Try a new search

Format these results:

Searched for:

person:lorinj01

Total Results:

38


Modeling Diagnostic Expertise in Cases of Irreducible Uncertainty: The Decision-Aligned Response Model

Pusic, Martin V; Cook, David A; Friedman, Julie L; Lorin, Jeffrey D; Rosenzweig, Barry P; Tong, Calvin K W; Smith, Silas; Lineberry, Matthew; Hatala, Rose
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE:Assessing expertise using psychometric models usually yields a measure of ability that is difficult to generalize to the complexity of diagnoses in clinical practice. However, using an item response modeling framework, it is possible to create a decision-aligned response model that captures a clinician's decision-making behavior on a continuous scale that fully represents competing diagnostic possibilities. In this proof-of-concept study, the authors demonstrate the necessary statistical conceptualization of this model using a specific electrocardiogram (ECG) example. METHOD/METHODS:The authors collected a range of ECGs with elevated ST segments due to either ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or pericarditis. Based on pilot data, 20 ECGs were chosen to represent a continuum from "definitely STEMI" to "definitely pericarditis," including intermediate cases in which the diagnosis was intentionally unclear. Emergency medicine and cardiology physicians rated these ECGs on a 5-point scale ("definitely STEMI" to "definitely pericarditis"). The authors analyzed these ratings using a graded response model showing the degree to which each participant could separate the ECGs along the diagnostic continuum. The authors compared these metrics with the discharge diagnoses noted on chart review. RESULTS:Thirty-seven participants rated the ECGs. As desired, the ECGs represented a range of phenotypes, including cases where participants were uncertain in their diagnosis. The response model showed that participants varied both in their propensity to diagnose one condition over another and in where they placed the thresholds between the 5 diagnostic categories. The most capable participants were able to meaningfully use all categories, with precise thresholds between categories. CONCLUSIONS:The authors present a decision-aligned response model that demonstrates the confusability of a particular ECG and the skill with which a clinician can distinguish 2 diagnoses along a continuum of confusability. These results have broad implications for testing and for learning to manage uncertainty in diagnosis.
PMCID:9780042
PMID: 36576770
ISSN: 1938-808x
CID: 5409622

A case report of Enterobacter cloacae endocarditis in a patient with a history of cotton fever [Case Report]

Tarabanis, Constantine; Zhang, Ruina; Grossman, Kelsey; Kaul, Christina; Lorin, Jeffrey D
Background/UNASSIGNED:, known to colonize all parts of the cotton plant. Only one prior case report has suggested cotton fever as a potential risk factor of infective endocarditis (IE). Case summary/UNASSIGNED:IE with bilateral septic pulmonary emboli. Transthoracic echocardiography findings included new tricuspid regurgitation and two mobile echodensities on the right atrial implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) lead. Despite broad antibiotic coverage and extraction of the ICD leads, the patient passed away from septic shock. Discussion/UNASSIGNED:genus were isolated in patients' blood cultures. This evidence supports the endotoxin theory as the leading pathophysiologic explanation for cotton fever and suggests cotton fever as a risk factor for Gram-negative IE. In the inpatient setting it informs proper antibiotic coverage, whereas in the outpatient setting it supports harm reduction interventions in the form of sterile cotton balls.
PMCID:9336567
PMID: 35911492
ISSN: 2514-2119
CID: 5287782

Patterns and outcomes of invasive management of type 2 myocardial infarction in the United States

Smilowitz, Nathaniel R; Shah, Binita; Lorin, Jeffrey; Berger, Jeffrey S
BACKGROUND:Type 2 myocardial infarction (MI) occurs due to a mismatch in myocardial oxygen supply and demand without unstable coronary artery disease. We sought to identify patterns, predictors and outcomes of invasive management of type 2 MI in the USA. METHODS:Adults aged ≥18 years hospitalized with type 2 MI were identified in a cross-sectional study from the 2018 National Inpatient Sample. Invasive management was defined as invasive coronary angiography or revascularization. Patient, hospital and geographic characteristics associated with invasive management were identified by multivariable logistic regression. Propensity-matched cohorts were generated to evaluate associations between invasive vs. conservative management and mortality. RESULTS:We identified 268 850 admissions with type 2 MI in 2018. Type 2 MI patients had a high burden of comorbidities and were commonly admitted with diagnoses of circulatory (39.7%), infectious (23.1%) or respiratory (10.8%) illness. Only 11.2% of type 2 MI were managed invasively, of which 17.9% underwent coronary revascularization. Odds of invasive management were higher with commercial insurance [adjusted OR (aOR) 1.39; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.27-1.52] and lower with Medicaid (aOR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76-0.96) vs. Medicare. Significant heterogeneity in invasive management of type 2 MI was observed by geographic region (range 7.2-13.8%), independent of patient and hospital factors. Invasive management was associated with lower in-hospital mortality than conservative management overall (3.9 vs. 9.1%; P < 0.001) and in propensity-matched analyses (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.59-0.84). CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:Invasive management of type 2 MI varies by insurance status and geography, highlighting uncertainty regarding optimal management and potential disparities in clinical care.
PMID: 35044332
ISSN: 1473-5830
CID: 5131562

Importance Ranking of Electrocardiogram Rhythms: A Primer for Curriculum Development

Penalo, Laura; Pusic, Martin; Friedman, Julie Lynn; Rosenzweig, Barry P; Lorin, Jeffrey D
INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND:Electrocardiogram interpretation is an essential skill for emergency and critical care nurses and physicians. There remains a gap in standardized curricula and evaluation strategies used to achieve and assess competence in electrocardiogram interpretation. The purpose of this study was to develop an importance ranking of the 120 American Heart Association electrocardiogram diagnostic labels with interdisciplinary perspectives to inform curriculum development. METHODS:Data for this mixed methods study were collected through focus groups and individual semi-structured interviews. A card sort was used to assign relative importance scores to all 120 American Heart Association electrocardiogram diagnostic labels. Thematic analysis was used for qualitative data on participants' rationale for the rankings. RESULTS:The 18 participants included 6 emergency and critical care registered nurses, 5 cardiologists, and 7 emergency medicine physicians. The 5 diagnoses chosen as the most important by all disciplines were ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, atrial fibrillation, complete heart block, and normal electrocardiogram. The "top 20" diagnoses by each discipline were also reported. Qualitative thematic content analysis revealed that participants from all 3 disciplines identified skill in electrocardiogram interpretation as clinically imperative and acknowledged the importance of recognizing normal, life threatening, and time-sensitive electrocardiogram rhythms. Additional qualitative themes, identified by individual disciplines, were reported. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS:This mixed-methods approach provided valuable interdisciplinary perspectives concerning electrocardiogram curriculum case selection and prioritization. Study findings can provide a foundation for emergency and critical care educators to create local ECG educational programs. Further work is recommended to validate the list amongst a larger population of emergency and critical care frontline nurses and physicians.
PMID: 33546884
ISSN: 1527-2966
CID: 4779162

Gout and Progression of Aortic Stenosis

Adelsheimer, Andrew; Shah, Binita; Choy-Shan, Alana; Tenner, Craig T; Lorin, Jeffrey D; Smilowitz, Nathaniel R; Pike, V Courtney; Pillinger, Michael H; Donnino, Robert
BACKGROUND:Patients with aortic stenosis are nearly twice as likely to have a diagnosis of gout compared with individuals without aortic valve disease. METHODS:, and/or decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction due to aortic stenosis. RESULTS:/year [-0.16, -0.01], p=0.09); annualized change in peak velocity and mean gradient did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS:Progression to severe aortic stenosis was more frequent in patients with gout versus those without gout supporting the hypothesis that gout is a risk factor for aortic stenosis.
PMID: 32081657
ISSN: 1555-7162
CID: 4312662

