmission. Women in non-exclusive sexual relationships (nESRs) had higher-risk partners, but engaged in safer sex practices than those in ESRs. Two-thirds of women in ESRs (64.8%) reported unprotected vaginal intercourse, although 33.5% had partners with a history of concurrent relationships. Among women in nESRs, having experienced CSA was a strong risk factor for HIV infection. Black and Latina women's vulnerability to HIV infection is significant, even when in exclusive relationships. Safer sex counseling should be integrated in primary care.
PMID: 30924047
ISSN: 1557-1920
CID: 3777512

Single and dual diagnoses of major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder predicted by triple comorbid trajectories of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use among urban adults

Lee, Jung Yeon; Brook, Judith S; Finch, Stephen J; Kim, Wonkuk; Brook, David W
BACKGROUND:The adverse consequences of major depressive disorder (MDD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affect a significant portion of the US population every year (i.e., 15 million for MDD; 8 million for PTSD) and are of public health concern. The current study examines tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use as possible longitudinal predictors of MDD and/or PTSD. METHODS:A community sample of 674 participants (53% African Americans and 47% Puerto Ricans; 405 females and 269 males) were recruited from the Harlem Longitudinal Development Study. We used Mplus software to obtain the triple trajectories of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use from mean age 14 to 36. Logistic regression analyses were then conducted to examine the associations between those triple trajectory groups and a single diagnosis of MDD or PTSD as well as a dual diagnosis of MDD with PTSD at age 36. RESULTS:The observed percentages of MDD, PTSD, and the comorbidity of MDD and PTSD were 17%, 8%, and 5%, respectively. The heavy use of all 3 substances group was associated with an increased likelihood of having MDD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.14, P < .01), PTSD (AOR = 3.91, P < .05), and MDD with PTSD (AOR = 6.64, P < .01), as compared with the tobacco and alcohol use group. CONCLUSIONS:Treatment programs to quit or reduce the use of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana may help decrease the prevalence of MDD and PTSD. This could lead to improvements in individualized treatments for patients who use tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana and who have both MDD and PTSD.
PMID: 30888260
ISSN: 1547-0164
CID: 3734982

Triple comorbid trajectories of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use from adolescence to adulthood predict insomnia in adulthood

Lee, Jung Yeon; Kim, Wonkuk; Brook, Judith S
Approximately 9% of adults report the symptoms of insomnia, and there are a number of adverse consequences of insomnia. This could be a public health concern. The current study seeks plausible longitudinal predictors of insomnia for prevention purposes. A community sample of 674 participants (53% African Americans and 47% Puerto Ricans; 60% were females) were recruited from the Harlem Longitudinal Development Study. We applied a growth mixture model to obtain the triple trajectories of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use. Logistic regression analyses were then conducted to examine the associations between the triple trajectory groups from mean age 14 to 36 and insomnia at age 36. The estimated prevalence of insomnia is 7.1%. A five-group triple trajectory model was selected: A) Increasing use of all three substances (18%); B) Moderate use of alcohol and marijuana, and high use of cigarette (11%); C) Moderate use of alcohol and cigarette, and experimental use of marijuana (3%); D) Moderate use of all three substances (5%); and E) No or low use of all three substances (63%). Among the five trajectory groups, the increasing use of all three substances group (AOR = 2.71, p-value = .011) was associated with an increased likelihood of having insomnia as compared to the no or low use of all three substances group. Treatment programs to quit or reduce the use of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana may help decrease the prevalence of insomnia. This could lead to improvements in individualized treatments for patients who have symptoms of insomnia and who also use substances.
PMID: 30590309
ISSN: 1873-6327
CID: 3560462

Season of birth: A predictor of ADHD symptoms in early midlife

Zhang, Chenshu; Brook, Judith S; Leukefeld, Carl G; Rosa, Mario De La; Brook, David W
OBJECTIVE:In this longitudinal study, we applied linear regression analyses to examine season of birth as related to symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in early midlife. METHOD/METHODS:We gathered longitudinal data on a prospective cohort of community-dwelling men and women (N = 548) followed from adolescence to early midlife. FINDINGS/RESULTS:The findings indicate that, as compared with participants who were born in the summer, those who were born in the spring (Beta = 0.34; t-statistic = 3.59; p < 0.001) had significantly more ADHD symptoms. In addition, exposure to maternal cigarette smoking in adolescence significantly intensified (p < 0.01) the association between season of birth and ADHD symptoms in early midlife. CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest that exposure to greater maternal maladaptive behaviors, such as cigarette smoking, may result in a greater vulnerability to other environmental risk factors, such as season of birth.
PMCID:6131025
PMID: 29940455
ISSN: 1872-7123
CID: 3162732

