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Helicobacter pylori infection in mothers modifies fecal microbiota in their newborns according to the delivery route [Meeting Abstract]

Harris, P; Hernandez, C; Shin, H; Troncoso, P; Catalano, D; Gandonu, S; Ortiz, M; Serrano, C; Dominguez-Bello, G M
Background: Interactions of resident intestinal microbes with the luminal contents and the mucosal surface play important roles in normal intestinal development, nutrition and immunity. Long-standing infections such as gastric H. pylori modify the gastric microbiota and might modify fecal microbiota composition. Objective: To evaluate the fecal microbiota of mother-child pairs and its relation to H. pylori status. Methods: Consecutive mothers and their newborns were recruited in the maternity unit, immediately after delivery. After signing informed consent, we took one stool sample of the mother before hospital discharge and one stool sample of the newborns at home (15 days old). Maternal H. pylori status was evaluated by H. pylori antigen detection (Platinum HpSA, Meridian Diagnostics, Ohio, USA). Collected samples were stored at-80degreeC until processing. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequences were analyzed using the QIIME pipeline. Results: 22 mother-child pairs were recruited and 11 of them have positive maternal H. pylori status (50%). Thirteen babies were vaginally delivered and 9 were born by Caesarean section. All babies were fully breastfed. H. pylori was not detected in the feces of newborns. The analyses showed that there were differences in the structure of the microbiota by maternal H. pylori status only in infant feces born vaginally (PERMANOVA, p=0.01). Although with similar bacterial alpha diversity level, infants born vaginally to H. pylori-infected mothers had higher abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Veilonella (LEfSe analysis, LDA > 3.0-fold). Conclusions: Maternal H. pylori status affects the fecal microbiota composition in babies born by vaginal delivery, but not in babies born by Caesarean section. The results suggest that the effect of the maternal H. pylori on the infant fecal microbiota is mediated by the acquired vaginal microbiota at birth
EMBASE:612891370
ISSN: 1536-4801
CID: 2294162

Biological actions of curcumin on articular chondrocytes

Henrotin, Y; Clutterbuck, A L; Allaway, D; Lodwig, E M; Harris, P; Mathy-Hartert, M; Shakibaei, M; Mobasheri, A
OBJECTIVES: Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is the principal biochemical component of the spice turmeric and has been shown to possess potent anti-catabolic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, properties. This article aims to provide a summary of the actions of curcumin on articular chondrocytes from the available literature with the use of a text-mining tool. We highlight both the potential benefits and drawbacks of using this chemopreventive agent for treating osteoarthritis (OA). We also explore the recent literature on the molecular mechanisms of curcumin mediated alterations in gene expression mediated via activator protein 1 (AP-1)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) signalling in chondrocytes, osteoblasts and synovial fibroblasts. METHODS: A computer-aided search of the PubMed/Medline database aided by a text-mining tool to interrogate the ResNet Mammalian database 6.0. RESULTS: Recent work has shown that curcumin protects human chondrocytes from the catabolic actions of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 up-regulation, inhibition of collagen type II and down-regulation of beta1-integrin expression. Curcumin blocks IL-1beta-induced proteoglycan degradation, AP-1/NF-kappaB signalling, chondrocyte apoptosis and activation of caspase-3. CONCLUSIONS: The available data from published in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that curcumin may be a beneficial complementary treatment for OA in humans and companion animals. Nevertheless, before initiating extensive clinical trials, more basic research is required to improve its solubility, absorption and bioavailability and gain additional information about its safety and efficacy in different species. Once these obstacles have been overcome, curcumin and structurally related biochemicals may become safer and more suitable nutraceutical alternatives to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that are currently used for the treatment of OA.
PMID: 19836480
ISSN: 1063-4584
CID: 547612