Management of Coronary Disease in Patients with Advanced Kidney Disease

Bangalore, Sripal; Maron, David J; O'Brien, Sean M; Fleg, Jerome L; Kretov, Evgeny I; Briguori, Carlo; Kaul, Upendra; Reynolds, Harmony R; Mazurek, Tomasz; Sidhu, Mandeep S; Berger, Jeffrey S; Mathew, Roy O; Bockeria, Olga; Broderick, Samuel; Pracon, Radoslaw; Herzog, Charles A; Huang, Zhen; Stone, Gregg W; Boden, William E; Newman, Jonathan D; Ali, Ziad A; Mark, Daniel B; Spertus, John A; Alexander, Karen P; Chaitman, Bernard R; Chertow, Glenn M; Hochman, Judith S; Abdallah, Abdallah M; Moreyra, Abel E; Laddu, Abhay A; Dubey, Abhishek; Goyal, Abhishek; Knighton, Abigail; Adeboye, Adedayo; Juceviciene, Agne; Urboniene, Agne; Szramowska, Agnieszka; Abdel-Latif, Ahmed; Ayoub, Ahmed; Elghamaz, Ahmed; Kamal, Ahmed; Talaat, Ahmed; Sharma, Ajay; Narula, Ajit Singh; Bagai, Akshay; Smigelskaite, Akvile; Raymond, Alain; Rheault, Alain; Loehr, Alaine Melanie; Varga, Albert; Maggioni, Aldo P; Moorman, Alec; Chevaile Ramos, Alejandro; Gisbert, Alejandro; Fratczak, Aleksandra; Laucevicius, Aleksandras; Chernyavskiy, Alexander M; Borisov, Alexander Sergeevich; Craft, Alexandra; Hunter, Alexandra; Hueb, Alexandre Ciappina; Schaan de Quadros, Alexandre; Muller, Alice Manica; Deiro, Aline Peixoto; Stone, Allegra; Castro, Almudena; Uxa, Amar; Van Craenenbroeck, Amaryllis; Roy, Ambuj; Kakkar, Amit; Flowers, Amy; Iskandrian, Amy; Djordjevic-Dikic, Ana D; Gomes Almeida, Ana; Francisco, Ana Rita; Mladenovic, Ana S; Santana, Ana; Lahiri, Anandaroop; Kuzmina-Krutetskaya, Anastasia M; Vamvakidou, Anastasia; Vertes, Andras; Gabriel, Andre; Bartykowszki, Andrea; Lorimer, Andrea; Pascual, Andrea; Coelho, Andreia; Rocha, Andreia; García-Rincón, Andrés; Starovoytov, Andrew; Łabyk, Andrzej; Kawakami, Anelise; Hoye, Angela; Nobre, Angelo; Acharya, Anjali; Anand, Anjali; Rishmawi, Anjana; Banfield, Ann; Luyten, Ann; Cichocka-Radwan, Anna; Fojt, Anna; Plachcinska, Anna; Teresinska, Anna; Webb, Anne Marie; Heath, Anne; Mathew, Anoop; Vega, Antonia; Carvalho, Antonio; Colombo, Antonio; Fiarresga, Antonio; Tharini, Anu; Rao, Anupama; Valdespino-Estrada, Aquiles; Diaz, Ariel; Asif, Arif; Seto, Arnold H; Campos-Santaolalla, Arturo S; Cheema, Asim N; Ahmed, Asker; Mathur, Atul; Leong, Audrey W; Åkerblom, Axel; Fuentes, Axelle; Naher, Aynun; Valaiyapathi, Badhma; Srinivasan, Balaji; Kaur, Baljeet; Bhargava, Balram; Guruge, Bandula; Wicklund, Barbara; Czarniak, Bartosz; Singh, Bebek; Igual, Begoña; Merkely, Bela; Shah, Benoy N; de Bruyne, Bernard; Abramson, Beth; Stefanchik, Beth; Harvey, Bethany; Shivalkar, Bharati; Malik, Bilal; Kurian, Binoy Mannekkattukudy; Hammouche, Bougrida; Beleslin, Branko D; Ferguson, Bruce; McManus, Bruce; Ascoli, Bruna Maria; Smith, Bryn; Allen, Byron J; Gibson, C Michael; Bairey Merz, C Noel; Pop, Calin; Gagné, Carl-Éric; Ohmart, Carly; Kartje, Carol M; Alsweiler, Caroline; Rodgers, Caroline; Spindler, Caroline; Gruber, Carolyn J; Albert, Catherine; Bone, Catherine; Lemay, Catherine; Kepka, Cezary; Suvarna, Chandini; Mercure, Chantale; Wiyarand, Charlene; Patel, Chetan; Attanasio, Chiara; Chow, Chi-Ming; Er, Ching Min; Ong, Ching-Ching; Manjunath, Cholenahally Nanjappa; Buller, Chris; Vassaliere, Christel; Vrints, Christiaan; Witzke, Christian; Ballantyne, Christie; Björklund, Christina; Roraff, Christine; Laure, Christophe; Thuaire, Christophe; Chan, Christopher; Fordyce, Christopher; Kinsey, Christopher; Xia, Chunli; Schultz, Cidney; Held, Claes; Cortés, Claudia; Escobar, Claudia; Freixo, Cláudia; Kadalie, Clemens T; Thobois, Corine; Page, Courtney; Bare, Cristina; Espinosa, Dalisa; Gao, Dan; Rizk, Dana; Puzhevsky, Daniela; Analyst, Data; Charytan, David M; Williams, David O; Booth, David; Charytan, David; Cohen, David; DeMets, David; Foo, David; Goldfarb, David; Schlichting, David; Sisson, David; Taggart, David; Waters, David; Wheeler, David; Williams, David; Vo, Davis; Teodorczyk, Dawid; Shelstad, Dawn D; Kereiakes, Dean; Yip, Deborah; Ramaswamy, Deepa; Mattina, Deirdre; Murphy, Deirdre; Jiang, Dengke; Cyr, Derek; Cukali, Diana; Camara, Diane; Stournaras, Dimitrios; Patel, Dipti; Li, Dongze; Exley, Donna; Reimann, Doreen; Schwartz, Doron; Cacela, Duarte; Conway, Dwayne S G; Punnoose, Eapen; Tay, Edgar L; Karanjah, Edgar; Gomes Lima, Eduardo; Hernandez-Rangel, Eduardo; Nicol, Edward D; Kaczmarska, Edyta; Refoyo Salicio, Elena; Feen, Eli; Durán-Cortés, Elihú; Janzen, Elisabeth M; van Dongen, Elise; Restelli Piloto, Elissa; Srbinovska Kostovska, Elizabeta; Capasso-Gulve, Elizabeth; Zbyshevskaya, Elizaveta V; Fridell, Ellie; Lader, Ellis W; Gosmanova, Elvira; Tachot, Emilie; Howard, Emma; Sorbets, Emmanuel; Alonso-Álvarez, Encarnación; Daugas, Eric; Alexánderson Rosas, Erick; Montpetit, Estelle; Passamani, Eugene; Shutov, Evgeny; Szczerba, Ewa; Wojtala, Ewelina; Ribeiro Silva, Expedito Eustáquio; Fimiani, Fabio; Hage, Fadi; Jafary, Fahim Haider; Feng, Fang; Ranjbaran, Fatima; Pinto, Fausto J; Caeiro, Fernando; Nolasco, Fernando; Silva, Filipa; Ottani, Filippo; Al Solaiman, Firas; Egydio, Flávia; Chereches, Florina; De Micco, Francesca; Bianchini, Francesca; Pietrucci, Francesca; Orso, Francesco; Pisano, Francesco; Patuleia Figueiras, Francisca; Madore, François; Harrell, Frank; Rockhold, Frank; Van de Werf, Frans; Guenther, Franziska; Mohr, Fred; Karthikeyan, G; Galeote, Gabriel; Grossmann, Gabriel; Steg, Gabriel; Guzman, Gabriela; Gabrielli, Gabriele; Chen, Gang; Sharma, Gautam; Petty, Gaylin; Mikolaitiene, Gelmina; Yee, Gennie; Devlin, Gerard Patrick; Esposito, Gerard; Ágoston, Gergely; Lamas, Gervasio; Cobb, Gia; Perna, Gian Piero; Leone, Gianpiero; Mishra, Girish; Barge-Caballero, Gonzalo; Young, Grace M; Scaro, Graciela; Wong, Graham; Pressman, Gregg; Simonis, Gregor; Steinmaurer, Gudrun; Portugal, Guilherme; Cantinho Lopes, Guilhermina; Garcia-Garcia, Guillermo; Wang, Guoqin; Wander, Gurpreet S; Gulati, Gurpreet; Zhang, Haibo; Marciniak, Halina; Dai, Hao; Dong, Haojian; Franch, Harold; White, Harvey; Elabd, Hatem; Pomeroy, Hayley; Golden, Heather; Wilson, Heidi; Abergel, Helene; Siddaram, Hemalata; Mahapatra, Hemant Shakhar; Stokes, Henry C; Osseni, Hermine; Schuchlenz, Herwig; Skali, Hicham; Mattix-Kramer, Holly; Cheng, Hong; Mahrous, Hossam; Pejkov, Hristo; Marques, Hugo; Zhong, Hui; El Fishawy, Hussien; Webb, Ian; Kullo, Iftikhar; Grazhdankin, Igor O; Hassan, Ikraam; Pina, Ileana L; Tamasauskiene, Ilona; Cabrita, Inês Zimbarra; Rodrigues, Ines; Soveri, Inga; Mitevska, Irena Peovska; Lang, Irene Marthe; Subbotina, Irina; Kalibataite-Rutkauskiene, Irma; Roy, Isabelle; Tejani, Ishita; Naryshkin, Ivan A; Jankovic, Ivana; Niedzwiecka, Iwona; Kusmierek, Jacek; Chow, Jackie; Heo, Jaekyeong; Maksym, Jakub; Davies, James E; Jang, James J; Hirsch, James; Tatoulis, James; Henzel, Jan; Oliveira, Janaina; Rangaswami, Janani; Eckstein, Jane; Raj, Janitha; Pozzibon, Jaqueline; Drozdz, Jaroslaw; Kwok Kong, Jason Loh; Call, Jason T; Linefsky, Jason; Garcia, Javier J; Meisner, Jay; Scales, Jayne; Juliard, Jean Michel; Diodati, Jean; Juliard, Jean-Michel; Russo, Jeanne; Schoep, Jeannette J M; Leimberger, Jeff; Milliken, Jeffrey C; Anderson, Jeffrey; Kanters, Jeffrey; Lorin, Jeffrey; Moses, Jeffrey; Stepanovic, Jelena J; Celutkiene, Jelena; Stojkovic, Jelena; Jose, Jenne M; Stanford, Jennifer L; Hogan, Jennifer; Horst, Jennifer; Isaacs, Jennifer; Thomson, Jennifer; Tomfohr, Jennifer; White, Jennifer; Yee, Jerry; Berg, Jessica; Peteiro, Jesus; Peteiro, Jesús; Li, Jia; Liu, Jiamin; Zhang, Jianxin; Marcus, Jill; Blankenship, Jim; Dong, Jing; Chen, Jiyan; Evans, Jo; Peñafiel, Joaquín V; Sabik, Joe; Christopher, Johann; Kostis, John B; Graham, John Joseph; Doan, John; Jose, John; Kotter, John; Lehman, John; Middleton, John; Pownall, John; Gleadle, Jonathan M; Chavez-Iñiguez, Jonathan S; Byrne, Jonathan; Himmelfarb, Jonathan; Lebowitz, Jonathan; Thorsen, Jonean; Carrillo Calvillo, Jorge; Escobedo, Jorge; Ortega-Ramírez, José A; Cuenca-Castillo, José J; Diez, Jose L; Narro Villanueva, José Luis; da Costa Vieira, José Luiz; Flores-Palacios, José M; Fragata, Jose; Lopes, Jose; Lopez-Sendon, Jose; Lopez-Sendon, José; Rueda, Jose; Selvanayagam, Joseph B; Sacco, Joseph; Loh, Joshua P; Burkhardt, Joy; López Quijano, Juan Manuel; Gaztanaga, Juan; Sebo, Judit; Wright, Judith; Stumpf, Juergen; de Aveiro Morata, Julia; Figal, Julio César; Hernandez Jaras, Julio; Yang, Junqing; Garg, Jyotsna; Rani, K Manjula; Preethi, K; Goetschalckx, Kaatje; Calfas, Karen; Petrosyan, Karen; Servilla, Karen; Swan, Karen; Ploetze, Karin; Kryczka, Karolina; Wojtczak-Soska, Karolina; Wojtera, Karolina; Ramasamy, Karthik; Łuczak, Katarzyna; Malinowska, Katarzyna; Knaut, Katharina; Martin, Katherine; Claes, Kathleen; Mason, Kathryn; Mahaffey, Ken; Gin, Kenneth; Lee, Kerry; Bonin, Kerstin; Mikes, Kerstin; Bainey, Kevin R; Harley, Kevin T; Marzo, Kevin; McMahon, Kevin; Abdul-Nour, Khaled; Alfakih, Khaled; Dajani, Khaled; Kushniriuk, Khrystyna; Poh, Kian-Keong; Holland, Kim; Halverson, Kimberly E; Murphy, Kinnari; Reddy, Kiran; Quiles, Kirsten J; Abercrombie, Kirsty; Matschke, Klaus; Szymczyk, Konrad; Chan, Koo Hui; Mavromatis, Kreton; Hongalgi, Krishnakumar; Thygesen, Kristian; Salmi, Kristin M; Newby, Kristin; Arges, Kristine; Teoh, Kristine; Drzymalski, Krzysztof; Kumbar, Lalathaksha; Matics, Laszlone; Hickson, LaTonya J; Keinaite, Laura; Sarti, Laura; True, Laura; Phillips, Lawrence M; Friedman, Lawrence; Maranan, Leandro C; Lotaif, Leda; Dharmarajan, Lekshmi; Bockeria, Leo A; Pizzol Caetano, Leonardo; Bridi, Leonardo; Bershtein, Leonid L; Yan, Li