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Psychiatric Disorders Are Predictive of Worse Pain Severity and Functional Outcomes After Fasciotomy for Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome of the Leg

Bi, Andrew S; Shankar, Dhruv S; Avendano, John P; Borowski, Lauren E; Jazrawi, Laith M; Cardone, Dennis A
OBJECTIVE:To determine whether concomitant psychiatric diagnoses and medication use were associated with postfasciotomy outcomes in patients with chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS). DESIGN/METHODS:Retrospective comparative cohort study. SETTING/METHODS:Single academic medical center from 2010 to 2020. PATIENTS/METHODS:All patients above 18 years old who underwent fasciotomy for CECS. ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS/INDEPENDENT VARIABLES/UNASSIGNED:Psychiatric history was recorded from electronic health records including disease diagnosis and medications. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES/METHODS:The 3 main outcome measures were postoperative pain using the Visual Analog Scale, functional outcomes using the Tegner Activity Scale, and return to sport. RESULTS:Eighty one subjects (legs), 54% male, with an average age of 30 years and follow-up of 52 months were included. 24 subjects (30%) had at least one psychiatric diagnosis at the time of surgery. Regression analysis found psychiatric history to be an independent predictor of worse postoperative pain severity and postoperative Tegner scores (P < 0.05). Furthermore, subjects with psychiatric disorders not on medication had worse pain severity (P < 0.001) and Tegner scores (P < 0.01) versus controls, whereas subjects with a psychiatric disorder on medication had better pain severity (P < 0.05) versus controls. CONCLUSIONS:History of psychiatric disorder was predictive of worse postoperative pain and activity outcomes after fasciotomy for CECS. Use of psychiatric medication was associated with improvement in pain severity in some domains.
PMID: 36808120
ISSN: 1536-3724
CID: 5433852

Paresthesia Is Predictive of Symptom Recurrence After Fasciotomy for Exertional Compartment Syndrome of the Leg

Shankar, Dhruv S.; Blaeser, Anna M.; Gillinov, Lauren A.; Vasavada, Kinjal D.; Fariyike, Babatunde B.; Mojica, Edward S.; Borowski, Lauren E.; Jazrawi, Laith M.; Cardone, Dennis A.
Background: Exertional compartment syndrome (ECS) is an underdiagnosed cause of lower extremity pain among athletes. The condition can be managed operatively by fasciotomy to relieve excess compartment pressure. However, symptom recurrence rates after fasciotomy are considerable, ranging from 3% to 17%. Hypothesis: Leg paresthesia and its distribution during ECS episodes would be a significant predictor of outcomes after fasciotomy. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent fasciotomy for ECS at our center from 2010 to 2020 (institutional review board no. 21-00107). We measured postoperative outcomes including pain frequency and severity, Tegner activity level, and return to sport. Significant predictors of outcomes were identified using multivariable linear and logistic regression. P values <0.05 were considered significant. Results: A total of 78 legs (from 42 male and 36 female participants) were included in the study with average follow-up of 52 months (range, 3-126 months); 33 participants (42.3%) presented with paresthesia. Paresthesia was an independent predictor of worse outcomes, including more severe pain at rest (P = 0.05) and with daily activity (P = 0.04), reduced postoperative improvement in Tegner scores (P = 0.04), and lower odds of return to sport (P = 0.05). Those with paresthesia symptoms in the tibial nerve distribution had worse outcomes than those without paresthesia in terms of preoperative-to-present improvement in pain frequency (P < 0.01), pain severity at rest (P < 0.01) and with daily activity (P = 0.04), and return to sport (P = 0.04). Conclusion: ECS patients who present with paresthesia have worse pain and activity outcomes after first-time fasciotomy, but prognosis is worst among those with tibial nerve paresthesia. Clinical Relevance: Paresthesia among ECS patients is broadly predictive of more severe recurrent leg pain, reduced activity level, and decreased odds of return to sport after fasciotomy.
SCOPUS:85151070554
ISSN: 1941-7381
CID: 5460112

Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Sacral Stress Fractures in Athletes: A Case Series of 13 Patients

