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Screening and intervention for intimate partner violence at trauma centers and emergency departments: an evidence-based systematic review from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma

Teichman, Amanda L; Bonne, Stephanie; Rattan, Rishi; Dultz, Linda; Qurashi, Farheen A; Goldenberg, Anna; Polite, Nathan; Liveris, Anna; Freeman, Jennifer J; Colosimo, Christina; Chang, Erin; Choron, Rachel L; Edwards, Courtney; Arabian, Sandra; Haines, Krista L; Joseph, D'Andrea; Murphy, Patrick B; Schramm, Andrew T; Jung, Hee Soo; Lawson, Emily; Fox, Kathleen; Mashbari, Hassan Naser A; Smith, Randi N
BACKGROUND/UNASSIGNED:Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health issue with a substantial burden on society. Screening and intervention practices vary widely and there are no standard guidelines. Our objective was to review research on current practices for IPV prevention in emergency departments and trauma centers in the USA and provide evidenced-based recommendations. METHODS/UNASSIGNED:An evidence-based systematic review of the literature was conducted to address screening and intervention for IPV in adult trauma and emergency department patients. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations methodology was used to determine the quality of evidence. Studies were included if they addressed our prespecified population, intervention, control, and outcomes questions. Case reports, editorials, and abstracts were excluded from review. RESULTS/UNASSIGNED:Seven studies met inclusion criteria. All seven were centered around screening for IPV; none addressed interventions when abuse was identified. Screening instruments varied across studies. Although it is unclear if one tool is more accurate than others, significantly more victims were identified when screening protocols were implemented compared with non-standardized approaches to identifying IPV victims. CONCLUSION/UNASSIGNED:Overall, there were very limited data addressing the topic of IPV screening and intervention in emergency medical settings, and the quality of the evidence was low. With likely low risk and a significant potential benefit, we conditionally recommend implementation of a screening protocol to identify victims of IPV in adults treated in the emergency department and trauma centers. Although the purpose of screening would ultimately be to provide resources for victims, no studies that assessed distinct interventions met our inclusion criteria. Therefore, we cannot make specific recommendations related to IPV interventions. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER/UNASSIGNED:CRD42020219517.
PMCID:10030790
PMID: 36967863
ISSN: 2397-5776
CID: 5488262

Surgical resection, radiotherapy and percutaneous thermal ablation for treatment of stage 1 non-small cell lung cancer: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Chockalingam, Arun; Konstantinidis, Menelaos; Koo, Brandon; Moon, John Timothy; Tran, Andrew; Nourouzpour, Sahar; Lawson, Emily; Fox, Kathleen; Habibollahi, Peiman; Odisio, Bruno; Loya, Mohammed; Bassir, Ali; Nezami, Nariman
INTRODUCTION:Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) makes up the majority of lung cancer cases. Currently, surgical resection is the gold standard of treatment. However, as patients are becoming medically more complex presenting with advanced disease, minimally invasive image-guided percutaneous ablations are gaining popularity. Therefore, comparison of surgical, ablative and second-line external beam therapies will help clinicians, as management of NSCLC changes. We will conduct a meta-analysis, reviewing literature investigating these therapies in adult patients diagnosed with stage 1 NSCLC, with neither hilar nor mediastinal nodal involvement, confirmed either through cytology or histology regardless of type. METHODS AND ANALYSIS:We will search electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane) from their inception to January 2021 to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cluster RCTs and cohort studies comparing survival and clinical outcomes between any two interventions (lobectomy, wedge resection, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery/robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, cryoablation and consolidated radiation therapies (external beam radiation therapy, stereotactic body radiation therapy, and 3D conformal radiation therapy). The primary outcomes will include cancer-specific survival, lung disease-free survival, locoregional recurrence, death, toxicity and non-target organ injury. We will also search published and unpublished studies in trial registries and will review references of included studies for possible inclusion. Risk of bias will be assessed using tools developed by the Cochrane collaboration. Two reviewers will independently assess the eligibility of studies and conduct the corresponding risk of bias assessments. For each outcome, given enough studies, we will conduct a network meta-analysis. Finally, we will use the Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis tool to assess quality of the evidence for each of the primary outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION:We aim to share our findings through high-impact peer review. As interventional techniques become more popular, it will be important for providers in multidisciplinary teams caring for these patients to receive continuing medical education related to these interventions. Data will be made available to readers. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER:CRD42021276629.
PMCID:9207751
PMID: 35710245
ISSN: 2044-6055
CID: 5375732

Positive airway pressure adherence in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic scoping review

Watach, Alexa J; Xanthopoulos, Melissa S; Afolabi-Brown, Olufunke; Saconi, Bruno; Fox, Kathleen A; Qiu, Maylene; Sawyer, Amy M
Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is a commonly prescribed treatment for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Negative health consequences associated with untreated OSA make understanding the utilization of PAP therapy imperative. The aim of this review was to describe PAP use in children and adolescents with OSA, explore factors that influence use, and describe published scientific or clinical approaches to improve use. Among 20 studies, average PAP adherence was 56.9% (range, 24-87%). PAP use averaged 4.0 h (SD = 3.1) to 5.2 h (SD = 3.4) per night. Cautious consideration of summary estimates of PAP use is necessary as studies were heterogeneous and adherence definitions widely varied across studies. Age, sex, and developmental delay were the only factors associated with PAP use in more than one study. The majority of approaches to improve use were program evaluations rather than scientifically tested interventions. This review identified critical gaps in the existing literature and sets forth a research agenda for the future.
PMCID:8849588
PMID: 32120165
ISSN: 1532-2955
CID: 5375742