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Chronic Calcific Tendonitis of the Rotator Cuff: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Comparing Operative and Non-operative Interventions

Angileri, Hunter S; Gohal, Chetan; Comeau-Gauthier, Marianne; Owen, Madeline M; Shanmugaraj, Ajaykumar; Terry, Michael A; Tjong, Vehniah K; Khan, Moin
BACKGROUND:Calcific tendinitis is a relatively common shoulder disorder, with 7% to 17% of individuals with shoulder pain having rotator cuff calcium deposits. Several nonoperative interventions, extracorporeal-shockwave-therapy (ESWT) and ultrasound-guided-needling (UGN), and surgical techniques have been described to treat calcific tendonitis with satisfactory outcomes. Clinical guidelines are lacking for surgical excision in cases refractory to nonoperative treatment. Several arthroscopic and open operative techniques have been described to treat calcific tendonitis with satisfactory clinical outcomes. The purpose of this systematic review of randomized controlled trials is to compare outcomes and complications of nonoperative versus operative management of chronic calcific tendinitis of the rotator cuff, to provide evidence-based treatment guidelines for practitioners. METHODS:EMBASE, PubMed, and OVID [MEDLINE] were searched from database inception until February 20, 2022, for randomized controlled trials reporting outcomes related to operative or nonoperative management for calcific tendonitis of the shoulder. Clinical outcomes including pain on visual analog scale (VAS), Constant-Murley Shoulder Outcome Score (CMS), and resolution of calcific deposits were evaluated. Continuous data at last follow-up was pooled into mean differences using a random effects model for meta-analysis. RESULTS:A total of 27 studies (2,212 nonoperative patients and 140 operative patients) met the final inclusion criteria. Pooled mean difference in VAS for ESWT was -3.83 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] -5.38, -2.27); p < 0.00001), compared to -4.83 (95%CI -5.44, -4.22; p < 0.00001) for UGN, and -4.65 (95%CI -5.47, -3.82; p < 0.00001) for the operative interventions. Pooled mean difference in CMS score after ESWT was 18.30 (95%CI 10.95, 25.66; p < 0.00001) compared to 22.01 (95%CI 8.17, 35.84; p = 0.002) for UGN, and 38.35 (95%CI 31.68, 45.02; p < 0.00001) for the operative interventions. 85% of patients receiving operative and 67% of patients receiving UGN management had complete radiographic resolution of calcific deposit. CONCLUSIONS:Surgical treatment of chronic calcific tendonitis of the rotator cuff results in larger improvement in functional outcome scores and comparable pain reduction to nonoperative interventions, particularly UGN. Both operative and nonoperative treatment modalities are likely to have clinically significant improvements in function and pain and thus it is reasonable to trial UGN and ESWT as first-line treatment. Cost-effectiveness analyses will be needed to support one treatment over the other. High quality RCTs directly comparing nonoperative interventions to operative interventions in patients prior to failing conservative treatment are needed to establish high-quality evidence-based guidelines.
PMID: 37080421
ISSN: 1532-6500
CID: 5459492

Hybrid Glenoid Designs in Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review

Haleem, Ahmed; Sedrak, Phelopater; Gohal, Chetan; Athwal, George S; Khan, Moin; Alolabi, Bashar
BACKGROUND/UNASSIGNED:Hybrid glenoid components in total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) utilize both polyethylene and metal components to provide short-term stability and long-term biologic fixation through bone ingrowth. QUESTIONS/PURPOSE/UNASSIGNED:We sought to systematically review the literature for studies that assessed outcomes of TSA performed using hybrid glenoid components. METHODS/UNASSIGNED:PubMed, Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Embase were searched systematically for articles measuring clinical and patient-reported outcomes and rates of complication and revision following TSA using a hybrid glenoid component. RESULTS/UNASSIGNED:Seven studies with 593 shoulders were included in this review. The mean age of patients was 65 ± 1 years, and 46% of the population was male. Mean follow-up was 50 months (4.2 years). The overall complication rate was 7% and rate of revision was 2.5%; glenoid radiolucency was present in 33% of shoulders at mean follow-up of 50 months. Mean improvements in forward elevation, external rotation, internal rotation score, and abduction were 49°, 28°, 2 points, and 42°, respectively. Mean improvements in Constant, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) scores were 36 points, 52 points, and 17 points, respectively. CONCLUSION/UNASSIGNED:Our review found that TSA using hybrid glenoid components results in low rates of complication and revision at early follow-up. Long-term studies are warranted to understand more fully the role of hybrid glenoid components in TSA.
PMCID:9096999
PMID: 35645649
ISSN: 1556-3316
CID: 5418422