Shankar, Dhruv S.; Gillinov, Lauren E.; Buldo-Licciardi, Michael; Vargas, Luilly; Cardone, Dennis A.
Background: Sacral stress fractures are a rare cause of low back pain in athletes. Given the low incidence of these fractures, there is a scarcity of data on symptomatology, risk factors, and clinical outcomes. Hypothesis: Patients diagnosed with sacral stress fractures would be athletes presenting with low back pain. Study Design: Case series of 13 patients with sacral stress fractures. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of medical records to identify patients diagnosed with sacral stress fractures at a single academic institution. Fractures were diagnosed on noncontrast T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans and categorized using the Bakker classification system. Subjects were administered an electronic survey that asked about (1) the onset, time course, and location of pain and other symptoms; (2) time to treatment and treatment modalities pursued; (3) sports performance and time to return to sport; and (4) risk factors for stress fractures. Results: Of 18 eligible patients, 13 (72.2%) completed the survey with mean follow-up of 49.6 months (range, 1-144 months). Mean age was 28.0 years (range, 18-52 years); 9 patients (69.2%) were female, of whom 7 (77.8%) were premenopausal. The most common fracture type was Bakker type B (8 patients; 61.5%). Most patients presented with acute lumbosacral back pain in the setting of running/jogging activities. All patients underwent nonoperative treatment for an average of 3.8 months (range, 0-8 months) and three-quarters reported pain resolution at last follow-up. Rate of return to sport was 83.3%, but most patients reported ongoing deficits in running performance. Conclusion: Sacral stress fractures commonly present as acute lumbosacral back pain provoked by running sports. While the pain associated with these fractures prevents most athletes from participating in sports, nonoperative management appears to be an effective treatment modality with a high rate of return to sport.
SCOPUS:85166972835
ISSN: 1941-7381
CID: 5619612

Patient and Physician Satisfaction with Telehealth During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Sports Medicine Perspective

Kirby, David J; Fried, Jordan W; Buchalter, Daniel B; Moses, Michael J; Hurly, Eoghan T; Cardone, Dennis A; Yang, S Steven; Virk, Mandeep S; Rokito, Andrew S; Jazrawi, Laith M; Campbell, Kirk A
PMID: 33512302
ISSN: 1556-3669
CID: 4767672

Decreased Injury Rate Following Mandated Headgear Use in Women's Lacrosse

Baron, Samuel L.; Veasley, Shayla J.; Kingery, Matthew T.; Nguyen, Michael V.; Alaia, Michael J.; Cardone, Dennis A.
INTRODUCTION:There has been controversy regarding whether headgear use in women's lacrosse will affect the rate of head and musculoskeletal injuries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mandated headgear use on the rate of head and musculoskeletal injuries in high school women's lacrosse. METHODS:This was a prospective cohort study of eight high school women's lacrosse teams and their game op-ponents who were mandated to wear F3137 headgear for the 2017 and 2018 seasons. Athletic trainers documented all injuries that occurred as a result of participation on the lacrosse teams. Injury rates in the headgear cohort were compared to a retrospective (control) cohort from the High School Reporting Information Online injury data reports. RESULTS:Over the study period, 17 total injuries were reported in the headgear cohort during 22,397 exposures for an injury rate of 0.76 injuries per 1,000 athlete-exposures. The headgear cohort demonstrated significant decreases in rates of in-game head and face injury (RR 0.141, 95% CI [0.004, 0.798]), in-game concussion (RR 0.152, 95% CI [0.004, 0.860]), and practice trunk and extremity injury (RR 0.239, 95% CI [0.049, 0.703]) when compared to the control cohort. CONCLUSION:Mandated use of headgear was shown to be effective at lowering the rate of head or face injury and concussions in women's lacrosse. Additionally, mandated headgear use was also shown to lower the rate of injury to body locations other than the head or face during practice. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a decrease in injury rates associated with ASTM approved headgear in women's lacrosse.
PMID: 33207148
ISSN: 2328-5273
CID: 4708212

Nonoperative Treatment of Meniscus Tears

Chapter by: Cardone, Dennis; Borowski, Lauren; Essilfie, Anthony A
in: The management of meniscal pathology : from meniscectomy to repair and transplantation by Strauss, Eric J; Jazrawi, Laith M [Eds]
Cham, Switzerland : Springer, [2020]
pp. 53-60
ISBN: 9783030494872
CID: 5301122

Unexpected Hurdle in the Race: Hypophosphatasia Unmasked by the Female Athlete Triad