Triple trajectories of alcohol use, tobacco use, and depressive symptoms as predictors of cannabis use disorders among urban adults

Lee, Jung Yeon; Brook, Judith S; Kim, Wonkuk
Heavy cannabis use is associated with a wide array of physical, mental, and functional problems. Therefore, cannabis use disorders (CUDs) may be a major public health concern. Given the adverse health consequences of CUDs, the present study seeks to find possible precursors of CUDs. The current study consisted of 5 waves of data collection from the Harlem Longitudinal Development Study. Among 816 participants, about half are African Americans (52%), and the other half are Puerto Ricans (48%). We used Mplus to obtain the triple trajectories of alcohol use, tobacco use, and depressive symptoms. Logistic regression analyses were then conducted to examine the associations between the trajectory groups and CUDs. The 5 trajectory groups were (1) moderate alcohol use, high tobacco use, and high depressive symptoms (MHH; 12%); (2) moderate alcohol use, high tobacco use, and low depressive symptoms (MHL; 26%); (3) moderate alcohol use, low tobacco use, and low depressive symptoms (MLL; 18%); (4) low alcohol use, no tobacco use, and high depressive symptoms (LNH; 11%); and (5) low alcohol use, no tobacco use, and low depressive symptoms (LNL; 33%). The MHH, MHL, MLL, and LNH trajectory groups were associated with an increased likelihood of having CUDs compared to the LNL trajectory group after controlling for a number of confounding factors (e.g., CUDs in the late 20s). The findings of the current longitudinal study suggest that treatments designed to reduce or quit drinking as well as smoking and to relieve depressive symptoms may reduce the prevalence of CUDs. (PsycINFO Database Record
PMCID:6013376
PMID: 29781627
ISSN: 1939-1501
CID: 3129712

Sexual risk behaviors in African American and Puerto Rican women: Impulsivity and self-control

Lee, Jung Yeon; Brook, Judith S; Pahl, Kerstin; Brook, David W
Millions of people are living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). African American and Hispanic/Latino communities suffer the most severe burden of HIV in the US. The ultimate goal of this study was to better understand risk factors for this infection: Do impulsivity and self control operate independently or synergistically with respect to HIV sexual risk behaviors in women? An enhanced understanding of these risk factors may better inform future interventions. Among the total of 343 female participants, half were African American and the other half were Latina. Data in this study were collected in the area of New York City during 2014-2016, when the mean age of the participants was 39 years. Linear regression analyses were used to examine the associations of impulsivity and self control with HIV sexual risk behaviors. Impulsivity and self control were independently associated with most of the HIV sexual risk behaviors examined. In addition, the interaction terms between impulsivity and low self control were all significantly associated with each of the sexual risk behaviors. Prevention programs should consider incorporating the roles of impulsivity and self control simultaneously as related to HIV risk behaviors.
PMCID:5984213
PMID: 29868372
ISSN: 2211-3355
CID: 3143972

Trajectories of Cannabis Use Beginning in Adolescence Associated with Symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in the Mid Thirties

Lee, Jung Yeon; Brook, Judith S; Finch, Stephen J; Brook, David W
BACKGROUND: Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are related to a number of adverse consequences such as substance use and general medical conditions. The present longitudinal study seeks to find the longitudinal patterns of cannabis use as precursors of PTSD symptoms. Such information will serve as a guide for intervention programs for PTSD. METHODS: Growth mixture modeling was conducted to identify the cannabis use trajectory groups using a community sample of 674 participants (53% African Americans, 47% Hispanics of Puerto Rican decent; 60% females) from the Harlem Longitudinal Development Study. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between earlier trajectories of cannabis use (age 14 to 36) and later symptoms of PTSD (at age 36) for the full model including the entire sample (N = 674) as well as the reduced model including only participants who had experienced a traumatic event (n = 205). RESULTS: Five trajectory groups of cannabis use were obtained. The chronic use group (full model: Adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 4.68, p<.01; reduced model: AOR = 4.27, p<.05), the late quitting group (full model: AOR = 6.18, p<.01; reduced model: AOR = 6.67, p<.01), and the moderate use group (full model: AOR = 3.97, p<.01; reduced model: AOR = 3.32, p<.05) were all associated with an increased likelihood of having PTSD symptoms at age 36 compared with the no use group. CONCLUSIONS: The findings provide information that PTSD symptoms in the mid 30s can possibly be reduced by decreasing membership in the chronic cannabis use trajectory group, the late quitting trajectory group, and the moderate cannabis use trajectory group.
PMCID:5797512
PMID: 28771096
ISSN: 1547-0164
CID: 2655892