Diagnosis and Treatment of Snapping Scapula Syndrome: A Scoping Review

Baldawi, Hassan; Gouveia, Kyle; Gohal, Chetan; Almana, Latifah; Paul, Ryan; Alolabi, Bashar; Moro, Jaydeep; Khan, Moin
CONTEXT/UNASSIGNED:Snapping scapula syndrome (SSS) is commonly misdiagnosed and underreported due to lack of awareness. OBJECTIVE/UNASSIGNED:This scoping review aims to summarize the current evidence related to SSS diagnosis and treatment to aid clinicians in managing the condition more effectively. DATA SOURCES/UNASSIGNED:PubMed, Medline, and Embase databases were searched for studies related to the etiology, diagnosis, or treatment of SSS (database inception to March 2020). STUDY SELECTION/UNASSIGNED:Databases were searched for available studies related to the etiology, diagnosis, or treatment of SSS. STUDY DESIGN/UNASSIGNED:A scoping review study design was selected to explore the breadth of knowledge in the literature regarding SSS diagnosis and treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE/UNASSIGNED:Level 4. DATA EXTRACTION/UNASSIGNED:Primary outcomes abstraction included accuracy of diagnostic tests, functional outcomes, and pain relief associated with various nonoperative and operative treatment options for SSS. RESULTS/UNASSIGNED:A total of 1442 references were screened and 40 met the inclusion criteria. Studies commonly reported SSS as a clinical diagnosis and relied heavily on a focused history and physical examination. The most common signs reported were medial scapular border tenderness, crepitus, and audible snapping. Three-dimensional computed tomography had high interrater reliability of 0.972, with a 100% success rate in identifying symptomatic incongruity of the scapular articular surface. Initial nonoperative treatment was reported as successful in most symptomatic patients, with improved visual analogue scale (VAS) scores (7.7 ± 0.5 pretreatment, to 2.4 ± 0.6). Persistently symptomatic patients underwent surgical intervention most commonly involving bursectomy, superomedial angle resection, or partial scapulectomy. High satisfaction rates of surgery were reported in VAS (6.9 ± 0.7 to 1.9 ± 0.9), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores (50.3 ± 12.2 to 80.6 ± 14.9), and mean simple shoulder test scores (5.6 ± 1.0 to 10.2 ± 1.1). CONCLUSION/UNASSIGNED:Focused history and physical examination is the most crucial initial step in the diagnostic process, with supplemental imaging used to assess for structural etiologies when nonoperative management fails. Nonoperative management is as effective as surgical management in pain relief and is advised for 3 to 6 months before operative treatment.
PMCID:9109590
PMID: 34241560
ISSN: 1941-0921
CID: 5418402

Glenoid bone grafting in primary anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review

Zhang, Betty; Niroopan, Gavinn; Gohal, Chetan; Alolabi, Bashar; Leroux, Timothy; Khan, Moin
BACKGROUND:Primary anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty can be challenging in patients with complex glenoid wear patterns and bone loss. Severe retroversion (>15°) or significant bone loss may require bone grafting. This review summarizes the rate of revision and long-term outcomes of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty with bone graft. METHODS:A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and CENTRAL databases was conducted from the date of inception to 23 October 2018. Two reviewers independently screened articles for eligibility and extracted data for analysis. The primary outcome was rate of revision. The secondary outcomes were rate of component loosening, functional outcome, and range of motion. RESULTS:Of the 1056 articles identified in the search, 26 underwent full-text screening and 7 articles were included in the analysis. All procedures were one-stage anatomic total shoulder arthroplasties. The rate of revision was 5.4% with component loosening and infection listed as indications over a weighted mean follow-up period of 6.3 years. Complications occurred in 12.6% of patients. CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:Glenoid bone grafting in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty results in comparable revision rates and improvement in pain compared to augmented glenoid components and reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Due to the low quality of evidence, further prospective studies should be conducted. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE/METHODS:IV.
PMCID:8512982
PMID: 34659484
ISSN: 1758-5732
CID: 5418412