Fink, Dorothy A; Pasculli, Rosa M; Wright, Alana; Katz, Karin; Agrawal, Nidhi; Turner, Ryan; Cardone, Dennis A
Hypophosphatasia should be considered for any patient who presents with multiple metatarsal stress fractures and a low alkaline phosphatase.
PMID: 31834173
ISSN: 1537-8918
CID: 4235012

The effectiveness of mandated headgear use in high school women's lacrosse at reducing the rate of head and face injuries [Meeting Abstract]

Baron, S L; Veasley, S J; Kingery, M T; Alaia, M J; Cardone, D A
Objectives: There has been continued controversy regarding whether or not headgear use in women's lacrosse will increase or decrease the rate of head injuries. In 2017, the Public Schools Athletic of New York City became the first high school organization in the country to mandate ASTM standard F3137 headgear for all women's lacrosse players. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of mandated headgear use on the rate of head and face injuries in high school women's lacrosse.
Method(s): This was a prospective cohort study. The study group included eight varsity and junior varsity women's lacrosse teams, as well as their game opponents, who were mandated to wear F3137 headgear for all practice and game events over the course of the 2017 and 2018 seasons. Certified athletic trainers assessed and documented all injuries that occurred as a result of participation on the lacrosse teams and athlete exposures were estimated based on the number of team practice and game events. Injury rates were compared with those from the High School RIO (Reporting Information Online) injury data reports from the 2009 to 2016 seasons.
Result(s): Over the study period, 17 total injuries were reported during 22,397 exposures for an injury rate of 0.76 injuries per 1,000 athlete-exposures. Two head/face injuries, both of which were classified as concussions, were reported during the study for a head/face injury rate and concussion rate of 0.09 per 1,000 athlete-exposures. The headgear cohort demonstrated significant decreases in rates of in-game head/face injury (RR 0.141, 95% CI [0.004, 0.798]), in-game concussion (RR 0.152, 95% CI [0.004, 0.860) and practice non-head/face injury (RR 0.239, 95% CI [0.049, 0.703]) when compared to the control cohort.
Conclusion(s): Mandated use of F3137 headgear was shown to be effective at lowering the rate of head or face injury and concussions in women's lacrosse. Additionally, mandated headgear use was also shown to lower the rate of injury to body locations other than the head or face during practice
EMBASE:629239498
ISSN: 2325-9671
CID: 4080582

MULES on the sidelines: A vision-based assessment tool for sports-related concussion

Fallon, Samuel; Akhand, Omar; Hernandez, Christopher; Galetta, Matthew S; Hasanaj, Lisena; Martone, John; Webb, Nikki; Drattell, Julia; Amorapanth, Prin; Rizzo, John-Ross; Nolan-Kenney, Rachel; Serrano, Liliana; Rucker, Janet C; Cardone, Dennis; Galetta, Steven L; Balcer, Laura J
OBJECTIVE:The Mobile Universal Lexicon Evaluation System (MULES) is a test of rapid picture naming under investigation. Measures of rapid automatic naming (RAN) have been used for over 50 years to capture aspects of vision and cognition. MULES was designed as a series of 54 grouped color photographs (fruits, random objects, animals) that integrates saccades, color perception and contextual object identification. We examined MULES performance in youth, collegiate and professional athletes at pre-season baseline and at the sidelines following concussion. METHODS:Our study teams administered the MULES to youth, collegiate and professional athletes during pre-season baseline testing. Sideline post-concussion time scores were compared to pre-season baseline scores among athletes with concussion to determine degrees and directions of change. RESULTS:Among 681 athletes (age 17 ± 4 years, range 6-37, 38% female), average test times at baseline were 41.2 ± 11.2 s. The group included 280 youth, 357 collegiate and 44 professional athletes; the most common sports were ice hockey (23%), soccer (17%) and football (11%). Age was a predictor of MULES test times, with longer times noted for younger participants (P < .001, linear regression). Consistent with other timed performance measures, significant learning effects were noted for the MULES during baseline testing with trial 1 test times (mean 49.2 ± 13.1 s) exceeding those for trial 2 (mean 41.3 ± 11.2 s, P < .0001, paired t-test). Among 17 athletes with concussion during the sports seasons captured to date (age 18 ± 3 years), all showed increases (worsening) of MULES time scores from pre-season baseline (median increase 11.2 s, range 0.6-164.2, P = .0003, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). The Symptom Severity Score from the SCAT5 Symptom Evaluation likewise worsened from pre-season baseline following injury among participants with concussion (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS:Concussed athletes demonstrate worsening performance on the MULES test compared to their baseline time scores. This test samples a wide network of brain pathways and complements other vision-based measures for sideline concussion assessment. The MULES test demonstrates capacity to identify athletes with sports-related concussion.
PMID: 31103959
ISSN: 1878-5883
CID: 3899562