Hai; Li, Li; Sousa, Lidia; Xu, Lihong; Zhang, Lihua; Zhang, Lili; Mazza Barbosa, Lilian; Tozija, Liljana; Arcand, Linda; Patricio, Lino; Zhang, Liping; Hatch, Lisa; Jiang, Lixin; Low, Liz; Salman, Loay; Lopez, Lorena; Pritchard, Lori; Bernanrdes, Luis; Guzman, Luis; Teo, Lynette L; Reddy, M Sowjanya; Simoons, Maarten; Konigstein, Maayan; Selas, Mafalda; Madero, Magdalena; Miller, Magdalena; Misztal-Teodorczyk, Magdalena; Abdelhamid, Magdy; Fahim, Magid; Mylarappa, Mahevamma; Joseph, Majo X; Frach, Malgorzata; Rani, Manjula; Galvani, Marcello; Demkow, Marcin; Szkopiak, Marcin; De Fabritis, Marco; Magnoni, Marco; Marini, Marco; Sicuro, Marco; Roik, Marek; Alfonso, Maria A; Pereira de Moraes, Maria Antonieta; Martínez-Ruíz, María Dolores; Canziani, Maria Eugenia; Martin, Maria Eugenia; Caetano, Maria Inês; Corral, Maria P; Pérez García, Maria; Andreasson, Maria; Posada, Maria; Dracoulakis, Marianna D A; Rubio, Mariano; Petrovic, Marija T; Vieira, Marina; Garcia, Mario J; D'arezzo, Mario; Orgera, Maris; Miglinas, Marius; Garand, Mark; Peterson, Mark; Xavier, Mark; Mosley, Marlowe; Capinha, Marta; Swiderek, Marta; Meyer, Martha; Ceseri, Martina; Tricoli, Martinia; Wiilliams, Mary; Champagne, Mary Ann; Streif, Mary; Leesar, Massoud; Claudia, Matei; Solecki, Mateusz; Mungo, Matías Nicolás; Shinseki, Matthew; Weir, Matthew; Nédio, Maura Carina; Winter, Max-Paul; Krishnam, Mayil S; Mishra, Meenakshi; Hwang, Mei; Srilatha, Melemadathil; LeFevre, Melissa; Simegn, Mengistu; Gibson, Michael A; Rubens, Michael B; Shapiro, Michael D; Chobanian, Michael; Davidson, Michael; Farkouh, Michael; Mack, Michael; Wlodarczyk, Michal; Khouri, Michel G; Crowder, Michelle; Ratliff, Michelle; Borges Santos, Miguel; Nobre Menezes, Miguel; Perez Fontan, Miguel; Barrero, Miguel; Tapolyai, Mihaly; Torosoff, Mikhail T; Dobric, Milan R; Gadkari, Milind Avdhoot; Kyaw, Min Tun; Revivo, Miri; Lustre, Mitchel B; Adel, Mohamed; Hassan, Mohamed; El-Hajjar, Mohammad; Hussain, Mohammed; Saleem, Mohammed; Blanco-Calvo, Moisés; Jiménez-Santos, Moisés; Laukyte, Monika; Saric, Muhamed; Takiuti, Myrthes Emy; Asif, Nadia; Moorthy, Nagaraja; Ogletree, Naima L; Katamadze, Nana O; Nataraj, Nandita; Uchida, Naomi; Ismail, Nasrul; Oliveira, Natalia S; de Carvalho Maffei, Natalia; Brosens, Nathalie; Aslam, Naved; Akhtar, Naveed; Mowafy, Neamat; Pandit, Neeraj; Parakh, Neeraj; Pannu, Neesh; Duncan, Neill; Garcevic, Nevena; Meadows, Ngaire; Danchin, Nicholas; Deming, Nicole; Boskovic, Nikola N; Karogiannis, Nikolaos; Zhang, Ning; Kumar, Nirmal; Sharma, Niruta; Chadha, Nitika; Naik, Nitish; Durfee, Noelle M; Cosgrove, Nora M; Urbanski, Norbert; Hogg, Norma; Walesiak, Olga; Zdończyk, Olga; Zhdanova, Olga; Anaya, Olivia; Bello, Olugbenga; Almousalli, Omar; Thompson, Omar; Kliuk, Orit; Méndiz, Oscar; Prada-Delgado, Óscar; Shapira, Oz; Raffaele, Pablo; Salanger, Page; Maurovich-Horvat, Pal; Garg, Pallav; Moraga, Paloma; Singh, Pam; Ouyang, Pamela; Woodard, Pamela; Poggio Smanio, Paola Emanuela; Smanio, Paola; Calabro, Paolo; Nguyen, Patricia K; Alarie, Patricia; Carrilho, Patricia; Endsley, Patricia; Pellikka, Patricia; Lebioda, Patrycja; Der Mesropian, Paul; Hauptman, Paul; García-González, Paula; Wilson, Paula; Cury Rezende, Paulo; Novis Rocha, Paulo; Canas Silva, Pedro; Farto E Abreu, Pedro; Píccaro de Oliveira, Pedro; Carvalho, Pedro; Modas, Pedro; Rio, Pedro; He, Peiyu; McCullough, Peter A; Stone, Peter H; Douglass, Peter; Sizeland, Peter; Voros, Peter; Steg, Philippe Gabriel; Genereux, Philippe; Généreux, Philippe; Menasche, Philippe; Rheault, Philippe; Tassinario, Piero; Gervais, Pierre; Calvillo, Pilar; Chai, Ping; Jakubowski, Piotr; Pruszczyk, Piotr; Loh, Poay-Huan; Samadi, Pouneh; Deedwania, Prakash; Patel, Pranav M; Polamuri, Praneeth; Sharma, Pratiksha; Kamath, Preeti; Thomas, Prince; Arambam, Priyadarshani; Sodhi, Puneet; Naik, Pushpa; Zhong, Qi; Zhao, Qian; Yuan, Qianqian; Xie, Qiulan; Murphy, Rachel; Lyubarova, Radmila; Lyubarova, Radmilar; Fisher, Raewyn; Diaz, Rafael; Maldonado, Rafael; Selgas, Rafael; Bugiardini, Raffaele; Chaudhry, Rafia; Kavalakkat, Raisa; Vs, Rajalekshmi; Nair, Rajesh Gopalan; Narang, Rajiv; Yadav, Rakesh; Carvalho, Ramiro; Jesús-Pérez, Ramon de; Leng, Ran; Kachru, Ranjan; Sanchez, Raquel; Dwyer, Raven R; Lee, Raven; Wyman, Ray; Wong, Raymond C; Hampson, Reinette; Karam Kalil, Renato Abdala; Lopes, Renato D; Eick, Renato George; Lopes, Renato; Ravindran, Reshma; Gamma, Reto Andreas; Costa, Ricardo; Bhatt, Richa; Trimlett, Richard H J; Patel, Risha; Coram, Rita; Riezebos, Robert K; Donnino, Robert M; Guyton, Robert; Harrington, Robert; Malecki, Robert; Favaloro, Roberto René; Elliott, Robyn; Lima, Rodolfo G S D; Tandon, Rohit; Doerr, Rolf; Tewari, Roma; Wald, Ron; Hu, Rongrong; Collins, Rory; Mehran, Roxana; Senior, Roxy; Baleón-Espinosa, Rubén; Ramos, Ruben; Ferreira, Rui; Kirby, Ruth; Pérez-Fernández, Ruth; Ramakrishnan, S; Dwivedi, S K; Lubna, Sadath; Ahmed, Sadiq; Govindan, Sajeev Chakanalil; Alfalahi, Salamah; Cruz-Flores, Salvador; Costa, Salvatore P; Setty, Sampoornima; Nwosu, Samuel; Mahajan, Sandeep; Seth, Sandeep; Singh, Sandeep; Niehe, Sander R; Carr, Sandy; Ogrizovic, Sanja Simic; Ogrizovic, Sanja; Gulati, Sanjeev; Sharma, Sanjeev; Fernandez, Sara; Williams, Sarah; Ralhan, Sarju; Kedev, Sasko; Singh, Satinder; Sankaranarayanan, Satish; Manjunath, Satvic Cholenahally; Lee, Sau; Thaxton, Schawana; O'Brien, Sean M; Sobczak, Sebastian; Nour, Seema; Sayganov, Sergey A; Bravo Baptista, Sérgio; Draibe, Sergio; Sokol, Seth; Chandra, Sharad; Mackedanz, Shari; Goodman, Shaun; Shirazian, Shayan; Karwa, Sheetal Rupesh; Ussery, Sheri; Bajaj, Sheromani; Heydari, Shirin; Choudhary, Shiv Kumar; Patel, Shivali; Pandey, Shruti; Zhang, Shuyang; Gadage, Siddharth; Tan, Sik-Yin V; Poletti, Sílvia Zottis; Valbuena, Silvia; Savaris, Simone; Yakubov, Solomon; Zhu, Songlin; Gupta, Sonika; Brener, Sorin; Gurunathan, Sothinathan; Nayak, Soundarya; Reddy, Sowjanya; Cobos, Stanley E; Weikl, Stefan; Lane, Stephanie M; Ferket, Stephanie; Mavromichalis, Stephanie; Fremes, Stephen; Fein, Steven A; Sedlis, Steven P; Giovannone, Steven; Weitz, Steven; Banerjee, Subhash; Hegde, Sudhanva S; Hosino, Suellen; Mookherjee, Sulagna; Singh, Suman; Abeygunasekara, Sumith; Mishra, Sundeep; Verma, Sunil Kumar; Kumar, Suresh; Narayanappa, Suryaprakash; Milbrandt, Susan K; Silva, Susana; Stevens, Susanna; Kolhe, Suvarna; Tavares, Suzana; Welsh, Suzanne; Kishore, T A; Colaiácovo Soares, Tamara; Pillay, Tapan Umesh; Rashid, Tarek; Mittal, Tarun K; Duarte, Tauane Bello; Dutoiu, Téodora; Delgadillo, Teresa; Chua, Terrance; Welch, Terrance; Kofidis, Theodoros; Lefevre, Thierry; Silva, Tiago; Boros, Timea; Lau, Titus; Formisano, Tiziana; Ciurus, Tomasz; Tarchalski, Tomasz; Tan, Tracy; Lingaraj, Umesh; Bahl, V K; Narain, V S; Pellu, Valentina; Lobo, Valentine; Robesyn, Valerie; Yadav, Vandana; Gupta, Veerabhadra; Mathew, Verghese; Miro, Vicente; Gumerova, Victoria; Hernandez, Victoria; Kher, Vijay; Kumar, Vijay; Makkar, Vikas; Reddy, Vikranth; Bulkley, Viktoria; David, Vinoi George; Misra, Virendra; Fernández-Figares, Virginia; Ryasniansky, Vladimir; Giga, Vojislav L; Almahmeed, Wael A; Chan, Wan Xian; Marfori, Wanda C; Parker, Wanda; Pennachi, Wayne; Lau, Wei Ling; Xing, Weibing; Bian, Weijing; Stewart, Wendy L; Drewes, Wendy; Hueb, Whady; Weintraub, William; Sia, Winnie C; Flores-Ríos, Xacobe; Ma, Xiang; Gu, Xiangqiong; Li, Xiaomei; Xu, Xiaoyi; Fu, Xin; Li, Xuemei; Wang, Xutong; Pépin-Dubois, Yanek; Arbel, Yaron; Han, Yechen; Lit, Yiming; Sia, Ying Tung; Wang, Ying; Yang, Yining; Ma, Yitong; Peralta, Yolayfi; Smets, Yves; Taul, Yvonne; Kudzoeva, Zalina; Markovic, Zeljko Z; Liu, Zhangsuo; Liu, Zhenyu; Ye, Zhiming; Yu, Zixiang; Davidovits, Zoltan; Petronijevic, Zvezdana
BACKGROUND:Clinical trials that have assessed the effect of revascularization in patients with stable coronary disease have routinely excluded those with advanced chronic kidney disease. METHODS:We randomly assigned 777 patients with advanced kidney disease and moderate or severe ischemia on stress testing to be treated with an initial invasive strategy consisting of coronary angiography and revascularization (if appropriate) added to medical therapy or an initial conservative strategy consisting of medical therapy alone and angiography reserved for those in whom medical therapy had failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. A key secondary outcome was a composite of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. RESULTS:At a median follow-up of 2.2 years, a primary outcome event had occurred in 123 patients in the invasive-strategy group and in 129 patients in the conservative-strategy group (estimated 3-year event rate, 36.4% vs. 36.7%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79 to 1.29; P = 0.95). Results for the key secondary outcome were similar (38.5% vs. 39.7%; hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.29). The invasive strategy was associated with a higher incidence of stroke than the conservative strategy (hazard ratio, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.52 to 9.32; P = 0.004) and with a higher incidence of death or initiation of dialysis (hazard ratio, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.11; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS:Among patients with stable coronary disease, advanced chronic kidney disease, and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; ISCHEMIA-CKD ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01985360.).
PMID: 32227756
ISSN: 1533-4406
CID: 5451232