[S.l.] : JBJS Clinical Summary, 2021

Labral Tears of the Hip

Gohal, Chetan; Khan, Moin; Bedi, Asheesh
(Website)
CID: 5418432

Primary arthroscopic repair of massive rotator cuff tears results in significant improvements with low rate of re-tear

Haleem, Ahmed; Gohal, Chetan; Leroux, Timothy; Henry, Patrick; Alolabi, Bashar; Khan, Moin
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE:To conduct a systematic review of outcomes following primary arthroscopic repair of chronic massive rotator cuff tears (RCTs) and to assess clinical outcomes and rates of repair failure. The authors' preferred treatment algorithm is also provided. METHODS:Medline, Embase and PubMed were searched identifying articles pertaining to primary arthroscopic repair of chronic massive RCTs without the use of augmentation. Primary outcomes were patient-reported outcomes and the secondary outcome was the rate of repair failure. Outcome data were pooled and presented as well as assessment of study methodological quality. Data from studies reporting similar outcome measures were pooled when possible, and mean differences alongside confidence intervals and p values were reported, where appropriate. RESULTS:Twenty-six studies (1405 participants) were included, with mean age of 62 years (range 52-69). The mean duration of symptoms pre-operatively was 31 months (range 6-40), and the mean follow-up time was 39 months (range 12-111). Complete repair was performed in 78% of patients and partial repair was performed in 22%. Both complete and partial repairs resulted in significant improvements with respect to pain, range of motion and functional outcome scores. The rate of repair failure for the total cohort was 36% at a mean follow-up of 31 months, and for the complete and partial repair subgroups the failure rate was 35% and 40%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Arthroscopic repairs of chronic, massive RCTs, whether complete or partial, are associated with significant improvements in pain, function and objective outcome scores. The rate of repair failure is lower than previously reported, however, still high at 36%. The present paper finds that arthroscopic repair is still a viable treatment option for massive RCTs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE/METHODS:IV.
PMID: 32748233
ISSN: 1433-7347
CID: 5418342

Press-fit fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction yields low graft failure and revision rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Shanmugaraj, Ajaykumar; Mahendralingam, Mathepan; Gohal, Chetan; Horner, Nolan; Simunovic, Nicole; Musahl, Volker; Samuelsson, Kristian; Ayeni, Olufemi R
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE:Press-fit fixation is a hardware-free technique in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The purpose of this review was to quantitatively assess the risk profile and outcomes of press-fit fixation and provide an update on its effectiveness compared to more standard fixation techniques of ACLR. METHODS:The electronic databases PUBMED, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were searched on March 26, 2020 for therapeutic randomized controlled trials (RCT) addressing press-fit fixation for primary ACLR. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool was used to assess the quality for randomized studies. A meta-analysis with a random-effects model was used to pool applicable outcomes data. RESULTS: = 0%) between patients undergoing femoral press-fit fixation and femoral metal interference screw fixation. CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:The overall graft failure and revision rates with press-fit ACLR were low. There were no significant differences in complication rates between patients undergoing femoral press-fit and femoral metal interference screw fixation. Included studies found that patients undergoing press-fit fixation for ACLR had significant improvements in functional outcome scores postoperatively and had significantly reduced postoperative bone tunnel enlargement compared to patients undergoing bioabsorbable fixation. Thus, early evidence suggests that press-fit fixation appears to be a good option for patients undergoing ACLR. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE/METHODS:I.
PMID: 32785757
ISSN: 1433-7347
CID: 5418352

A meta-analysis of level I evidence comparing tenotomy vs tenodesis in the management of long head of biceps pathology

