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Airway and esophageal eosinophils in children with severe uncontrolled asthma

Erkman, Jessica; Vaynblat, Allen; Thomas, Kristen; Segal, Leopoldo N; Levine, Jeremiah; Moy, Libia; Greifer, Melanie; Giusti, Robert; Shah, Rasik; Kazachkov, Mikhail
AIM/OBJECTIVE:Children with severe uncontrolled asthma (SUA) have a high burden of symptoms and increased frequency of asthma exacerbations. Reflux esophagitis and eosinophilic esophagitis are important co-morbid factors for SUA. Both are associated with the presence of eosinophils in esophageal mucosa. We hypothesized that esophageal eosinophils are frequently present and correlate with the presence of airway eosinophils in children with SUA. METHOD/METHODS:We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospective database of children who underwent "triple endoscopy" (sleep laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL] and endobronchial biopsy [EBB], and esophagogastroduodenoscopy with esophageal biopsy [EsB]) at our Aerodigestive Center for evaluation of SUA. Children with known cystic fibrosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, and aspiration-related lung disease were excluded. RESULT/RESULTS:Twenty-four children (21 males) ages 2-16 years were studied. Elevated BAL eosinophils were found in 10 (42%) patients, endobronchial eosinophils in 16 (67%); 7 (29%) had endobronchial eosinophils without elevated BAL eosinophils. Esophageal eosinophils were found in 11 (46%) patients. There was a correlation between the amount of eosinophils in BAL and EBB (R = 0.43, P = 0.05) airway eosinophils, defined as elevated BAL and/or EBB eosinophils, correlated with esophageal eosinophils (R = 0.41, P = 0.047). CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:We concluded that airway and esophageal eosinophils are frequently present in children with SUA.
PMID: 30353711
ISSN: 1099-0496
CID: 3373392

Aerodigestive dysbiosis in children with chronic cough

Kazachkov, Mikhail; Kapoor, Bianca C; Malecha, Patrick W; Wu, Benjamin G; Li, Yonghua; Levine, Jeremiah; Erkman, Jessica; Fitzgerald, Kathryn; Moy, Libia; Segal, Leopoldo N
In pediatric patients with chronic cough, respiratory culture techniques commonly yield negative results. Studies using culture-independent methods have found a high relative abundance of oral microbes in the lower airways, suggesting that the topographical continuity, and dynamics of the intraluminal contents of the aerodigestive system likely influence the lower airway microbiota. We hypothesize that in subjects with chronic cough, clinical diagnosis will correlate with distinct microbial signatures detected using culture-independent methods.
PMID: 29984544
ISSN: 1099-0496
CID: 3191752

Association of airway esophageal eosinophils in children with refractory asthma and chronic cough [Meeting Abstract]

Erkman, J; Segal, L; Levine, J; Moy, L; Greifer, M; Giusti, R; Shah, R; Kazachkov, M
PURPOSE: Reflux esophagitis (ReE) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) are associated with the presence of eosinophils in esophageal mucosa and are considered to be important co-morbid factors for chronic cough and asthma in adults. We hypothesize that esophageal eosinophils related to ReE and EoE are present in children with refractory asthma and chronic cough and correlate with airway eosinophilia. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of medical records of children who underwent "triple endoscopy" (sleep laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and endobronchial biopsy (EBB), and esophagogastroduodenoscopy with esophageal biopsy (EsB)) at our Aerodigestive Center for evaluation of refractory asthma and cough. Inclusion criteriawere cough for 8 weeks or more with no response to trial of antibiotics and systemic/inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), poor control of asthma symptoms, and/or airflowlimitations and air trapping despite use ICS or ICS/long-acting beta-agonist combination. Children with known cystic fibrosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia and aspiration into airway were excluded. RESULTS: Thirty-two children (22 males) met inclusion criteria. Nineteen had refractory asthma and 13 had chronic cough. There were no significant complications recorded after procedures including EBB. Eosinophils (>1%) were present in BAL of 8 (25%) children. EBB showed eosinophils in 17 (53%) children. There were a total of 19 children with eosinophils isolated from the airway (either BAL or EBB), 4 (21%) had them in BAL alone, 8 (42%) in EBB only, and 7 (37%) in both BAL and EBB. EoE was diagnosed in 6 children (19%) and ReE in 13 (41%). EsB revealed esophageal eosinophils in 47% of children. Presence of eosinophils in EsB was related to presence of eosinophils in EBB chi2 (1, N = 32), p = 0.026, but not BAL (p=0.89). CONCLUSIONS: ReE and EoE with esophageal eosinophils was present in 47% of children with refractory asthma and chronic cough. There is a significant relationship between airway and esophageal eosinophils, which becomes evident only when EBB is performed for detection of airway eosinophils. Further research is required for understanding the association of airway and esophageal eosinophilia in the development and management of refractory asthma and cough
EMBASE:619297567
ISSN: 1931-3543
CID: 2860212

Topographical Analysis Of The Aerodigestive Microbiome In Children With Cough And Respiratory Symptoms [Meeting Abstract]

Segal, L; Scaglione, BD; Wu, BG; Li, Y; Wang, A; Gilani, J; Erkman, J; Fitzgerald, K; Levine, J; Moy, L; Kazachkov, M
ISI:000390749600079
ISSN: 1535-4970
CID: 2414472

Childhood Obesity, Pulmonary Function And Airway Hyperreactivity [Meeting Abstract]

Afolabi-Brown, O; Marcus, M; Kazachkova, I; Fitzgerald, K; Erkman, J; Sandhu, R; Homel, P; Kazachkov, M
ISI:000377582804003
ISSN: 1535-4970
CID: 2161732

High Frequency Chest Wall Compression Therapy in Neurologically Impaired Children

Fitzgerald, Kathryn; Dugre, Jessica; Pagala, Sobhan; Homel, Peter; Marcus, Michael; Kazachkov, Mikhail
BACKGROUND:: Children with neurological impairment often suffer from insufficient airway secretion clearance, which substantially increases their respiratory morbidity. The goal of the study was to assess the clinical feasibility of high frequency chest wall compression (HFCWC) therapy in neurologically impaired children with respiratory symptoms. METHODS:: This was a single-center, investigator initiated, prospective study. Twenty two patients were studied for 12 months before and 12 months after initiation of HFCWC therapy, 15 patients were followed up for additional 12 months. The threshold of compliance with HFCWC therapy was 70%. The amounts of pulmonary exacerbations, which required hospitalization, were recorded. RESULTS:: Forty five percent of study patients required hospital admission before initiation of HFCWC therapy. This rate decreased to 36% after the first year of treatment and to 13% after the second year of treatment. There was a statistically significant reduction of the number of hospital days at follow-up relative to before treatment. Use of either the cough assist device or tracheostomy did not significantly interact over time with hospitalization days. CONCLUSIONS:: Prolonged HFCWC therapy may reduce the number of hospitalizations in neurologically impaired children.
PMID: 23777653
ISSN: 0020-1324
CID: 427712