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Efficacy and Impact of a Multimodal Intervention on CT Pulmonary Angiography Ordering Behavior in the Emergency Department

Gyftopoulos, Soterios; Simon, Emma; Swartz, Jordan L; Smith, Silas W; Martinez, Leticia Santos; Babb, James S; Horwitz, Leora I; Makarov, Danil V
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of a multimodal intervention in reducing CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) overutilization in the evaluation of suspected pulmonary embolism in the emergency department (ED). METHODS:Previous mixed-methods analysis of barriers to guideline-concordant CTPA ordering results was used to develop a provider-focused behavioral intervention consisting of a clinical decision support tool and an audit and feedback system at a multisite, tertiary academic network. The primary outcome (guideline concordance) and secondary outcomes (yield and CTPA and D-dimer order rates) were compared using a pre- and postintervention design. ED encounters for adult patients from July 5, 2017, to January 3, 2019, were included. Fisher's exact tests and statistical process control charts were used to compare the pre- and postintervention groups for each outcome. RESULTS:Of the 201,912 ED patient visits evaluated, 3,587 included CTPA. Guideline concordance increased significantly after the intervention, from 66.9% to 77.5% (P < .001). CTPA order rate and D-dimer order rate also increased significantly, from 17.1 to 18.4 per 1,000 patients (P = .035) and 30.6 to 37.3 per 1,000 patients (P < .001), respectively. Percent yield showed no significant change (12.3% pre- versus 10.8% postintervention; P = .173). Statistical process control analysis showed sustained special-cause variation in the postintervention period for guideline concordance and D-dimer order rates, temporary special-cause variation for CTPA order rates, and no special-cause variation for percent yield. CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:Our success in increasing guideline concordance demonstrates the efficacy of a mixed-methods, human-centered approach to behavior change. Given that neither of the secondary outcomes improved, our results may demonstrate potential limitations to the guidelines directing the ordering of CTPA studies and D-dimer ordering.
PMID: 37247831
ISSN: 1558-349x
CID: 5543162

Bone Marrow Biopsies: Is CT, Fluoroscopy, or no Imaging Guidance the Most Cost-Effective Strategy?

Gyftopoulos, Soterios; Cardoso, Madalena Da Silva; Wu, Jim S; Subhas, Naveen; Chang, Connie Y
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES/OBJECTIVE:To determine the most cost-effective strategy for pelvic bone marrow biopsies. MATERIALS AND METHODS/METHODS:A decision analytic model from the health care system perspective for patients with high clinical concern for multiple myeloma (MM) was used to evaluate the incremental cost-effectiveness of three bone marrow core biopsy techniques: computed tomography (CT) guided, and fluoroscopy guided, no-imaging (landmark-based). Model input data on utilities, costs, and probabilities were obtained from comprehensive literature review and expert opinion. Costs were estimated in 2023 U.S. dollars. Primary effectiveness outcome was quality adjusted life years (QALY). Willingness to pay threshold was $100,000 per QALY gained. RESULTS:No-imaging based biopsy was the most cost-effective strategy as it had the highest net monetary benefit ($4218) and lowest overall cost ($92.17). Fluoroscopy guided was excluded secondary to extended dominance. CT guided biopsies were less preferred as it had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio ($334,043) greater than the willingness to pay threshold. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis found non-imaging based biopsy to be the most cost-effective in 100% of simulations and at all willingness to pay thresholds up to $200,000. CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:No-imaging based biopsy appears to be the most cost-effective strategy for bone marrow core biopsy in patients suspected of MM. CLINICAL RELEVANCE/CONCLUSIONS:No imaging guidance is the preferred strategy, although image-guidance may be required for challenging anatomy. CT image interpretation may be helpful for planning biopsies. Establishing a non-imaging guided biopsy service with greater patient anxiety and pain support may be warranted.
PMID: 38290886
ISSN: 1878-4046
CID: 5627542

Outcomes of imaging-guided corticosteroid injections in hip and knee osteoarthritis patients: a systematic review

Chang, Connie Y; Mittu, Sameer; Da Silva Cardoso, Madalena; Rodrigues, Tatiane Cantarelli; Palmer, William E; Gyftopoulos, Soterios
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the current literature on the use of image-guided corticosteroid injections in the treatment of patients with knee and hip OA. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION/METHODS:We conducted a comprehensive literature search through June 30, 2022. Publication type, study design, imaging guidance modality, osteoarthritis severity, number of injections, steroid type and dose, anesthetic type and dose, the total number of patients, follow-up intervals, and measured outcomes were extracted from the included studies. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS/RESULTS:There were 23 included studies (10 hips, 12 knees, 1 both hip and knee). Hip injections were found to be effective in treating short- and long-term pain and more effective than hyaluronic acid, Mepivacaine, NSAIDs, and normal saline in terms of improvement in pain and/or function. There was less impact on QoL. Knee injections were found either to have little or no impact or were similar or inferior to comparison injections (intra-articular hyaluronic acid, PRP, NSAIDs, normal saline, adductor canal blocks). Study data could not be aggregated because the corticosteroid types and doses, methods of outcome assessment, and follow-up time points varied widely. CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:Our systematic review found generally positive outcomes for the hip, but overall negative outcomes for the knee, although hip injections may carry a risk of serious adverse outcomes. A larger trial with uniform methodology is warranted. Specific studies on the adverse effects of corticosteroid injections are also warranted.
PMID: 36517614
ISSN: 1432-2161
CID: 5382262

Guest Editorial: Clinical Decision Support and its Impact on Appropriate Imaging Utilization [Editorial]

Gyftopoulos, Soterios
PMID: 37225528
ISSN: 1878-4046
CID: 5508432

Concentration of synovial fluid biomarkers on the day of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-reconstruction predict size and depth of cartilage lesions on 5-year follow-up

Markus, Danielle H; Hurley, Eoghan T; Mojica, Edward S; Anil, Utkarsh; Kanakamedala, Ajay; Avila, Amanda; Gyftopoulos, Soterios; Strauss, Eric J
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE:The current investigation evaluated the relationship between the synovial fluid cytokine microenvironment at the time of isolated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and the presence of subsequent chondral wear and radiologic evidence of osteoarthritis (OA) on cartilage-specific MRI sequences at a minimum of 5-year follow-up. METHODS:Patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction with no baseline concomitant cartilage or meniscal defects and had synovial fluid samples obtained at the time of surgery were retrospectively identified. Patients with a minimum of 5 years of postoperative follow-up were contacted and asked to complete patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures including Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, Lysholm Scale, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and Tegner Activity Scale, along with postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The concentration of ten biomarkers that have previously been suggested to play a role in cartilage degradation and inflammation in the joint space was measured. Linear regression controlling for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) was performed to create a model using the synovial fluid concentrations at the time of surgery to predict postoperative semiquantitative cartilage lesion size and depth on MRI at a minimum of 5 years follow up. RESULTS:The patients were comprised of eight males (44.4%) and ten females (55.6%) with a mean age at the time of surgery of 30.8 ± 8.7 years (range 18.2-44.5 years). The mean follow-up time was 7.8 ± 1.5 years post-operatively (range 5.7-9.7 years). MCP-1, VEGF, and IL-1Ra were found to have significant associations with the presence of postoperative cartilage wear (p < 0.05). No correlations were demonstrated among the biomarker concentrations at the time of injury with PRO scores at final follow-up (NS). CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:Synovial fluid inflammatory biomarker concentrations at the time of injury can predict progression of early-stage post-traumatic osteoarthritis at a mean of almost 8 years post-operatively. Findings from this study may help identify treatment targets to alter the natural history of cartilage loss following anterior cruciate ligament injury. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE/METHODS:Level III, retrospective cohort study.
PMID: 35904566
ISSN: 1433-7347
CID: 5276972

Usefulness of MRI-Based Local Surveillance After Surgical Treatment of Musculoskeletal Soft-Tissue Sarcomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Gorelik, Natalia; Paruthikunnan, Samir; Uppal, Aashna; Ervin, Ann-Margret; Ramanakumar, Agnihotram V; Quaiattini, Andrea; Brophy, James M; Gyftopoulos, Soterios
PMID: 36722761
ISSN: 1546-3141
CID: 5420072

Image-Guided Biopsy in Acute Diskitis-Osteomyelitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Chang, Connie Y; Pelzl, Casey; Jesse, Mary Kate; Habibollahi, Sina; Habib, Ukasha; Gyftopoulos, Soterios
PMID: 36222488
ISSN: 1546-3141
CID: 5360982

Arthroscopic Bankart repair versus nonoperative management for first-time anterior shoulder instability: A cost-effectiveness analysis

Li, Zachary I.; Hurley, Eoghan T.; Garra, Sharif; Blaeser, Anna M.; Markus, Danielle H.; Shen, Michelle; Campbell, Kirk A.; Strauss, Eric J.; Jazrawi, Laith M.; Gyftopoulos, Soterios
Purpose: Arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR) may be more effective than nonoperative management for patients with anterior shoulder instability following first-time dislocation. The purpose of the study was to determine the most cost-effective treatment strategy by evaluating the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for ABR versus nonoperative treatment. Methods: This cost-effectiveness study utilized a Markov decision chain and Monte Carlo simulation. Probabilities, health utility values, and outcome data regarding ABR and nonoperative management of first-time shoulder instability derived from level I/II evidence. Costs were tabulated from Centers for Medicaid & Medicare Services. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed using >100,000 repetitions of the Monte Carlo simulation. A willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold was set at $50,000. Results: The expected cost for operative management higher than nonoperative management ($32,765 vs $29,343). However, ABR (5.48 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs)) was the more effective treatment strategy compared to nonoperative management (4.61 QALYs). The ICER for ABR was $3943. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that ABR was the most cost-effective strategy in 100% of simulations. Discussion: ABR is more cost-effective than nonoperative management for first-time anterior shoulder dislocation. The threshold analysis demonstrated that when accounting for WTP, ABR was found to be the more cost-effective strategy.
SCOPUS:85164512277
ISSN: 1758-5732
CID: 5549542

Common treatment strategies for calcium hydroxyapatite deposition disease: a cost-effectiveness analysis

Alaia, Erin F.; Subhas, Naveen; Da Silva Cardoso, Madalena; Li, Zachary I.; Shah, Mehul R.; Alaia, Michael J.; Gyftopoulos, Soterios
Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of rotator cuff hydroxyapatite deposition disease (HADD) treatments. Method: A 1-year time horizon decision analytic model was created from the US healthcare system perspective for a 52-year-old female with shoulder HADD failing conservative management. The model evaluated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and net monetary benefit (NMB) of standard strategies, including conservative management, ultrasound-guided barbotage (UGB), high- and low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ECSW), and surgery. The primary effectiveness outcome was quality-adjusted life years (QALY). Costs were estimated in 2022 US dollars. The willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold was $100,000. Results: For the base case, UGB was the preferred strategy (0.9725 QALY, total cost, $2199.35, NMB, $95,048.45, and ICER, $33,992.99), with conservative management (0.9670 QALY, NMB $94,688.83) a reasonable alternative. High-energy ECSW (0.9837 QALY, NMB $94,805.72), though most effective, had an ICER of $121, 558.90, surpassing the WTP threshold. Surgery (0.9532 QALY, NMB $92,092.46) and low-energy ECSW (0.9287 QALY, NMB $87,881.20) were each dominated. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that high-energy ECSW would become the favored strategy when its cost was < $2905.66, and conservative management was favored when the cost was < $990.34. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis supported the base case results, with UGB preferred in 43% of simulations, high-energy ECSW in 36%, conservative management in 20%, and low-energy ECSW and surgery in < 1%. Conclusion: UGB appears to be the most cost-effective strategy for patients with HADD, while surgery and low-energy ECSW are the least cost-effective. Conservative management may be considered a reasonable alternative treatment strategy in the appropriate clinical setting.
SCOPUS:85168000261
ISSN: 0364-2348
CID: 5568602

Variability of MRI reporting in proximal hamstring avulsion injuries: Are musculoskeletal radiologists and orthopedic surgeons utilizing similar landmarks?

Bloom, David A; Gyftopoulos, Soterios; Alaia, Michael J; Youm, Thomas; Campbell, Kirk A; Alaia, Erin F
BACKGROUND:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an integral component of the treatment algorithm for proximal hamstring avulsion injuries. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to survey orthopedic surgeons and musculoskeletal radiologists on the reporting and analysis of proximal hamstring avulsions on MRI. METHODS:Two online surveys were developed to evaluate musculoskeletal radiologists' and orthopedic surgeons' perceptions of MRI-reporting for proximal hamstring avulsion injuries. Each survey was designed to provide information on physicians' best practices with respect to four primary questions (1) ischial tuberosity landmark determination (2) difficulties associated with measuring tendon retraction, (3) important ancillary findings, and (4) perceived clinical impact of measured retraction. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all categorical variables, which were reported as frequencies with percentages. Chi-squared test was utilized to compare rates of responses between surgeons and radiologists. Statistically significant differences were analyzed with post-hoc Fisher's exact tests; p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS:218-Musculoskeletal radiologists and 33-orthopedic surgeons responded to their respective surveys. There were statistically significant differences with responses to two of the questions asked in both surveys; (1) in cases of complete hamstring avulsion (avulsion of both the semimembranosus and conjoint tendon), which arrow represents the tendon gap measurement used for planning surgery? p = 0.028; (2) in cases of avulsion of only the conjoint tendon, which arrow represents the tendon gap measurement used for planning surgery? p = 0.013. Post-hoc testing demonstrated that for either partial or complete hamstring avulsions, more surgeons use the conjoint tendon origin to measure tendon retraction than radiologists (p < 0.05 for both). Significantly more radiologists use the semimembranosus origin to measure hamstring retraction for partial or complete hamstring tears (p < 0.05 for both). However, for each of these questions, both radiologists and surgeons most frequently stated that the conjoint tendon landmark should be used for surgical planning. CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:Musculoskeletal radiologists and orthopedists frequently utilize the conjoint tendon origin as an anatomic landmark for measuring complete and partial proximal hamstring avulsion injuries; though, orthopedists are more likely to utilize this landmark. Additionally, the broad surface area of the ischial tuberosity may lead to variability in measurement. CLINICAL IMPACT/CONCLUSIONS:Standard landmarks at the ischial tuberosity and/or detailed descriptions of tendon retractions would improve communication between radiologists and surgeons for proximal hamstring avulsions.
PMID: 36375363
ISSN: 1873-4499
CID: 5365882