Zhu, Xi Ming; Leroux, Timothy; Ben-David, Eyal; Dennis, Brittany; Gohal, Chetan; Kirsch, Jacob M; Khan, Moin
BACKGROUND:The ideal surgical treatment of long head of biceps pathology is unclear. This review evaluates Level I studies comparing tenotomy and tenodesis for the management of long head of biceps pathology. METHODS:Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched from database inception though April 17, 2020. Clinical outcomes including Constant-Murley Shoulder Outcome Score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES) shoulder score, pain on visual analog scale, postoperative strength, and Popeye deformity were evaluated. Dichotomous outcomes were pooled into relative risk ratios whereas continuous outcomes were pooled into weighted mean differences using random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS:A total of 5 studies (227 tenotomy and 227 tenodesis patients) met the final inclusion criteria. Postoperative improvement across all outcomes was observed regardless of surgical treatment. Pooled analysis demonstrated no statistically significant difference for Constant-Murley Shoulder Outcome Score, ASES, pain, or flexion strength. Tenodesis was superior to tenotomy in reducing the risk of Popeye deformity (relative risk ratio 3.07, confidence interval 1.87, 5.02; P < .001). CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:Tenotomy and tenodesis of the long head of the biceps results in comparable postoperative clinical and functional outcomes. Tenodesis is superior to tenotomy in preventing Popeye deformity postoperatively.
PMID: 33607334
ISSN: 1532-6500
CID: 5418392

A systematic review of outcomes of wrist arthrodesis and wrist arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Zhu, Xi Ming; Perera, Edward; Gohal, Chetan; Dennis, Brittany; Khan, Moin; Alolabi, Bashar
Surgical management of end-stage rheumatoid wrists is a contentious topic. The standard surgical treatment has traditionally been wrist arthrodesis. Wrist arthroplasty, however, offers an alternative that preserves some wrist motion. A systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases was conducted. Data from 23 studies representing 343 cases of wrist arthrodesis and 618 cases of wrist arthroplasty were included. Complication rates were 17% for arthrodesis and 19% for arthroplasty, and both procedures were effective at alleviating pain and improving grip strength. Functional assessment by Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand and Patient-Related Wrist Evaluation of arthroplasty patients revealed clinically meaningful functional improvement compared with preoperative measurements. In contrast to previously published findings both procedures demonstrated comparable complication rates. While this can be speculated to be from advancements in prosthetics, robust long-term follow-up data on wrist arthroplasty are not available yet.
PMCID:7897788
PMID: 32938290
ISSN: 2043-6289
CID: 5418372

Arthroscopic Bankart Repair With Remplissage in Comparison to Bone Block Augmentation for Anterior Shoulder Instability With Bipolar Bone Loss: A Systematic Review

Gouveia, Kyle; Abidi, Syed Kumail; Shamshoon, Saif; Gohal, Chetan; Madden, Kim; Degen, Ryan M; Leroux, Timothy; Alolabi, Bashar; Khan, Moin
PURPOSE:The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the rates of postoperative recurrence of instability, functional outcomes, and complications after treatment with bone augmentation procedures or arthroscopic Bankart repair with remplissage for recurrent anterior shoulder instability in the setting of subcritical glenoid bone loss. METHODS:EMBASE, PubMed, and MEDLINE were searched from database inception until June 2019 for articles examining either bone block augmentation to the glenoid or Bankart repair with remplissage (BRR) in the setting of subcritical glenoid bone loss. Search and data extraction were performed by 2 reviewers independently and in duplicate. A separate analysis was done for comparative studies. RESULTS:Overall, 145 studies were identified, including 4 comparative studies. Across all studies, postoperative recurrence rates ranged from 0% to 42.8% for bone block augmentation and 0% to 15% for Bankart repair with remplissage. In comparative studies reporting subcritical glenoid bone loss, rates were 5.7% to 11.6% in the Latarjet group and 0% to 13.3% in the Bankart repair with remplissage group. However, in all studies reporting 10% to 15% mean glenoid bone loss, there was an increased rate of recurrent instability with arthroscopic soft tissue repair (6.1% to 13.2%) in comparison with bony augmentation (0% to 8.2%). Lastly, complication rates ranged from 0% to 66.7% for the bone block group and 0% to 2.3% for arthroscopic Bankart repair with remplissage. CONCLUSION:Both bone block augmentation and Bankart repair with remplissage are effective treatment options for recurrent anterior shoulder instability in patients with bipolar bone loss but subcritical glenoid bone loss. Both have comparable functional outcomes, albeit bone block procedures carry an increased risk of complications. Arthroscopic BRR may be associated with a higher failure rate for preoperative glenoid bone loss >10%. Therefore, it may represent a stabilization procedure best suited for cases of recurrent anterior instability with glenoid bone loss <10% and the presence of a significant, off-track Hill-Sachs lesion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:Level IV, systematic review of Level II-IV studies.
PMID: 32911004
ISSN: 1526-3231
CID: 5418362