Chronic bilateral, lateral calf pain [Meeting Abstract]

Skaria, A A; Cardone, D A
History: A 40 year old male presents for evaluation of bilateral calf pain, left worse than right. The pain has been ongoing for one year and is localized to the lateral calf. He denies trauma or acute injury. The pain is worse with activity and is relieved by rest. For activity, he does daily walking and heavy lifting. He also often feels pain after prolonged standing. The pain does not improve with acetaminophen/ibuprofen. He denies swelling, numbness, tingling or weakness of the legs. He has been to several physicians for this pain and his work-up so far includes negative DVT and exertional ABI studies. He has been out of work for the past month due to a recent appendectomy, with a relative improvement in pain during this time. He recalls he broke his right leg when he was 13 while horse-back riding, after the horse fell on him. Physical Exam: Bilateral Lower Extremity: No redness, swelling or bruising. No knee effusion. No medial or lateral joint line tenderness. (1) TTP left lateral gastrocnemius (1) TTP over left fibular head. No tenderness along the right gastrocnemius or fibular head. Knees/ankles with FROM without pain. Negative varus/valgus stress test. Negative Lachman's, posterior drawer, McMurray. 5/5 knee and ankle strength. No pain with resisted strength testing of knee or ankle. Neutral standing alignment. Low medial longitudinal arches. Walking without a limp. (1) hop reproduces pain on left. Neuro: sensation intact to light touch, 2/4 patellar and Achilles reflexes. Skin: 21 peripheral pulses, cr < 2 seconds, no edema. Differential Diagnosis: Gastrocnemius Strain Popliteus Tendinopathy Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome - Lateral Common Peroneal Neuropathy Fibular Stress Reaction Test Results: XR Left Knee: No acute fracture or dislocation; MRI Tibia/Fibula: Transversely oriented incomplete stress type fracture within the left fibular head with surrounding bone marrow edema. Healed fracture deformity of the right mid/distal tibial diaphysis. Mild deformity of the right proximal fibular diaphysis which may reflect a healed fracture deformity. DXA Scan (T-score): Spine 22.3, L Femoral Neck 22.7, R Femoral Neck 22.6; Ca: 9.9 ICal: 1.40 PTH: 36 Vit D 25-OH: 50.6 Vit D 1,25-OH: 25 BMP wnl. Final Diagnosis: Incomplete Left Fibular Head Stress Fracture. Healed Right Proximal Fibular Fracture. Osteoporosis. Vitamin D Insufficiency.
Discussion(s): Most fibular stress fractures occur in the distal 1/3 of the fibula. Proximal fibular stress fractures are uncommon, making this an unusual case. In a 2009 study in Clinics in Orthopedics Surgery, 10 proximal fibular stress fractures were identified in 635 military recruits undergoing 6 weeks of training with repetitive walking/jumping in a squatting position. Our patient did not have this type of biomechanical stress. His medical history was reviewed and no risk factors for osteoporosis were identified other than poor diet. It is difficult to determine whether his healed right proximal fibular fracture occurred during his injury at age 13 or whether it was a subsequent stress fracture.
Outcome(s): He was started on calcium and vitamin D. Physical therapy and insoles were recommended to help correct bio-mechanical forces contributing to his injury. He was unwilling to be non-weight bearing. He took additional weeks off from work with reported improvement in pain. He underwent rheumatology and endocrine consultations for osteoporosis. Further lab testing was sent which was unremarkable. Follow-up: Given the improvement in his pain with relative rest, he has returned to work which requires prolonged standing and walking. He continues to avoiding heavy lifting and impact activities. He has follow-up scheduled with rheumatology for a denosumab injection to treat his osteoporosis. He is scheduled to follow-up with us in 6 weeks. He has not yet started a course of physical therapy
EMBASE:629860284
ISSN: 1536-3724
CID: 4209752