Initial Invasive or Conservative Strategy for Stable Coronary Disease

Maron, David J; Hochman, Judith S; Reynolds, Harmony R; Bangalore, Sripal; O'Brien, Sean M; Boden, William E; Chaitman, Bernard R; Senior, Roxy; López-Sendón, Jose; Alexander, Karen P; Lopes, Renato D; Shaw, Leslee J; Berger, Jeffrey S; Newman, Jonathan D; Sidhu, Mandeep S; Goodman, Shaun G; Ruzyllo, Witold; Gosselin, Gilbert; Maggioni, Aldo P; White, Harvey D; Bhargava, Balram; Min, James K; Mancini, G B John; Berman, Daniel S; Picard, Michael H; Kwong, Raymond Y; Ali, Ziad A; Mark, Daniel B; Spertus, John A; Krishnan, Mangalath N; Elghamaz, Ahmed; Moorthy, Nagaraja; Hueb, Whady A; Demkow, Marcin; Mavromatis, Kreton; Bockeria, Olga; Peteiro, Jesus; Miller, Todd D; Szwed, Hanna; Doerr, Rolf; Keltai, Matyas; Selvanayagam, Joseph B; Steg, P Gabriel; Held, Claes; Kohsaka, Shun; Mavromichalis, Stavroula; Kirby, Ruth; Jeffries, Neal O; Harrell, Frank E; Rockhold, Frank W; Broderick, Samuel; Ferguson, T Bruce; Williams, David O; Harrington, Robert A; Stone, Gregg W; Rosenberg, Yves; Ricci, Joseph; Tello Montoliu, A; Robero Aniorte, A I; Mulder, Abbey; Laddu, Abhay A; Goyal, Abhinav; Dubey, Abhishek; Goyal, Abhishek; Knighton, Abigail; Oomman, Abraham; Jaskowiak, Adam J; Kolodziej, Adam; Witkowski, Adam; Hameed, Adnan; Anesini, Adriana; Hussain, Afshan; Juceviciene, Agne; Urboniene, Agne; Jakal, Agnes; Szramowska, Agnieszka; Khairuddin, Ahmad; Abdel-Latif, Ahmed; Adel, Ahmed; Aljzeeri, Ahmed; Kamal, Ahmed; Talaat, Ahmed; Mann, Aimee; Contreras, Aira; Kumar, Ajit; Kumar, V K; Furukawa, Akemi; Bagai, Akshay; Smigelskaite, Akvile; Furber, Alain; Rheault, Alain; Loehr, Alaine Melanie; Rosen, Alan; Varga, Albert; Qelaj, Albertina; Barioli, Alberto; Russo, Aldo; Moorman, Alec; Gisbert, Alejandro; Fratczak, Aleksandra; Laucevicius, Aleksandras; Kuleshova, Alena; Sionis, Alessandro; Sirker, Alexander A; Chernyavskiy, Alexander M; Craft, Alexandra; Vazquez, Alexandra; Ciappina Hueb, Alexandre; Colafranseschi, Alexandre S; Schaan de Quadros, Alexandre; Tognon, Alexandre; Alghamdi, Ali; Manica Muller, Alice; Nogueira Rabaça, Aline; Peixoto Deiro, Aline; Hallam, Alison; Stone, Allegra; Schley, Allison; Castro, Almudena; Rabelo Ales, Alvaro; Germann, Amanda; O'Malley, Amanda; Uxa, Amar; Ojajuni, Amarachi; Oliveira, Amarino C Jr; Hull, Amber B; Roy, Ambuj; Zarka, Amer; Janmohamed, Amir; Brown, Ammani; Malinay, Ammy; Martinez Monzonis, Amparo; Richards, Amy J; Iskandrian, Amy; Ollinger, Amy; Djordjevic-Dikic, Ana D; Fernández Martínez, Ana; Gomes Almeida, Ana; Batista, Ana Paula; Francisco, Ana Rita; Mladenovic, Ana S; Santana, Ana; Siddiqui, Anam; Kuzmina-Krutetskaya, Anastasia M; Vertes, Andras; Sousa, Andre S; Gabriel, Andre; Schmidt, André; Lundeen, Andrea M; Bartykowszki, Andrea; Lorimer, Andrea; Mortara, Andrea; Pascual, Andrea; Coelho, Andreia; Rocha, Andreia; García-Rincón, Andrés; Howarth, Andrew G; Moriarty, Andrew J; Docherty, Andrew; Starovoytov, Andrew; Zurick, Andrew; Łabyk, Andrzej; Swiatkowski, Andrzej; Lam, Andy; Kawakami, Anelise; Hoye, Angela; Kim, Angela; Smit, Angelique; Nobre, Angelo; Shah, Anil V; Ljubez, Anja; Anand, Anjali; Sachdeva, Ankush; Greenberg, Ann; Luyten, Ann; Ostrander, Ann; Di Donato, Anna; Cichocka-Radwan, Anna; Fojt, Anna; Plachcinska, Anna; Proietti, Anna; Teresinska, Anna; Webb, Anne Marie; Cartwright, Anne; Heath, Anne; Mackin, Anne; Amaritakomol, Anong; Chaiyasri, Anong; Chauhan, Anoop; Mathew, Anoop; Gemignani, Anthony; Andres, Anto Luigi; Vega, Antonia; Hansen, Antonietta; Iglesias, Antonino Ginel; Carvalho, Antonio Carlos; Di Chiara, Antonio; Serra Peñaranda, Antonio; Carvalho, Antonio; Colombo, Antonio; Fiarresga, Antonio; Rao, Anupama; Valdespino-Estrada, Aquiles; Boan, Araceli; Ishani, Areef; Diaz, Ariel; Ghosh, Arijit; Prommintikul, Arintaya; Roberts, Arline; Seto, Arnold H; Good, Arnold P; Quyyumi, Arshed; Labovitz, Arthur J; Kerner, Arthur; Campos-Santaolalla, Arturo S; Misra, Arunima; Mukherjee, Ashok; Seth, Ashok; Seedhom, Ashraf; Cheema, Asim N; Ahmed, Asker; Mathur, Atul; Verma, Atul; Leong, Audrey W; Åkerblom, Axel; Fuentes, Axelle; Naher, Aynun; Valaiyapathi, Badhma; Kaur, Baljeet; Guruge, Bandula; Brzezińska, Barbara; Nardi, Barbara; Czarniak, Bartosz; Singh, Bebek; Igual, Begoña; Merkely, Bela; Alvarez, Belen Cid; Spooner, Benjamin J; Chow, Benjamin J W; Cheong, Benjamin; Shah, Benoy N; de Bruyne, Bernard; Valecka, Bernardas; Jäger, Bernhard; Archer, Beth A; Abramson, Beth; Jorgenson, Beth; Harvey, Bethany; O'Neal, Betsy; Atkinson, Bev; Bozek, Bev; Lang, Bevin; Sasidharan, Bijulal; Yang, Bin; Zhang, Bin; Kurian, Binoy Mannekkattukudy; Goebel, Bjoern; Hu, Bob; Popescu, Bogdan A; Crnokrak, Bogdan; Zhu, Bolin; Kirby, Bonnie J; Zimbelman, Brandi D; Starks, Brandy; Beleslin, Branko D; Hart, Brenda; Shapiro, Brian P; McCandless, Brian; Wisniewski, Brianna; Smith, Brigham R; Mirrer, Brooks; McManus, Bruce; Rutkin, Bruce; Paulino, Bruna Edilena; Ascoli, Bruna Maria; Smith, Bryn; Allen, Byron J; Gibson, C Michael; Bairey Merz, C Noel; Pop, Calin; Hague, Cameron; Thais de Ormundo, Camila; Gopaul, Candace; Edillo, Candice P; Polanczyk, Carísi A; Krannila, Carita; Vicente, Carla; Gagné, Carl-Éric; Briguori, Carlo; Peña Gil, Carlos; Alvarez, Carlos; Ohmart, Carly; Beladan, Carmen C; Ginghina, Carmen; Kartje, Carol M; Alsweiler, Caroline; Brown, Caroline; Callison, Caroline; Pinheiro, Caroline; Rodgers, Caroline; Spindler, Caroline; Corbett, Carolyn; Drum, Carrie; Riedberger, Casey; Bone, Catherine; Fleming, Catherine; Gordon, Catherine; Jahrsdorfer, Catherine; Lemay, Catherine; Weick, Catherine; Patten, Cathrine; Goletto, Cecilia; Kepka, Cezary; Suvarna, Chandini; Xu, Chang; Mercure, Chantale; Viljoen, Charle A; Wiyarand, Charlene; Jia-Yin Hou, Charles; Lui, Charles Y; Cannan, Charles; Cornet, Charles; Pirro, Charlotte; Rimsukcharoenchai, Chataroon; Wang, Chen; Tsai, Cheng-Ting; Chien, Chen-Yen; Allardyce, Cheryl A; Hedgepeth, Chester M; Patel, Chetan; Attanasio, Chiara; Yen, Chih-Hsuan; Chow, Chi-Ming; Er, Ching Min; Ong, Ching-Ching; Manjunath, Cholenahally Nanjappa; Beck, Chris; Buller, Chris; Vassaliere, Christel; Hamm, Christian; Caldeira, Christiano; Ballantyne, Christie; Björklund, Christina; Hinton, Christine R; Bergeron, Christine; Masson, Christine; Roraff, Christine; Shelley, Christine; Laure, Christophe; Thuaire, Christophe; Kinsey, Christopher; McFarren, Christopher; Spizzieri, Christopher; Travill, Christopher; Liu, Chun-Chieh; Hung, Chung-Lieh; Li, Chunguang; Yun, Chun-Ho; Xia, Chunli; Heard, Ciarra; Schultz, Cidney; Venn-Edmonds, Clare; Hochberg, Claudia P; Wegmayr, Claudia; Cortés, Claudia; Escobar, Claudia; Freixo, Cláudia; Mesquita, Claudio T; Kadalie, Clemens T; Berry, Colin; Philander, Constance; Thobois, Corine; Costantini, Costantino; Page, Courtney; Atkinson, Craig; Barr, Craig; Paterson, Craig; Bare, Cristina; Baumann, Cynthia; Burman, Cynthia; Espinosa, Dalisa; Collison, Damien; Deleanu, Dan; Elian, Dan; Gao, Dan; Oliver, Dana; Vezina, Daniel P; O'Rourke, Daniel; Komar, Daniele; Schade, Danielle; Francis, Darrel P; Malaev, Dastan; Bull, David A; Winchester, David E; Faxon, David P; Booth, David; Cohen, David; DeMets, David; Foo, David; Schlichting, David; Taggart, David; Waters, David; Wohns, David; Vo, Davis; Teodorczyk, Dawid; Shelstad, Dawn; Turnbull, Dawn; Li, Dayuan; Kereiakes, Dean; O'Neill, Deborah; Yip, Deborah; Johnson, Debra K; Dees, Debra; Bhatt, Deepak L; Gopal, Deepika; Kumar, Deepti; Mattina, Deirdre; Murphy, Deirdre; Small, Delano R; Rose, Delsa K; Jiang, Dengke; Phaneuf, Denis Carl; Braganza, Denise; Fine, Denise; Cyr, Derek; Tobin, Desiree; Cukali, Diana; Parra, Diana; Camara, Diane; Minshall Liu, Diane; Vences, Diego Adrián; Franca de Cunha, Diego; Stournaras, Dimitrios; Patel, Dipti; Li, Dongze; Exley, Donna; Grahl, Dorit; Stanojevic, Dragana; Cacela, Duarte; Conway, Dwayne S G; Bermudez, E Pinar; Punnoose, Eapen; Tay, Edgar L; Karanjah, Edgar; Verna, Edoardo; Hernandez-Rangel, Eduardo; Nicol, Edward D; McFalls, Edward O; Martin, Edward T; Kaczmarska, Edyta; Lubinskaya, Ekaterina I; Demchenko, Elena A; Refoyo Salicio, Elena; Feen, Eli; Durán-Cortés, Elihú; Janzen, Elisabeth M; Hannemann, Elise L; Dongen, Elise van; Piloto, Elissa Restelli; Kaplan, Eliza; Srbinovska Kostovska, Elizabeta; Capasso-Gulve, Elizabeth; Congdon, Elizabeth; Ferguson, Elizabeth; Zbyshevskaya, Elizaveta V; Magedanz, Ellen; Fridell, Ellie; Lader, Ellis W; Kedhi, Elvin; Racca, Emanuela; Tachot, Emilie; DeRosa, Emily; Alonso-Álvarez, Encarnación; Nicollet, Eric; Peterson, Eric; Rosas, Erick Alexánderson; Morales, Erick Donato; Orvis, Erin; Moga, Ermina; Montpetit, Estelle; Figueiredo, Estevao; Passamani, Eugene; Nikolsky, Eugenia; Yeoh, Eunice; Kretov, Evgeniy I; Szczerba, Ewa; Wojtala, Ewelina; Ribeiro Silva, Expedito Eustáquio; Ortuño, F Marin; Farias, Fabio R; Fimiani, Fabio; Rolfo, Fabrizio; Yu, Fa-Chang; Hage, Fadi; Matar, Fadi; Haider Jafary, Fahim; Feng, Fang; Liu, Fang; Ranjbaran, Fatima; Rodriguez, Fatima; Pinto, Fausto J; Rashid, Fauzia; Ramani, Federica; Wang, Fei; Igansi, Fernanda; Silva, Filipa; Ottani, Filippo; Haines, Fiona; Al Solaiman, Firas; Egydio, Flávia; Lyra, Flavio; Egger, Florian; Farquharson, Fran; Laube, Frances; Carreras Costa, Francesc; de Micco, Francesca; Bianchini, Francesca; Pezzetta, Francesca; Pietrucci, Francesca; Orso, Francesco; Pisano, Francesco; Burt, Francis; Patuleia Figueiras, Francisca; Fernandez-Aviles, Francisco; Mongeon, Francois Pierre; Van de Werf, Frans; Guenther, Franziska; Witherow, Fraser N; Mohr, Fred; Dall'Orto, Frederico; Otsuka, Fumiyuki; De La Morena, G; Karthikeyan, G; Dekany, Gabor; Kerecsen, Gabor; Galeote, Gabriel; Grossmann, Gabriel; Vorobiof, Gabriel; Sanchez de Souza, Gabriela; Guzman, Gabriela; Zeballos, Gabriela; Gabrielli, Gabriele; Jakl-Kotauschek, Gabriele; Shammas, Gail A; Brandt, Gail; Chen, Gang; Lane, Gary E; Luckasen, Gary J; Sharma, Gautam; Mikolaitiene, Gelmina; Yee, Gennie; Nickenig, Georg; Revtyak, George E; Juang, George J; Fletcher, Gerald; Leonard, Gerald; Devlin, Gerard Patrick; Esposito, Gerard; Ágoston, Gergely; Lamas, Gervasio; Fontos, Geza; Mikhail, Ghada; Cobb, Gia; Perna, Gian Piero; Leone, Gianpiero; Roditi, Giles; Barone-Rochette, Gilles; Mishra, Girish; Tarantini, Giuseppe; Wong, Glenda; Hamroff, Glenn S; Rayos, Glenn; Cheng, Gong; Barge-Caballero, Gonzalo; Davidović, Goran; Stankovic, Goran; Stevanovic, Gordana; Jingyan Wang, Grace; Young, Grace M; Wayser, Graceanne; Scaro, Graciela; Hillis, Graham S; Wong, Graham; Szulczyk, Grazyna Anna; Simonis, Gregor; Kumkumian, Gregory; Peichel, Gretchen Ann; Gajos, Grzegorz; Steinmaurer, Gudrun; Rucatti, Guilherme G; Portugal, Guilherme; Cantinho Lopes, Guilhermina; Pons Lladó, Guillem; Frostfelt, Gunnar; Wander, Gurpreet S; Gulati, Gurpreet; Pucci, Gustavo; Abd Hadi, Hafidz; Zhang, Haibo; Wang, Haitao; Marciniak, Halina; Chen, Han; Kerr, Hanan; Najm, Hani; Douglas, Hanna; Phillips, Hannah; Dai, Hao; Dong, Haojian; Jamil, Haqeel; Sivadasanpillai, Harikrishnan; Suryapranata, Harry; Reda, Hassan; Pomeroy, Hayley; Barrentine, Heather; Golden, Heather; Hurlburt, Heather; Wilson, Heidi; Tucker, Helen C; Abergel, Helene; Siddaram, Hemalata; Osseni, Hermine; Schuchlenz, Herwig; Zeng, Hesong; Skali, Hicham; Solomon, Hilda; Horton, Hollie; Hetrick, Holly; Little, Holly; Park, Holly; Chi, Hongjie; Mahrous, Hossam; Levite, Howard A; Pejkov, Hristo; Li, Huajun; Bloise-Adames, Hugo; Marques, Hugo; Zhong, Hui; Zhang, Hui-Min; Hashim, Humayrah; Yeh, Hung-I; El Fishawy, Hussien; Webb, Ian; Kullo, Iftikhar; Grazhdankin, Igor O; Hamzeh, Ihab; Hassan, Ikraam; Ueda, Ikuko; Pina, Ileana L; Tamasauskiene, Ilona; Bouwhuis, Ilse; Arif, Imran; Wenzelburger, Ina; Zimbarra Cabrita, Inês; Rodrigues, Ines; Robbins, Inga H; Soveri, Inga; Schnittger, Ingela; Karimullah, Iqbal; Dauber, Ira M; Rehman, Iram; Peovska Mitevska, Irena; Marthe Lang, Irene; Subbotina, Irina; Kalibataite-Rutkauskiene, Irma; Yusnida, Irni; Carvajal, Isabel Estela; Palazzo, Isabella C; Hogan, Isabelle; Roy, Isabelle; Syed, Ishba; Tejani, Ishita; Naryshkin, Ivan A; Jankovic, Ivana; Niedzwiecka, Iwona; Knight, J David; Kusmierek, Jacek; White, Jackie M; Chow, Jackie; Udell, Jacob; Tamis-Holland, Jacqueline E; Fannon, Jacqueline; Quin, Jacquelyn A; Do, Jacquelyn; Heo, Jaekyeong; Maksym, Jakub; Davies, James E; O'Keefe, James H Jr; Jang, James J; Cha, James; Harrison, James; Hirsch, James; Stafford, James; Tatoulis, James; Rankin, Jamie; Henzel, Jan; Orga, Jan; Tancredi, Jana; Oliveira, Janaina; Burton, Jane; Eckstein, Jane; Marucci, Jane; Knight, Janet P; Blount, Janet; Halliday, Janet; Kourzenkova, Janetta; Raj, Janitha; Sinning, Jan-Malte; Pozzibon, Jaqueline; Drozdz, Jaroslaw; Karwowski, Jaroslaw; Glover, Jason D; Kwok, Jason Loh; Call, Jason T; Linefsky, Jason; Gomes, Jassira; Anumpa, Jati; Garcia, Javier J; Courtis, Javier; Meisner, Jay; Jayakumar, K; Scales, Jayne; Denaro, Jean E; Juliard, Jean Michel; Ho, Jean; Stansborough, Jeanette K; Juliard, Jean-Michel; Russo, Jeanne; Schoep, Jeannette J M; Thambyrajah, Jeet; Leimberger, Jeff; Breall, Jeffery A; Kohn, Jeffrey A; Milliken, Jeffrey C; Anderson, Jeffrey; Blume, Jeffrey; Kanters, Jeffrey; Lorin, Jeffrey; Moses, Jeffrey; Stepanovic, Jelena J; Celutkiene, Jelena; Djokic, Jelena; Stojkovic, Jelena; Jose, Jenne M; Manchery, Jenne; Mull, Jennifer A; Czerniak, Jennifer H; Stanford, Jennifer L; Gillis, Jennifer; Horst, Jennifer; Isaacs, Jennifer; Langdon, Jennifer; Thomson, Jennifer; Tomfohr, Jennifer; White, Jennifer; Kuo, Jen-Yuan; Rautureau, Jeremy; Fleg, Jerome; Berg, Jessica; Rodriguez, Jessica; Waldron, Jessica; Patro, Jhina; Li, Jia; Mao, Jiajia; Liu, Jiamin; Wang, Jian'an; Li, Jianhua; Zhang, Jianxin; Qi, Jie; Lyo, Jihyun; Marcus, Jill; Blankenship, Jim; Zhang, Jing; Liu, Jingjing; Fan, Jing-Yao; Li, Jiun-Yi; Pradhan, Jiwan; Chen, Jiyan; Rivera Caravaca, J M; Evans, Jo; Garcia Picart, Joan; Hecht, Joan; Jaroch, Joanna; Zalewska, Joanna; Kelly, Joanne; Taaffe, Joanne; Abbud, João Reynaldo; Vitola, João V; Peñafiel, Joaquín V; Benatar, Jocelyne; Bindeman, Jody; Sabik, Joe; Klitch, Joel; Christopher, Johann; Aspberg, Johannes; Friedman, John D; Beltrame, John F; Heitner, John F; Graham, John Joseph; Davies, John R; Doan, John; Kotter, John; Kurian, John; Mukai, John; Pownall, John; Sobolewska, Jolanta; Kobashigawa, Jon; Goldberg, Jonathan L; Bazeley, Jonathan W; Byrne, Jonathan; Himmelfarb, Jonathan; Leipsic, Jonathan; Thorsen, Jonean; Trejo Gutierrez, Jorge F; Escobedo, Jorge; Timmer, Jorik; Ortega-Ramírez, José A; Marin-Neto, José Antonio; Salas, Jose D; Castillo, Jose Enrique; Saraiva, Jose Francisco; Cuenca-Castillo, José J; Diez, Jose L; Narro Villanueva, José Luis; da Vieira, José Luiz; Flores-Palacios, José M; Gonzalez, Jose Ramon; Seijas Amigo, Jose; Fragata, Jose; Padró, Josep Maria; McGarvey, Josheph F X Jr; Hannan, Joseph; Sacco, Joseph; Sweeny, Joseph; Wiesel, Joseph; Abraham, Josephine D; Loh, Joshua P; Burkhardt, Joy; White, Joyce R; Riestenberg-Smith, Joyce; Sebo, Judit; Meadows, Judith L; Wright, Judith; Foltz, Judy Mae; Hung, Judy; Otis, Judy; Stumpf, Juergen; Tsai, Jui-Peng; Dionne, Julia S; de Aveiro Morata, Julia; Bunke, Julie; Morrow, Julie; Figal, Julio César; Fujita, Jun; Jiang, Jun; Li, Junhua; Yang, Junqing; Euathrongchit, Juntima; Garg, Jyotsna; Manjula Rani, K; Preethi, K; Goetschalckx, Kaatje; Eggers, Kai; Surineni, Kamalakar; Hirase, Kanae; Kapilamoorthy, T R; Calfas, Karen; Gratrix, Karen; Hallett, Karen; Hultberg, Karen; Nugent, Karen; Petrosyan, Karen; Swan, Karen; Kryczka, Karolina; Wojtczak-Soska, Karolina; Wojtera, Karolina; Lenk, Karsten; Ramasamy, Karthik; Łuczak, Katarzyna; Malinowska, Katarzyna; Pointon, Kate; Robb, Kate; Martin, Katherine; Claes, Kathleen; Carruthers, Kathryn; Siegel, Kathy E; Drouin, Katia; Fowler-Lehman, Katie; Rawat, Kavita; Rowe, Kay; Fukuda, Keiichi; Fox, Keith A A; Mahaffey, Ken; Unterbrink, Kendra; Giedd, Kenneth; Van Loo, Kerrie; Lee, Kerry; Bonin, Kerstin; Bainey, Kevin R; Harley, Kevin T; Anstrom, Kevin; Chan, Kevin; Croce, Kevin; Landolfo, Kevin; Marzo, Kevin; Patel, Keyur; Abdul-Nour, Khaled; Alfakih, Khaled; Dajani, Khaled; Ziada, Khaled; Baloch, Khaula; Kushniriuk, Khrystyna; Poh, Kian-Keong; Ireland, Kim F; Holland, Kim; Byrne, Kimberly Ann; Halverson, Kimberly E; Elmore, Kimberly; Miller-Cox, Kimberly; Reddy, Kiran; Quiles, Kirsten J; Abercrombie, Kirsty; Matschke, Klaus; Szymczyk, Konrad; Chan, Koo Hui; Preethi, Kotiboinna; Sokhon, Kozhaya; Meemuk, Krissada; Thygesen, Kristian; Salmi, Kristin M; Newby, Kristin; Wippler, Kristina; Arges, Kristine; Teoh, Kristine; Etherington, Krystal; Łoboz-Grudzień, Krystyna; Reczuch, Krzysztof W; Bury, Krzysztof; Drzymalski, Krzysztof; Kukuła, Krzysztof; Sung, Kuo-Tzu; Huber, Kurt; Douangvila, Ladda; Sullenberger, Lance; Trama, Larissa Miranda; Matics, Laszlone; Drew, Laura; Flint, Laura; Keinaite, Laura; Sarti, Laura; Kolakaluri, Laurel; Phillips, Lawrence M; Friedman, Lawrence; Phillips, Lawrence; Velicki, Lazar; Howell, Leah; Maranan, Leandro C; Cox, Leanne; Daba, Ledjalem; Zhang, Lei; Dharmarajan, Lekshmi; Bockeria, Leo; Pizzol Caetano, Leonardo; Bridi, Leonardo; Bershtein, Leonid L; Sokalski, Leszek; Yan, Li Hai; Li, Li; Nijmeijer, Lia; Sousa, Lidia; Xu, Lihong; Zhang, Lihua; Zhang, Lili; Schiavi, Lilia; Barbosa, Lilian Mazza; Khor, Lillian L; Felix-Stern, Lina; Hall, Linda L; Hollenweger, Linda M; Arcand, Linda; Davidson-Ray, Linda; Schwarz, Linda; Sikora, Lindsey N; Chi, Lingping; Patricio, Lino; Zhang, Liping; Chaytor, Lisa; Hatch, Lisa; McCloy, Lisa; Wong, Lisa; Persson, Liselotte; Jiang, Lixin; Low, Liz; Pupic, Ljiljana; Bière, Loïc; Monti, Lorenzo; Christensen, Lori; Pritchard, Lori; Black, Loriane; Desimone, Lori-Ann; Larmand, Lori-Ann; McGregor, Lorraine; Morby, Louise; Thomson, Louise; Harvey, Luc; de Pádua Baptista, Luciana; Garcia, Lucilla; Eliahou, Ludivine; Helmer, Ludmila; Smidt, Luis F; Bernanrdes, Luis; Guzman, Luis; Carvalho, Luiz A; Xiong, Luyang; Teo, Lynette L; Neeson, Lynn M; Winstanley, Lynne; Srichai-Parsia, M Barbara; Quintana Giner, M; Sowjanya Reddy, M; Valdés Chávarri, M; Grazia Rossi, M; Simoons, Maarten; Konigstein, Maayan; Lesiak, Maciej; Olsowka, Maciej; Selas, Mafalda; Corfias, Magalie; Madero Rovalo, Magdalena; Łanocha, Magdalena; Miller, Magdalena; Misztal-Teodorczyk, Magdalena; Rantinella, Magdalena; Abdelhamid, Magdy; Jimenez, Magnolia; Alam, Mahboob; Mylarappa, Mahevamma; El Shahawy, Mahfouz; Mohamed, Mahmoud; Al-Bustami, Mahmud; Joseph, Majo X; Frach, Malgorzata; Celińska-Spodar, Małgorzta; Helm, Malte; Chacko, Manas; Murphy, Mandy; Vinod, Manitha; Rani, Manjula; Dhawan, Manu; Mombelli, Manuela; Weber, Marcel; Galvani, Marcello; Rodrigues, Marcelo Jamus; Dubin, Marcia F; Werner Bayer, Marcia F; Szkopiak, Marcin; Monsalve, Marco Antonio; Santos, Marco Bizzaro; Magnoni, Marco; Marini, Marco; Sicuro, Marco; Zenati, Marco; Coimbra Resende, Marcos Valério; Roik, Marek; Bentzvi, Margalit; Gilsenan, Margaret; Iraola, Margaret; Quinn, Margot C; Alfonso, Maria A; Pereira Moraes, Maria Antonieta; Martínez-Ruíz, María Dolores; Canales, María Fernanda; Caetano, Maria Inês; Corral, Maria P; Pérez García, Maria; Actis, Maria Victoria; Aguirre, Maria; Andreasson, Maria; Aprile, Maria; Colton, Maria; Martin, Maria Eugenia; Lasala, Maria; Lorenzo, Maria; Posada, Maria; Shier, Maria; Thottam, Maria; Furtado, Mariana V; Okada, Mariana Yumi; Dracoulakis, Marianna D A; De Andrade, Marianne; Rubio, Mariano; Essermark, Marie; Scherrer-Crosbie, Marielle; Petrovic, Marija T; Zdravkovic, Marija; Black, Marilyn; Garcia, Marina; Garcia, Mario J; Szulik, Mariola; Orgera, Marisa; de Belder, Mark A; Harbinson, Mark; Hyun, Mark; Peterson, Mark; Xavier, Mark; Mosley, Marlowe; Capinha, Marta; Marcinkiewicz-Siemion, Marta; Swiderek, Marta; Meyer, Martha; Ceseri, Martina; Tricoli, Martina; Kronenberg, Marvin; Williams, Mary; Champagne, Mary Ann; Rogge, Mary Colleen; Soltau, Mary R; Streif, Mary; Villella, Massimo; Leesar, Massoud; Claudia, Matei; Solecki, Mateusz; Mungo, Matías Nicolás; Wall, Matthew Jr; Budoff, Matthew; Jezior, Matthew; Luckie, Matthew; Friedrich, Matthias; Haeffner, Mauren P; Tscharre, Maximilian; Winter, Max-Paul; Almeida, Mayana; Krishnam, Mayil S; Patel, Mayuri; Mishra, Meenakshi; Manocchia, Megan; Kakade, Meghana; Munro, Melanie J; Chaplin, Melissa D; LeFevre, Melissa; Andiapen, Mervyn; Gibson, Michael A; Rubens, Michael B; Turner, Michael C; Shapiro, Michael D; Lee, Michael W; Berlowitz, Michael; Davidson, Michael; Mack, Michael; McDaniel, Michael; Mumma, Michael; Wlodarczyk, Michal; Khouri, Michel G; Slama, Michel S; Rawlins, Michele; Bonner, Michelle M; Seib, Michelle M; Chang, Michelle; Crowder, Michelle; Dixon, Michelle; Mayon, Michelle; McEvoy, Michelle; Yee, Michelle; Fernandes, Miguel M; Nobre Menezes, Miguel; Souto Bayarri, Miguel; Barrero, Miguel; Torosoff, Mikhail T; Dobric, Milan R; Dobric, Milan; Dekleva, Milica Nikola; Gadkari, Milind Avdhoot; Gomez, Millie; Kyaw, Min Tun; Brooks, Miriam; Stevo Martinovic, Miroslav; Lustre, Mitchel B; Vakani, Mohammad Tariq; El-Hajjar, Mohammad; Al-Amoodi, Mohammed; Hussain, Mohammed; Saleem, Mohammed; Blanco-Calvo, Moisés; Jiménez-Santos, Moisés; Bhatia, Mona; Rosca, Monica; Laukyte, Monika; Gracida Blanca, Montserrat; Vila Perales, Montserrat; Al-Mallah, Mouaz H; de Oliveira Filho, Moysés; Ntsekhe, Mpiko; Saric, Muhamed; Chen, Mulei; Brousseau, Myriam; Takiuti, Myrthes Emy; Cemerlic-Adjic, Nada; Asif, Nadia; Gakou, Nadia; Hussain, Nafisa; Katamadze, Nana O; Clapp, Nancy L; Aedy, Nancy; Nataraj, Nandita; Wenger, Nanette K; Uchida, Naomi; Ismail, Nasrul; Oliveira, Natalia S; de Carvalho Maffei, Natalia; Spitzer, Natalie; Putnam, Natasha C; Aslam, Naved; Mowafy, Neamat; Pandit, Neeraj; Parakh, Neeraj; Garcevic, Nevena; Meadows, Ngaire; Tran, Nhi N; Danchin, Nicholas; Lakeman, Nicki; Johnston, Nicola; Shammas, Nicolas W; Saint Vrestil, Nicole; Deming, Nicole; Zhong, Nier; Patel, Niket; Boskovic, Nikola N; Karogiannis, Nikolaos; Werner, Nikos; Johnston, Nina; Zhang, Ning; Zhou, Ning; Hindoyan, Niree; Kumar, Nirmal; Chadha, Nitika; Naik, Nitish; Aripova, Nodira; Mtana, Noloyiso; Eskelson, Nona A; Mokhtar, Noor Syamira; Taksaudom, Noppon; Basri, Nor Asiah; Marchelletta, Nora; Hogg, Norma; Jungla, Nungshi; Ferreira, Nuno; Lubyanaya, Oksana A; Nikolaeva, Olga B; Cañavate, Olga; Sobrino, Olga; Walesiak, Olga; Walter, Olga; Zdończyk, Olga; Lim, Olivia J; Anaya, Olivia; Mancilla, Olivia; Dubourg, Olivier; Bello, Olugbenga; Almousalli, Omar; Thompson, Omar; Olurinde, Oni; Harel, Or; Raheem, Osama; Méndiz, Oscar; Prada-Delgado, Óscar; Shapira, Oz; Schulze, P Christian; Panpunuan, Pachara; Maurovich-Horvat, Pal; Garg, Pallav; Moraga, Paloma; Singh, Pam; Julian, Pamela; Ouyang, Pamela; Sigel, Pamela; Woodard, Pamela; Zhou, Panpan; Poggio, Paola Emanuela; Smanio, Paola; Calabro, Paolo; Jeetley, Paramjit; Goube, Pascal; Nguyen, Patricia K; Alarie, Patricia; Arakelian, Patricia; Arsenault, Patricia; Blaise, Patricia; Brito, Patricia; Cowper, Patricia; Endsley, Patricia; Mieses, Patricia; Alexander, Patrick B; Donnelly, Patrick; Wilmot, Patrick; Lebioda, Patrycja; Gordon, Paul C; Mesropian, Paul Der; Galiwango, Paul; Hauptman, Paul; Kennedy, Paul; Beardsley, Paula; García-González, Paula; Rezende, Paulo Cury; Caramori, Paulo Ricardo; Kozlov, Pavel S; Canas Silva, Pedro; Melo Barros E Silva, Pedro Gabriel; Píccaro de Oliveira, Pedro; Carvalho, Pedro; Modas, Pedro; Rio, Pedro; Jain, Peeyush; He, Peiyu; McCullough, Peter A; Stone, Peter H; Pollak, Peter M; Douglass, Peter; Henriksen, Peter; OKane, Peter; Ong, Peter; Jones, Philip; Rogal, Philip; Généreux, Philippe; Menasche, Philippe; Rheault, Philippe; Goold, Phoebe; Gervais, Pierre; Michaud, Pierre; Calvillo, Pilar; Chai, Ping; Jakubowski, Piotr; Pruszczyk, Piotr; Slomka, Piotr; Sritara, Piyamitr; Loh, Poay-Huan; Sonawane, Poonam; Samadi, Pouneh; Parikh, Pragnesh P; Deedwania, Prakash; Patel, Pranav M; Polamuri, Praneeth; Sharma, Pratiksha; Vasquez, Precilia; Kamath, Preeti; Thomas, Prince; Arambam, Priyadarshani; Mehta, Puja K; Grant, Purvez; Naik, Pushpa; Zhong, Qi; Zhao, Qian; Zhou, Qiang; Yuan, Qianqian; Yu, Qin; Li, Qingxian; Xie, Qiulan; Zeng, Qiutang; Vindhya, R J; Gerlach, R James; King, Rachel; Vučić, Rada; Lyubarova, Radmila; Pracon, Radoslaw; Fisher, Raewyn; Beyar, Rafael; Diaz, Rafael; Selgas, Rafael; Bugiardini, Raffaele; Fanelli, Raffaele; Kavalakkat, Raisa; Rajalekshmi, V S; Barua, Rajat S; Menon, Rajeev; Nair, Rajesh Gopalan; Francis, Rajesh; Narang, Rajiv; Yadav, Rakesh; Huston, Ralph Alan; Ramakrishnan, T; de Silva, Ramesh; Mahmoud, Rami El; Carvalho, Ramiro; de Jesús-Pérez, Ramon; Stevens, Ramona; Leng, Ran; Kachru, Ranjan; Nath, Ranjit Kumar; Sanchez, Raquel; Dwyer, Raven R; Lee, Raven; Wyman, Ray; Wong, Raymond C; Little, Raymond W; Ocaranza Sanchez, Raymundo; Wimmer, Rebecca J; Bariciano, Rebecca; Otis, Rebecca; Herrmann, Rebekah R; Yunis, Reem; Hampson, Reinette; Karam, Renato Abdala; Hessian, Renee C; Kaneshiro, Renee; Ravindran, Reshma; Gamma, Reto Andreas; Bhandari, Reyna; Arsanjani, Reza; Lopes, Ricardo L; Mendes Oliveira, Ricardo; Costa, Ricardo; Bhatt, Richa; Davies, Richard F; Trimlett, Richard H J; Goldweit, Richard; Hermanides, Rik; Nakanishi, Rine; Sidh, Rinu R; Patel, Risha; Coram, Rita; Siddiqui, Rizwan A; Beanlands, Rob S; Hamburger, Robert J; Riezebos, Robert K; Donnino, Robert M; Bojar, Robert; Chilton, Robert; Guyton, Robert; Henderson, Robert; Kornberg, Robert; Leber, Robert; Mao, Robert; Stenberg, Robert; Santos, Roberta P; Favaloro, Roberto René; Amati, Roberto; Lima, Rodolfo G S D; Cerci, Rodrigo J; Tumelero, Rogerio; Tandon, Rohit; Tewari, Roma; Miranda-Peats, Romalisa; Wald, Ron; Mastouri, Ronald A; Morford, Ronald G; Schwartz, Ronald G; Pedalino, Ronald P; Hu, Rongrong; Hansen, Ronnell A; Cohen, Ronny A; Hachamovitch, Rory; Homem, Rosa; Sandonato, Rosa; Laimer, Rosane; Gans, Rosann; Yost, Roxanne; Mathew, Roy; Baleón-Espinosa, Rubén; Ramos, Ruben; Gevorgyan, Rubine; Ferreira, Rui; Jing, Rui; Pérez-Fernández, Ruth; Dwivedi, S K; Ramakrishnan, S; Khan, Saadat; Bokhari, Sabahat; Thomas, Sabu; Lubna, Sadath; Khan, Sajeeda Parveen; Govindan, Sajeev Chakanalil; Girotra, Saket; Kassam, Saleem; Canada, Sallie; Cruz-Flores, Salvador; Mohamed, Samaa; Ly, Samantha; El Kaffas, Sameh; Massalha, Samia; Setty, Sampoornima; Nwosu, Samuel; Seth, Sandeep; Singh, Sandeep; Niehe, Sander R; Rivest, Sandra M; Zier, Sandra S; Ahoud, Sandra; Carr, Sandy; Ganapathi, Sanjay; Shetty, Sanjay; Sharma, Sanjeev; Jimenez, Santa; Satheesh, Santhosh; Garcia, Santiago A; Fernandez, Sara; Karlsson, Sara; Salkind, Sara; Temiyasathit, Sara; Medina Rodriguez, Sarah; Beaudry, Sarah; Hadjih, Sarah; Williams, Sarah; Zahrani, Sarah; Ralhan, Sarju; Hinic, Sasa; Kedev, Sasko; Singh, Satinder; Yasuda, Satoshi; Manjunath, Satvic Cholenahally; Lee, Sau; Kaczkowski, Scott M; Kinlay, Scott; Hayes, Sean W; Sobczak, Sebastian; Asier, Senait; Sayganov, Sergey A; Sokol, Seth I; Pandie, Shaheen; Yahaya, Shaiful Azmi; Mehta, Shamir; Nie, Shao-Ping; Chandra, Sharad; Islam, Sharder; Tai, Sharon; Karwa, Sheetal Rupesh; Ussery, Sheri; Bajaj, Sheromani; Crook, Sherron C; Nishimura, Shigeyuki; Nakano, Shintaro; Heydari, Shirin; Choudhary, Shiv Kumar; Patel, Shivali; Ganesan, Shobana; Pandey, Shruti; Zhang, Shuyang; Hande, Shweta; Gadage, Siddharth; Tan, Sik-Yin V; Zottis Poletti, Silvia; Riera, Silvia; Valbuena, Silvia; Walsh, Simon; Maspoli, Simona; Savaris, Simone; Feng, Si-Ting; Cho, So Yang; Yakubov, Solomon; Zhu, Songlin; Wang, Songtao; Guerrero, Sonia; Gupta, Sonika; Salinger Martinovic, Sonja; Brons, Sonya; Brener, Sorin; Gurunathan, Sothinathan; Saba, Souheil; Nayak, Soundarya; Reddy, Sowjanya; Potluri, Srinivasa; Sudarshan, Sriram; Kuanprasert, Srun; Van Oosterhout, Stacie; Lerakis, Stamatios; Cobos, Stanley E; Bertog, Stefan C; Simović, Stefan M; Weikl, Stefan; Di Marco, Stefano; Provasoli, Stefano; Tirado, Stephanie A; Boer, Stephanie C; Lane, Stephanie M; Ferket, Stephanie; Kelly, Stephanie; Wasmiller, Stephanie; McKellar, Stephen H; Hoole, Stephen P; Fremes, Stephen; Preston, Stephen; Leung, Steve; Fein, Steven A; Lindsay, Steven J; Sedlis, Steven P; Giovannone, Steven; Michael, Steven; Weitz, Steven; van Vugt, Stijn; Banerjee, Subhash; Naik, Sudhir; Hosino, Suellen; Desire, Sukie; Yamwong, Sukit; Thambar, Suku T; Mookherjee, Sulagna; Singh, Suman; Mishra, Sundeep; Verma, Sunil Kumar; Kulthawong, Supap; Khwakhong, Supatchara; Naik, Surendra; Babu, Suresh; Woragidpoonpol, Surin; Narayanappa, Suryaprakash; Derbyshire, Susan; Gent, Susan; Mathus, Susan; Milbrandt, Susan; Moore, Susan; Regan, Susan; Stinson, Susan; Webber, Susan; Silva, Susana; Stevens, Susanna; Gruensfelder, Susanne; Aramcharoen, Suthara; Kolhe, Suvarna; Tavares, Suzana; Arnold, Suzanne; Welsh, Suzanne; Apostolovic, Svetlana; Kunhunny, Swapna; Hung, Ta-Chuan; Zappernick, Taissa; Sharir, Tali; Silva, Talita; Soares, Tamara Colaiácovo; Pillay, Tapan Umesh; Mittal, Tarun K; Trifonova, Tatiana; Duarte, Tauane Bello; Huk, Tauqir; Dutoiu, Téodora; Chua, Terrance; Weyand, Terry; Charles, Thabitha; Kofidis, Theodoros; McCreary, Theresa; Lefevre, Thierry; Arumairajah, Thippeekaa; Tepsuwan, Thitipong; Mulhearn, Thomas J; Meyer, Thomas M; Rocco, Thomas P; Downes, Thomas R; Crain, Thomas; Haldis, Thomas; Mathew, Thomas; Redick, Thomas; Devi, Thounaojam Indira; Nageh, Thuraia; Cauthren, Tia; Silva, Tiago; Little, Tiffany; Andric, Tijana; Harding, Tina; Lau, Titus; Formisano, Tiziana; Moccetti, Tiziano; Ciurus, Tomasz; Mazurek, Tomasz; Tarchalski, Tomasz; Nagai, Toshiyuki; Tran, Tri; Youn, Tricia; Tucker, Trish; Milner, Trudie; Bose, Tuhina; Kotecha, Tushar; Sechtem, Udo; Valeti, Uma S; Cucchini, Umberto; Badami, Umesh; Kaul, Upendra; Bahl, V K; Narain, V S; Casali, Valentina; Godoy, Valeria; Robesyn, Valerie; Priya, Vamshi P; Yadav, Vandana; McKinney, Vera; De Lenges, Veronica; Tinnirello, Veronica; Miro, Vicente; Navarro, Victor; Gumerova, Victoria; Hernandez, Victoria; Seeratan, Vidya; Kumar, Vijay; Kozulin, Vikentiy Y; Bulkley, Viktoria; Veiga, Vilmar Jr; Setang, Vincent; Vineeth, C P; Pubull Nuñez, Virginai; Fernández-Figares, Virginia; Gomes, Vitor; Gabriel, Viviana; Dos Santos, Viviane; Almeida, Viviane; Iliescu, Vlad A; Mudrenovic, Vladan; Dzavik, Vladimir; Giga, Vojislav L; Mogrovejo, Walter Enrique; Chan, Wan Xian; Marfori, Wanda C; Parker, Wanda; Mekara, Warangkana; Nona, Wassim; Old, Wayne; Pennachi, Wayne; Nawarawong, Weerachai; Chen, Wei; Su, Wei; Xing, Weibing; Lan, Wei-Ren; Crawford, Wenda; Stewart, Wendy L; Drewes, Wendy; Lin, Wenhua; Abernethy, William B; Salerno, William D; Fearon, William F; Vergoni, William; Weintraub, William; Sia, Winnie C; Musial, Wlodzimierz J; Flores-Ríos, Xacobe; Garcia-Moll Marimon, Xavier; Su, Xi; Ma, Xiang; Gu, Xiangqiong; Wang, Xiao; Li, Xiaomei; Yao, Xiaowei; Fu, Xin; Su, Xin; Zeng, Xin; Yang, Xinchun; Li, Xiuhong; Fang, Xuehua; Wang, Xutong; Geng, Yaming; Yan, Yan; Pépin-Dubois, Yanek; Wang, Yanfu; Wang, Yang; Tian, Yanmeng; Huang, Yaping; Han, Yechen; Zambrano, Yesenia; Yang, Yi-Hsuan; Sia, Ying Tung; Yang, Yining; Ma, Yitong; Peralta, Yolayfi; Wu, Yongjian; Kunwu, Yu; Zhao, Yu; Peng, Yudong; Lin, Yueh-Hung; Zhao, Yulan; Dong, Yumei; Zhao, Yunhai; Wannasopha, Yutthaphan; Taul, Yvonne; Sahul, Zakir; Kudzoeva, Zalina; Kalarus, Zbigniew; Markovic, Zeljko Z; Huang, Zhen; Ji, Zheng; Liu, Zhenyu; Yue, Zhou; Zhang, Zhulin; Li, Zhuxi; Singh Meharwal, Zile; Bai, Ziliang; Yu, Zixiang; Huda, Zohra; Davidovits, Zoltan
BACKGROUND:Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, whether clinical outcomes are better in those who receive an invasive intervention plus medical therapy than in those who receive medical therapy alone is uncertain. METHODS:We randomly assigned 5179 patients with moderate or severe ischemia to an initial invasive strategy (angiography and revascularization when feasible) and medical therapy or to an initial conservative strategy of medical therapy alone and angiography if medical therapy failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. A key secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or myocardial infarction. RESULTS:Over a median of 3.2 years, 318 primary outcome events occurred in the invasive-strategy group and 352 occurred in the conservative-strategy group. At 6 months, the cumulative event rate was 5.3% in the invasive-strategy group and 3.4% in the conservative-strategy group (difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 3.0); at 5 years, the cumulative event rate was 16.4% and 18.2%, respectively (difference, -1.8 percentage points; 95% CI, -4.7 to 1.0). Results were similar with respect to the key secondary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction; a secondary analysis yielded more procedural myocardial infarctions of uncertain clinical importance. There were 145 deaths in the invasive-strategy group and 144 deaths in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS:Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. The trial findings were sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction that was used. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; ISCHEMIA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01471522.).
PMID: 32227755
ISSN: 1533-4406
CID: 5451242

Health-Status Outcomes with Invasive or Conservative Care in Coronary Disease

Spertus, John A; Jones, Philip G; Maron, David J; O'Brien, Sean M; Reynolds, Harmony R; Rosenberg, Yves; Stone, Gregg W; Harrell, Frank E; Boden, William E; Weintraub, William S; Baloch, Khaula; Mavromatis, Kreton; Diaz, Ariel; Gosselin, Gilbert; Newman, Jonathan D; Mavromichalis, Stavroula; Alexander, Karen P; Cohen, David J; Bangalore, Sripal; Hochman, Judith S; Mark, Daniel B; Ricci, Joseph; Tello Montoliu, A; Robero Aniorte, A I; Mulder, Abbey; Laddu, Abhay A; Goyal, Abhinav; Dubey, Abhishek; Goyal, Abhishek; Knighton, Abigail; Oomman, Abraham; Jaskowiak, Adam J; Kolodziej, Adam; Witkowski, Adam; Hameed, Adnan; Anesini, Adriana; Hussain, Afshan; Juceviciene, Agne; Urboniene, Agne; Jakal, Agnes; Szramowska, Agnieszka; Khairuddin, Ahmad; Abdel-Latif, Ahmed; Adel, Ahmed; Aljzeeri, Ahmed; Kamal, Ahmed; Talaat, Ahmed; Mann, Aimee; Contreras, Aira; Kumar, Ajit; Kumar, V K; Furukawa, Akemi; Bagai, Akshay; Smigelskaite, Akvile; Furber, Alain; Rheault, Alain; Loehr, Alaine Melanie; Rosen, Alan; Varga, Albert; Qelaj, Albertina; Barioli, Alberto; Russo, Aldo; Moorman, Alec; Gisbert, Alejandro; Fratczak, Aleksandra; Laucevicius, Aleksandras; Kuleshova, Alena; Sionis, Alessandro; Sirker, Alexander A; Chernyavskiy, Alexander M; Craft, Alexandra; Vazquez, Alexandra; Ciappina Hueb, Alexandre; Colafranseschi, Alexandre S; Schaan de Quadros, Alexandre; Tognon, Alexandre; Alghamdi, Ali; Manica Muller, Alice; Nogueira Rabaça, Aline; Peixoto Deiro, Aline; Hallam, Alison; Stone, Allegra; Schley, Allison; Castro, Almudena; Rabelo Ales, Alvaro; Germann, Amanda; O'Malley, Amanda; Uxa, Amar; Ojajuni, Amarachi; Oliveira, Amarino C Jr; Hull, Amber B; Roy, Ambuj; Zarka, Amer; Janmohamed, Amir; Brown, Ammani; Malinay, Ammy; Martinez Monzonis, Amparo; Richards, Amy J; Iskandrian, Amy; Ollinger, Amy; Djordjevic-Dikic, Ana D; Fernández Martínez, Ana; Gomes Almeida, Ana; Batista, Ana Paula; Francisco, Ana Rita; Mladenovic, Ana S; Santana, Ana; Siddiqui, Anam; Kuzmina-Krutetskaya, Anastasia M; Vertes, Andras; Sousa, Andre S; Gabriel, Andre; Schmidt, André; Lundeen, Andrea M; Bartykowszki, Andrea; Lorimer, Andrea; Mortara, Andrea; Pascual, Andrea; Coelho, Andreia; Rocha, Andreia; García-Rincón, Andrés; Howarth, Andrew G; Moriarty, Andrew J; Docherty, Andrew; Starovoytov, Andrew; Zurick, Andrew; Łabyk, Andrzej; Swiatkowski, Andrzej; Lam, Andy; Kawakami, Anelise; Hoye, Angela; Kim, Angela; Smit, Angelique; Nobre, Angelo; Shah, Anil V; Ljubez, Anja; Anand, Anjali; Sachdeva, Ankush; Greenberg, Ann; Luyten, Ann; Ostrander, Ann; Di Donato, Anna; Cichocka-Radwan, Anna; Fojt, Anna; Plachcinska, Anna; Proietti, Anna; Teresinska, Anna; Webb, Anne Marie; Cartwright, Anne; Heath, Anne; Mackin, Anne; Amaritakomol, Anong; Chaiyasri, Anong; Chauhan, Anoop; Mathew, Anoop; Gemignani, Anthony; Andres, Anto Luigi; Vega, Antonia; Hansen, Antonietta; Iglesias, Antonino Ginel; Carvalho, Antonio Carlos; Di Chiara, Antonio; Serra Peñaranda, Antonio; Carvalho, Antonio; Colombo, Antonio; Fiarresga, Antonio; Rao, Anupama; Valdespino-Estrada, Aquiles; Boan, Araceli; Ishani, Areef; Diaz, Ariel; Ghosh, Arijit; Prommintikul, Arintaya; Roberts, Arline; Seto, Arnold H; Good, Arnold P; Quyyumi, Arshed; Labovitz, Arthur J; Kerner, Arthur; Campos-Santaolalla, Arturo S; Misra, Arunima; Mukherjee, Ashok; Seth, Ashok; Seedhom, Ashraf; Cheema, Asim N; Ahmed, Asker; Mathur, Atul; Verma, Atul; Leong, Audrey W; Åkerblom, Axel; Fuentes, Axelle; Naher, Aynun; Valaiyapathi, Badhma; Kaur, Baljeet; Guruge, Bandula; Brzezińska, Barbara; Nardi, Barbara; Czarniak, Bartosz; Singh, Bebek; Igual, Begoña; Merkely, Bela; Alvarez, Belen Cid; Spooner, Benjamin J; Chow, Benjamin J W; Cheong, Benjamin; Shah, Benoy N; de Bruyne, Bernard; Valecka, Bernardas; Jäger, Bernhard; Archer, Beth A; Abramson, Beth; Jorgenson, Beth; Harvey, Bethany; O'Neal, Betsy; Atkinson, Bev; Bozek, Bev; Lang, Bevin; Sasidharan, Bijulal; Yang, Bin; Zhang, Bin; Kurian, Binoy Mannekkattukudy; Goebel, Bjoern; Hu, Bob; Popescu, Bogdan A; Crnokrak, Bogdan; Zhu, Bolin; Kirby, Bonnie J; Zimbelman, Brandi D; Starks, Brandy; Beleslin, Branko D; Hart, Brenda; Shapiro, Brian P; McCandless, Brian; Wisniewski, Brianna; Smith, Brigham R; Mirrer, Brooks; McManus, Bruce; Rutkin, Bruce; Paulino, Bruna Edilena; Ascoli, Bruna Maria; Smith, Bryn; Allen, Byron J; Gibson, C Michael; Bairey Merz, C Noel; Pop, Calin; Hague, Cameron; Thais de Ormundo, Camila; Gopaul, Candace; Edillo, Candice P; Polanczyk, Carísi A; Krannila, Carita; Vicente, Carla; Gagné, Carl-Éric; Briguori, Carlo; Peña Gil, Carlos; Alvarez, Carlos; Ohmart, Carly; Beladan, Carmen C; Ginghina, Carmen; Kartje, Carol M; Alsweiler, Caroline; Brown, Caroline; Callison, Caroline; Pinheiro, Caroline; Rodgers, Caroline; Spindler, Caroline; Corbett, Carolyn; Drum, Carrie; Riedberger, Casey; Bone, Catherine; Fleming, Catherine; Gordon, Catherine; Jahrsdorfer, Catherine; Lemay, Catherine; Weick, Catherine; Patten, Cathrine; Goletto, Cecilia; Kepka, Cezary; Suvarna, Chandini; Xu, Chang; Mercure, Chantale; Viljoen, Charle A; Wiyarand, Charlene; Jia-Yin Hou, Charles; Lui, Charles Y; Cannan, Charles; Cornet, Charles; Pirro, Charlotte; Rimsukcharoenchai, Chataroon; Wang, Chen; Tsai, Cheng-Ting; Chien, Chen-Yen; Allardyce, Cheryl A; Hedgepeth, Chester M; Patel, Chetan; Attanasio, Chiara; Yen, Chih-Hsuan; Chow, Chi-Ming; Er, Ching Min; Ong, Ching-Ching; Manjunath, Cholenahally Nanjappa; Beck, Chris; Buller, Chris; Vassaliere, Christel; Hamm, Christian; Caldeira, Christiano; Ballantyne, Christie; Björklund, Christina; Hinton, Christine R; Bergeron, Christine; Masson, Christine; Roraff, Christine; Shelley, Christine; Laure, Christophe; Thuaire, Christophe; Kinsey, Christopher; McFarren, Christopher; Spizzieri, Christopher; Travill, Christopher; Liu, Chun-Chieh; Hung, Chung-Lieh; Li, Chunguang; Yun, Chun-Ho; Xia, Chunli; Heard, Ciarra; Schultz, Cidney; Venn-Edmonds, Clare; Hochberg, Claudia P; Wegmayr, Claudia; Cortés, Claudia; Escobar, Claudia; Freixo, Cláudia; Mesquita, Claudio T; Kadalie, Clemens T; Berry, Colin; Philander, Constance; Thobois, Corine; Costantini, Costantino; Page, Courtney; Atkinson, Craig; Barr, Craig; Paterson, Craig; Bare, Cristina; Baumann, Cynthia; Burman, Cynthia; Espinosa, Dalisa; Collison, Damien; Deleanu, Dan; Elian, Dan; Gao, Dan; Oliver, Dana; Vezina, Daniel P; O'Rourke, Daniel; Komar, Daniele; Schade, Danielle; Francis, Darrel P; Malaev, Dastan; Bull, David A; Winchester, David E; Faxon, David P; Booth, David; Cohen, David; DeMets, David; Foo, David; Schlichting, David; Taggart, David; Waters, David; Wohns, David; Vo, Davis; Teodorczyk, Dawid; Shelstad, Dawn; Turnbull, Dawn; Li, Dayuan; Kereiakes, Dean; O'Neill, Deborah; Yip, Deborah; Johnson, Debra K; Dees, Debra; Bhatt, Deepak L; Gopal, Deepika; Kumar, Deepti; Mattina, Deirdre; Murphy, Deirdre; Small, Delano R; Rose, Delsa K; Jiang, Dengke; Phaneuf, Denis Carl; Braganza, Denise; Fine, Denise; Cyr, Derek; Tobin, Desiree; Cukali, Diana; Parra, Diana; Camara, Diane; Minshall Liu, Diane; Vences, Diego Adrián; Franca de Cunha, Diego; Stournaras, Dimitrios; Patel, Dipti; Li, Dongze; Exley, Donna; Grahl, Dorit; Stanojevic, Dragana; Cacela, Duarte; Conway, Dwayne S G; Bermudez, E Pinar; Punnoose, Eapen; Tay, Edgar L; Karanjah, Edgar; Verna, Edoardo; Hernandez-Rangel, Eduardo; Nicol, Edward D; McFalls, Edward O; Martin, Edward T; Kaczmarska, Edyta; Lubinskaya, Ekaterina I; Demchenko, Elena A; Refoyo Salicio, Elena; Feen, Eli; Durán-Cortés, Elihú; Janzen, Elisabeth M; Hannemann, Elise L; Dongen, Elise van; Piloto, Elissa Restelli; Kaplan, Eliza; Srbinovska Kostovska, Elizabeta; Capasso-Gulve, Elizabeth; Congdon, Elizabeth; Ferguson, Elizabeth; Zbyshevskaya, Elizaveta V; Magedanz, Ellen; Fridell, Ellie; Lader, Ellis W; Kedhi, Elvin; Racca, Emanuela; Tachot, Emilie; DeRosa, Emily; Alonso-Álvarez, Encarnación; Nicollet, Eric; Peterson, Eric; Rosas, Erick Alexánderson; Morales, Erick Donato; Orvis, Erin; Moga, Ermina; Montpetit, Estelle; Figueiredo, Estevao; Passamani, Eugene; Nikolsky, Eugenia; Yeoh, Eunice; Kretov, Evgeniy I; Szczerba, Ewa; Wojtala, Ewelina; Ribeiro Silva, Expedito Eustáquio; Ortuño, F Marin; Farias, Fabio R; Fimiani, Fabio; Rolfo, Fabrizio; Yu, Fa-Chang; Hage, Fadi; Matar, Fadi; Haider Jafary, Fahim; Feng, Fang; Liu, Fang; Ranjbaran, Fatima; Rodriguez, Fatima; Pinto, Fausto J; Rashid, Fauzia; Ramani, Federica; Wang, Fei; Igansi, Fernanda; Silva, Filipa; Ottani, Filippo; Haines, Fiona; Al Solaiman, Firas; Egydio, Flávia; Lyra, Flavio; Egger, Florian; Farquharson, Fran; Laube, Frances; Carreras Costa, Francesc; de Micco, Francesca; Bianchini, Francesca; Pezzetta, Francesca; Pietrucci, Francesca; Orso, Francesco; Pisano, Francesco; Burt, Francis; Patuleia Figueiras, Francisca; Fernandez-Aviles, Francisco; Mongeon, Francois Pierre; Van de Werf, Frans; Guenther, Franziska; Witherow, Fraser N; Mohr, Fred; Dall'Orto, Frederico; Otsuka, Fumiyuki; De La Morena, G; Karthikeyan, G; Dekany, Gabor; Kerecsen, Gabor; Galeote, Gabriel; Grossmann, Gabriel; Vorobiof, Gabriel; Sanchez de Souza, Gabriela; Guzman, Gabriela; Zeballos, Gabriela; Gabrielli, Gabriele; Jakl-Kotauschek, Gabriele; Shammas, Gail A; Brandt, Gail; Chen, Gang; Lane, Gary E; Luckasen, Gary J; Sharma, Gautam; Mikolaitiene, Gelmina; Yee, Gennie; Nickenig, Georg; Revtyak, George E; Juang, George J; Fletcher, Gerald; Leonard, Gerald; Devlin, Gerard Patrick; Esposito, Gerard; Ágoston, Gergely; Lamas, Gervasio; Fontos, Geza; Mikhail, Ghada; Cobb, Gia; Perna, Gian Piero; Leone, Gianpiero; Roditi, Giles; Barone-Rochette, Gilles; Mishra, Girish; Tarantini, Giuseppe; Wong, Glenda; Hamroff, Glenn S; Rayos, Glenn; Cheng, Gong; Barge-Caballero, Gonzalo; Davidović, Goran; Stankovic, Goran; Stevanovic, Gordana; Jingyan Wang, Grace; Young, Grace M; Wayser, Graceanne; Scaro, Graciela; Hillis, Graham S; Wong, Graham; Szulczyk, Grazyna Anna; Simonis, Gregor; Kumkumian, Gregory; Peichel, Gretchen Ann; Gajos, Grzegorz; Steinmaurer, Gudrun; Rucatti, Guilherme G; Portugal, Guilherme; Cantinho Lopes, Guilhermina; Pons Lladó, Guillem; Frostfelt, Gunnar; Wander, Gurpreet S; Gulati, Gurpreet; Pucci, Gustavo; Abd Hadi, Hafidz; Zhang, Haibo; Wang, Haitao; Marciniak, Halina; Chen, Han; Kerr, Hanan; Najm, Hani; Douglas, Hanna; Phillips, Hannah; Dai, Hao; Dong, Haojian; Jamil, Haqeel; Sivadasanpillai, Harikrishnan; Suryapranata, Harry; Reda, Hassan; Pomeroy, Hayley; Barrentine, Heather; Golden, Heather; Hurlburt, Heather; Wilson, Heidi; Tucker, Helen C; Abergel, Helene; Siddaram, Hemalata; Osseni, Hermine; Schuchlenz, Herwig; Zeng, Hesong; Skali, Hicham; Solomon, Hilda; Horton, Hollie; Hetrick, Holly; Little, Holly; Park, Holly; Chi, Hongjie; Mahrous, Hossam; Levite, Howard A; Pejkov, Hristo; Li, Huajun; Bloise-Adames, Hugo; Marques, Hugo; Zhong, Hui; Zhang, Hui-Min; Hashim, Humayrah; Yeh, Hung-I; El Fishawy, Hussien; Webb, Ian; Kullo, Iftikhar; Grazhdankin, Igor O; Hamzeh, Ihab; Hassan, Ikraam; Ueda, Ikuko; Pina, Ileana L; Tamasauskiene, Ilona; Bouwhuis, Ilse; Arif, Imran; Wenzelburger, Ina; Zimbarra Cabrita, Inês; Rodrigues, Ines; Robbins, Inga H; Soveri, Inga; Schnittger, Ingela; Karimullah, Iqbal; Dauber, Ira M; Rehman, Iram; Peovska Mitevska, Irena; Marthe Lang, Irene; Subbotina, Irina; Kalibataite-Rutkauskiene, Irma; Yusnida, Irni; Carvajal, Isabel Estela; Palazzo, Isabella C; Hogan, Isabelle; Roy, Isabelle; Syed, Ishba; Tejani, Ishita; Naryshkin, Ivan A; Jankovic, Ivana; Niedzwiecka, Iwona; Knight, J David; Kusmierek, Jacek; White, Jackie M; Chow, Jackie; Udell, Jacob; Tamis-Holland, Jacqueline E; Fannon, Jacqueline; Quin, Jacquelyn A; Do, Jacquelyn; Heo, Jaekyeong; Maksym, Jakub; Davies, James E; O'Keefe, James H Jr; Jang, James J; Cha, James; Harrison, James; Hirsch, James; Stafford, James; Tatoulis, James; Rankin, Jamie; Henzel, Jan; Orga, Jan; Tancredi, Jana; Oliveira, Janaina; Burton, Jane; Eckstein, Jane; Marucci, Jane; Knight, Janet P; Blount, Janet; Halliday, Janet; Kourzenkova, Janetta; Raj, Janitha; Sinning, Jan-Malte; Pozzibon, Jaqueline; Drozdz, Jaroslaw; Karwowski, Jaroslaw; Glover, Jason D; Kwok, Jason Loh; Call, Jason T; Linefsky, Jason; Gomes, Jassira; Anumpa, Jati; Garcia, Javier J; Courtis, Javier; Meisner, Jay; Jayakumar, K; Scales, Jayne; Denaro, Jean E; Juliard, Jean Michel; Ho, Jean; Stansborough, Jeanette K; Juliard, Jean-Michel; Russo, Jeanne; Schoep, Jeannette J M; Thambyrajah, Jeet; Leimberger, Jeff; Breall, Jeffery A; Kohn, Jeffrey A; Milliken, Jeffrey C; Anderson, Jeffrey; Blume, Jeffrey; Kanters, Jeffrey; Lorin, Jeffrey; Moses, Jeffrey; Stepanovic, Jelena J; Celutkiene, Jelena; Djokic, Jelena; Stojkovic, Jelena; Jose, Jenne M; Manchery, Jenne; Mull, Jennifer A; Czerniak, Jennifer H; Stanford, Jennifer L; Gillis, Jennifer; Horst, Jennifer; Isaacs, Jennifer; Langdon, Jennifer; Thomson, Jennifer; Tomfohr, Jennifer; White, Jennifer; Kuo, Jen-Yuan; Rautureau, Jeremy; Fleg, Jerome; Berg, Jessica; Rodriguez, Jessica; Waldron, Jessica; Patro, Jhina; Li, Jia; Mao, Jiajia; Liu, Jiamin; Wang, Jian'an; Li, Jianhua; Zhang, Jianxin; Qi, Jie; Lyo, Jihyun; Marcus, Jill; Blankenship, Jim; Zhang, Jing; Liu, Jingjing; Fan, Jing-Yao; Li, Jiun-Yi; Pradhan, Jiwan; Chen, Jiyan; Rivera Caravaca, J M; Evans, Jo; Garcia Picart, Joan; Hecht, Joan; Jaroch, Joanna; Zalewska, Joanna; Kelly, Joanne; Taaffe, Joanne; Abbud, João Reynaldo; Vitola, João V; Peñafiel, Joaquín V; Benatar, Jocelyne; Bindeman, Jody; Sabik, Joe; Klitch, Joel; Christopher, Johann; Aspberg, Johannes; Friedman, John D; Beltrame, John F; Heitner, John F; Graham, John Joseph; Davies, John R; Doan, John; Kotter, John; Kurian, John; Mukai, John; Pownall, John; Sobolewska, Jolanta; Kobashigawa, Jon; Goldberg, Jonathan L; Bazeley, Jonathan W; Byrne, Jonathan; Himmelfarb, Jonathan; Leipsic, Jonathan; Thorsen, Jonean; Trejo Gutierrez, Jorge F; Escobedo, Jorge; Timmer, Jorik; Ortega-Ramírez, José A; Marin-Neto, José Antonio; Salas, Jose D; Castillo, Jose Enrique; Saraiva, Jose Francisco; Cuenca-Castillo, José J; Diez, Jose L; Narro Villanueva, José Luis; da Vieira, José Luiz; Flores-Palacios, José M; Gonzalez, Jose Ramon; Seijas Amigo, Jose; Fragata, Jose; Padró, Josep Maria; McGarvey, Josheph F X Jr; Hannan, Joseph; Sacco, Joseph; Sweeny, Joseph; Wiesel, Joseph; Abraham, Josephine D; Loh, Joshua P; Burkhardt, Joy; White, Joyce R; Riestenberg-Smith, Joyce; Sebo, Judit; Meadows, Judith L; Wright, Judith; Foltz, Judy Mae; Hung, Judy; Otis, Judy; Stumpf, Juergen; Tsai, Jui-Peng; Dionne, Julia S; de Aveiro Morata, Julia; Bunke, Julie; Morrow, Julie; Figal, Julio César; Fujita, Jun; Jiang, Jun; Li, Junhua; Yang, Junqing; Euathrongchit, Juntima; Garg, Jyotsna; Manjula Rani, K; Preethi, K; Goetschalckx, Kaatje; Eggers, Kai; Surineni, Kamalakar; Hirase, Kanae; Kapilamoorthy, T R; Calfas, Karen; Gratrix, Karen; Hallett, Karen; Hultberg, Karen; Nugent, Karen; Petrosyan, Karen; Swan, Karen; Kryczka, Karolina; Wojtczak-Soska, Karolina; Wojtera, Karolina; Lenk, Karsten; Ramasamy, Karthik; Łuczak, Katarzyna; Malinowska, Katarzyna; Pointon, Kate; Robb, Kate; Martin, Katherine; Claes, Kathleen; Carruthers, Kathryn; Siegel, Kathy E; Drouin, Katia; Fowler-Lehman, Katie; Rawat, Kavita; Rowe, Kay; Fukuda, Keiichi; Fox, Keith A A; Mahaffey, Ken; Unterbrink, Kendra; Giedd, Kenneth; Van Loo, Kerrie; Lee, Kerry; Bonin, Kerstin; Bainey, Kevin R; Harley, Kevin T; Anstrom, Kevin; Chan, Kevin; Croce, Kevin; Landolfo, Kevin; Marzo, Kevin; Patel, Keyur; Abdul-Nour, Khaled; Alfakih, Khaled; Dajani, Khaled; Ziada, Khaled; Baloch, Khaula; Kushniriuk, Khrystyna; Poh, Kian-Keong; Ireland, Kim F; Holland, Kim; Byrne, Kimberly Ann; Halverson, Kimberly E; Elmore, Kimberly; Miller-Cox, Kimberly; Reddy, Kiran; Quiles, Kirsten J; Abercrombie, Kirsty; Matschke, Klaus; Szymczyk, Konrad; Chan, Koo Hui; Preethi, Kotiboinna; Sokhon, Kozhaya; Meemuk, Krissada; Thygesen, Kristian; Salmi, Kristin M; Newby, Kristin; Wippler, Kristina; Arges, Kristine; Teoh, Kristine; Etherington, Krystal; Łoboz-Grudzień, Krystyna; Reczuch, Krzysztof W; Bury, Krzysztof; Drzymalski, Krzysztof; Kukuła, Krzysztof; Sung, Kuo-Tzu; Huber, Kurt; Douangvila, Ladda; Sullenberger, Lance; Trama, Larissa Miranda; Matics, Laszlone; Drew, Laura; Flint, Laura; Keinaite, Laura; Sarti, Laura; Kolakaluri, Laurel; Phillips, Lawrence M; Friedman, Lawrence; Phillips, Lawrence; Velicki, Lazar; Howell, Leah; Maranan, Leandro C; Cox, Leanne; Daba, Ledjalem; Zhang, Lei; Dharmarajan, Lekshmi; Bockeria, Leo; Pizzol Caetano, Leonardo; Bridi, Leonardo; Bershtein, Leonid L; Sokalski, Leszek; Yan, Li Hai; Li, Li; Nijmeijer, Lia; Sousa, Lidia; Xu, Lihong; Zhang, Lihua; Zhang, Lili; Schiavi, Lilia; Barbosa, Lilian Mazza; Khor, Lillian L; Felix-Stern, Lina; Hall, Linda L; Hollenweger, Linda M; Arcand, Linda; Davidson-Ray, Linda; Schwarz, Linda; Sikora, Lindsey N; Chi, Lingping; Patricio, Lino; Zhang, Liping; Chaytor, Lisa; Hatch, Lisa; McCloy, Lisa; Wong, Lisa; Persson, Liselotte; Jiang, Lixin; Low, Liz; Pupic, Ljiljana; Bière, Loïc; Monti, Lorenzo; Christensen, Lori; Pritchard, Lori; Black, Loriane; Desimone, Lori-Ann; Larmand, Lori-Ann; McGregor, Lorraine; Morby, Louise; Thomson, Louise; Harvey, Luc; de Pádua Baptista, Luciana; Garcia, Lucilla; Eliahou, Ludivine; Helmer, Ludmila; Smidt, Luis F; Bernanrdes, Luis; Guzman, Luis; Carvalho, Luiz A; Xiong, Luyang; Teo, Lynette L; Neeson, Lynn M; Winstanley, Lynne; Srichai-Parsia, M Barbara; Quintana Giner, M; Sowjanya Reddy, M; Valdés Chávarri, M; Grazia Rossi, M; Simoons, Maarten; Konigstein, Maayan; Lesiak, Maciej; Olsowka, Maciej; Selas, Mafalda; Corfias, Magalie; Madero Rovalo, Magdalena; Łanocha, Magdalena; Miller, Magdalena; Misztal-Teodorczyk, Magdalena; Rantinella, Magdalena; Abdelhamid, Magdy; Jimenez, Magnolia; Alam, Mahboob; Mylarappa, Mahevamma; El Shahawy, Mahfouz; Mohamed, Mahmoud; Al-Bustami, Mahmud; Joseph, Majo X; Frach, Malgorzata; Celińska-Spodar, Małgorzta; Helm, Malte; Chacko, Manas; Murphy, Mandy; Vinod, Manitha; Rani, Manjula; Dhawan, Manu; Mombelli, Manuela; Weber, Marcel; Galvani, Marcello; Rodrigues, Marcelo Jamus; Dubin, Marcia F; Werner Bayer, Marcia F; Szkopiak, Marcin; Monsalve, Marco Antonio; Santos, Marco Bizzaro; Magnoni, Marco; Marini, Marco; Sicuro, Marco; Zenati, Marco; Coimbra Resende, Marcos Valério; Roik, Marek; Bentzvi, Margalit; Gilsenan, Margaret; Iraola, Margaret; Quinn, Margot C; Alfonso, Maria A; Pereira Moraes, Maria Antonieta; Martínez-Ruíz, María Dolores; Canales, María Fernanda; Caetano, Maria Inês; Corral, Maria P; Pérez García, Maria; Actis, Maria Victoria; Aguirre, Maria; Andreasson, Maria; Aprile, Maria; Colton, Maria; Martin, Maria Eugenia; Lasala, Maria; Lorenzo, Maria; Posada, Maria; Shier, Maria; Thottam, Maria; Furtado, Mariana V; Okada, Mariana Yumi; Dracoulakis, Marianna D A; De Andrade, Marianne; Rubio, Mariano; Essermark, Marie; Scherrer-Crosbie, Marielle; Petrovic, Marija T; Zdravkovic, Marija; Black, Marilyn; Garcia, Marina; Garcia, Mario J; Szulik, Mariola; Orgera, Marisa; de Belder, Mark A; Harbinson, Mark; Hyun, Mark; Peterson, Mark; Xavier, Mark; Mosley, Marlowe; Capinha, Marta; Marcinkiewicz-Siemion, Marta; Swiderek, Marta; Meyer, Martha; Ceseri, Martina; Tricoli, Martina; Kronenberg, Marvin; Williams, Mary; Champagne, Mary Ann; Rogge, Mary Colleen; Soltau, Mary R; Streif, Mary; Villella, Massimo; Leesar, Massoud; Claudia, Matei; Solecki, Mateusz; Mungo, Matías Nicolás; Wall, Matthew Jr; Budoff, Matthew; Jezior, Matthew; Luckie, Matthew; Friedrich, Matthias; Haeffner, Mauren P; Tscharre, Maximilian; Winter, Max-Paul; Almeida, Mayana; Krishnam, Mayil S; Patel, Mayuri; Mishra, Meenakshi; Manocchia, Megan; Kakade, Meghana; Munro, Melanie J; Chaplin, Melissa D; LeFevre, Melissa; Andiapen, Mervyn; Gibson, Michael A; Rubens, Michael B; Turner, Michael C; Shapiro, Michael D; