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65


Recognition Awards in Pathology Specialty Societies

Wobker, Sara E; Ginter, Paula S; Parra-Herran, Carlos; Schwartz, Lauren E; Booth, Garrett S; Fitzhugh, Valerie A; Silver, Julie K; Khani, Francesca
OBJECTIVES/OBJECTIVE:Recognition awards build physician reputation and facilitate career advancement. We hypothesize women physicians are underrepresented as award recipients by pathology medical societies compared with representation in the specialty. METHODS:We analyzed publicly available online information about physician recipients (January 2015 to December 2021) from three general pathology society websites. Recipient gender was determined by pronoun use, first name, and photograph. Representation was compared with Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) specialty data from 2015 and 2019, which showed a minimum of 36.7% women pathologists in 2015 and up to 43.4% in 2019. RESULTS:Twenty-six awards and 230 physician recipients were included in the analysis. A total of 159 (69.1%) men physicians and 71 (30.9%) women physicians received awards. Overall, women physicians were underrepresented in recognition awards compared with AAMC benchmarks. Prestigious awards (defined as those that recognize a person's body of work over time) showed a similar disparity with 22 (30.1%) of 73 recipients being women. Men physicians were more likely to receive multiple awards. CONCLUSIONS:Women physicians are underrepresented overall for recognition awards by pathology medical societies. Disparities are greater for prestigious awards. Further research is needed to better understand the reasons for these findings and how they affect women physicians' careers.
PMID: 35932465
ISSN: 1943-7722
CID: 5288472

Combining TMEM Doorway Score and MenaCalc Score Improves the Prediction of Distant Recurrence Risk in HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer Patients

Ye, Xianjun; Oktay, Maja H; Xue, Xiaonan; Rohan, Thomas E; Ginter, Paula S; D'Alfonso, Timothy; Kornaga, Elizabeth N; Morris, Don G; Entenberg, David; Condeelis, John S
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE:scores and determine if a combination of these biomarkers improves the ability to predict development of distant metastasis over and above that of either biomarker alone. METHODS:scores were evaluated and compared to identify the best performing combined marker by using the restricted mean survival time (RMST) difference method. RESULTS:analysis. CONCLUSIONS:Score alone in this cohort of 86 patients.
PMCID:9101795
PMID: 35565297
ISSN: 2072-6694
CID: 5215112

Subareolar Tissue Biopsy Predicts Occult Nipple Involvement in Nipple-Sparing Mastectomies

Ma, Lucy X; Michaels, Aya Y; Ginter, Paula S
OBJECTIVES/OBJECTIVE:Subareolar tissue is examined during nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) to minimize the risk of occult malignancy within the preserved nipple. A positive subareolar tissue biopsy typically warrants subsequent nipple excision. We study the factors associated with a positive subareolar tissue biopsy, the rate of residual malignancy in subsequent nipple excisions, and the value of subareolar tissue biopsy intraoperative frozen section (IOF). METHODS:We identified 1,026 consecutive NSMs with separately submitted subareolar tissue biopsies over a 5.5-year period. Clinicopathologic data were reviewed. We examined concordance rates between subareolar tissue biopsy and subsequent nipple excisions as well as IOF diagnosis and permanent control diagnosis. RESULTS:Among cases of therapeutic NSM, the rate of a positive subareolar tissue biopsy was 7.2%. Multifocal/multicentric disease (P = .0005), presence of lymphovascular invasion (P = .033), and nodal involvement (P = .006) were significantly associated with a positive subareolar tissue biopsy. Thirty-nine of 41 cases with positive subareolar biopsies underwent subsequent nipple excision, with 20 (51%) showing residual carcinoma. Among all IOF samples, 9 (3.3%) showed a discrepancy between the IOF and permanent diagnoses, mostly because of false-negatives. CONCLUSIONS:A positive subareolar tissue biopsy predicts residual carcinoma in the excised nipples in 51% of cases. IOF is accurate and reliable.
PMID: 34519762
ISSN: 1943-7722
CID: 5054032

Mucocele-like Lesion of the Breast Diagnosed on Core Biopsy: Histologic and Clinical Analysis of 78 Cases With Focus on Features Associated With Upgrade

Towne, William S; Michaels, Aya Y; Ginter, Paula S
CONTEXT.—/UNASSIGNED:Mucocele-like lesion of the breast (MLL) is an uncommon entity, and recent studies show low rates of upgrade from core needle biopsy (CNB) to excision. OBJECTIVE.—/UNASSIGNED:To evaluate features associated with upgrade of MLLs diagnosed on CNB. DESIGN.—/UNASSIGNED:Seventy-eight MLLs diagnosed on CNB from 1998-2019 and subsequent excisions were reviewed. Histologic parameters evaluated included the presence of atypia, presence and morphology of calcifications, and morphologic variant (classic [C-MLL], duct ectasia-like [DEL-MLL], or cystic mastopathy-like [CML-MLL]). RESULTS.—/UNASSIGNED:Overall, 45 MLLs lacked atypia and 33 were associated with atypia (atypical ductal hyperplasia, 32; atypical lobular hyperplasia, 1). Most were C-MLLs (61) with fewer DEL-MLLs (14) and CML-MLLs (3). Half showed both coarse and fine calcifications, with fewer showing only coarse or fine calcifications, and some showing none. Subsequent excision or clinical follow-up was available for 25 MLLs without atypia-of which 2 (8.0%) were upgraded to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)-and 23 with atypia, of which 4 (17.4%) were upgraded to DCIS. No cases were upgraded to invasive carcinoma. All upgraded cases showed coarse calcifications on CNB, and all upgraded cases were associated with residual calcifications on post-CNB imaging. CONCLUSIONS.—/UNASSIGNED:Most MLLs present as calcifications and nearly half are associated with atypia. Upgrade to DCIS is twice as frequent in MLLs with atypia versus those without. A predominance of coarse calcifications and the presence of residual targeted calcifications following core biopsy may be associated with higher upgrade rates.
PMID: 33929495
ISSN: 1543-2165
CID: 5054012

Ink on the move: tattoo pigment resembling axillary lymph node calcifications

Lane, Elizabeth G; Eisen, Carolyn S; Ginter, Paula S; Drotman, Michele B
High-density foci within axillary lymph nodes are associated with a number of potential diagnoses. In this case series, we present four tattooed patients who had mammographic findings that demonstrated high-density material in axillary lymph nodes, indicative of tattoo pigment migration. The aim of presenting these cases is to highlight the importance of recognizing such pigment migration in order to help breast radiologists form an appropriate differential diagnosis that might include this entity.
PMID: 33951571
ISSN: 1873-4499
CID: 5054022

Radial Scars and Complex Sclerosing Lesions of the Breast: Prevalence of Malignancy and Natural History Under Active Surveillance

Kraft, Elizabeth; Limberg, Jessica N; Dodelzon, Katerina; Newman, Lisa A; Simmons, Rache; Swistel, Alexander; Ginter, Paula S; Marti, Jennifer L
BACKGROUND:When needle core biopsies (NCBs) of the breast reveal radial scar or complex sclerosing lesions (RSLs), excision is often recommended despite a low risk of malignancy in the modern era. The optimal management of NCBs revealing RSLs is controversial, and understanding of the natural history of unresected RSLs is limited. METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed pathology and imaging data from 148 patients with NCB revealing RSL without atypia from 2015 to 2019 to determine the prevalence of malignancy and the behavior of RSLs undergoing active surveillance (AS). RESULTS:The mean age of patients was 52 years, and most lesions were screen-detected (91%). The median lesion size was 6.0 mm (range 2-39). Most patients (66%, n = 98) underwent immediate surgery, while 34% (n = 50) of patients underwent AS, with a median follow-up of 16 months (range 6-51). Of the excised RSLs, 99% (n = 97) were benign and 1% (n = 1) revealed ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). In 17% (n = 17) of cases, additional high-risk lesions were discovered upon excision. Among the 50 patients undergoing AS, no lesions progressed on interval imaging. CONCLUSIONS:In this cohort, 99% of RSLs undergoing excision were benign, 1% revealed DCIS, and there were no invasive cancers. In the first study of patients with RSLs undergoing AS, we found that all lesions either remained stable or resolved. We propose that the vast majority of patients with RSL on NCB can be safely offered AS, and that routine excision is a low-value intervention.
PMID: 33666811
ISSN: 1534-4681
CID: 4801952

Accuracy Is Everything? [Comment]

Ginter, Paula S; Hoda, Syed A
PMID: 33899082
ISSN: 1943-7722
CID: 5053992

Merkel cell carcinoma of the breast: A case report

Mehta, Nishi; Dodelzon, Katerina; Ginter, Paula S; Mema, Eralda
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) of the breast is a very rare and aggressive type of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast (NECB) that typically occurs in older and immunocompromised individuals often presenting as a large palpable mass (Albright et al., 20181). Imaging features of MCC are similar to other NECBs, typically appearing as an oval circumscribed mass on mammography and as an irregular mass with increased vascularity on sonography (Jeon et al., 20142). While both MCC and primary NECB demonstrate positive immunostaining for synaptophysin, obtaining immunohistochemical stains for specific markers, such as CK7 and CK20 is imperative to confirm the diagnosis of MCC (Albright et al., 20181). We present a case of a 57-year-old female patient with no personal or family history of breast cancer, who presented for evaluation of a palpable abnormality in her left breast. Initial diagnostic mammogram demonstrated a circumscribed mass in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast corresponding to the palpable area of concern, which correlated to an irregular mass with increased vascularity on targeted ultrasound, similar to other NECBs. Pathologic results after tissue sampling yielded poorly differentiated primary NECB. Following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the patient underwent a lumpectomy and further immunohistochemical stains of the lumpectomy specimen demonstrated diffusely positive synaptophysin, negative CK7, and positive CK20, consistent with MCC of the breast.
PMID: 34174654
ISSN: 1873-4499
CID: 4925982

Investigation of triple-negative breast cancer risk alleles in an International African-enriched cohort

Martini, Rachel; Chen, Yalei; Jenkins, Brittany D; Elhussin, Isra A; Cheng, Esther; Hoda, Syed A; Ginter, Paula S; Hanover, Jeffrey; Zeidan, Rozina B; Oppong, Joseph K; Adjei, Ernest K; Jibril, Aisha; Chitale, Dhananjay; Bensenhaver, Jessica M; Awuah, Baffour; Bekele, Mahteme; Abebe, Engida; Kyei, Ishmael; Aitpillah, Frances S; Adinku, Michael O; Ankomah, Kwasi; Osei-Bonsu, Ernest B; Nathansan, Saul David; Jackson, LaToya; Jiagge, Evelyn; Petersen, Lindsay F; Proctor, Erica; Nikolinakos, Petros; Gyan, Kofi K; Yates, Clayton; Kittles, Rick; Newman, Lisa A; Davis, Melissa B
Large-scale efforts to identify breast cancer (BC) risk alleles have historically taken place among women of European ancestry. Recently, there are new efforts to verify if these alleles increase risk in African American (AA) women as well. We investigated the effect of previously reported AA breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) risk alleles in our African-enriched International Center for the Study of Breast Cancer Subtypes (ICSBCS) cohort. Using case-control, case-series and race-nested approaches, we report that the Duffy-null allele (rs2814778) is associated with TNBC risk (OR = 3.814, p = 0.001), specifically among AA individuals, after adjusting for self-indicated race and west African ancestry (OR = 3.368, p = 0.007). We have also validated the protective effect of the minor allele of the ANKLE1 missense variant rs2363956 among AA for TNBC (OR = 0.420, p = 0.005). Our results suggest that an ancestry-specific Duffy-null allele and differential prevalence of a polymorphic gene variant of ANKLE1 may play a role in TNBC breast cancer outcomes. These findings present opportunities for therapeutic potential and future studies to address race-specific differences in TNBC risk and disease outcome.
PMCID:8085076
PMID: 33927264
ISSN: 2045-2322
CID: 5054002

Histologic grading of breast carcinoma: a multi-institution study of interobserver variation using virtual microscopy

Ginter, Paula S; Idress, Romana; D'Alfonso, Timothy M; Fineberg, Susan; Jaffer, Shabnam; Sattar, Abida K; Chagpar, Anees; Wilson, Parker; Harigopal, Malini
Breast carcinoma grading is an important prognostic feature recently incorporated into the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. There is increased interest in applying virtual microscopy (VM) using digital whole slide imaging (WSI) more broadly. Little is known regarding concordance in grading using VM and how such variability might affect AJCC prognostic staging (PS). We evaluated interobserver variability amongst a multi-institutional group of breast pathologists using digital WSI and how discrepancies in grading would affect PS. A digitally scanned slide from 143 invasive carcinomas was independently reviewed by 6 pathologists and assigned grades based on established criteria for tubule formation (TF), nuclear pleomorphism (NP), and mitotic count (MC). Statistical analysis was performed. Interobserver agreement for grade was moderate (κ = 0.497). Agreement was fair (κ = 0.375), moderate (κ = 0.491), and good (κ = 0.705) for grades 2, 3, and 1, respectively. Observer pair concordance ranged from fair to good (κ = 0.354-0.684) Perfect agreement was observed in 43 cases (30%). Interobserver agreement for the individual components was best for TF (κ = 0.503) and worst for MC (κ = 0.281). Seventeen of 86 (19.8%) discrepant cases would have resulted in changes in PS and discrepancies most frequently resulted in a PS change from IA to IB (n = 9). For two of these nine cases, Oncotype DX results would have led to a PS of 1A regardless of grade. Using VM, a multi-institutional cohort of pathologists showed moderate concordance for breast cancer grading, similar to studies using light microscopy. Agreement was the best at the extremes of grade and for evaluation of TF. Whether the higher variability noted for MC is a consequence of VM grading warrants further investigation. Discordance in grading infrequently leads to clinically meaningful changes in the prognostic stage.
PMCID:7987728
PMID: 33077923
ISSN: 1530-0285
CID: 5053982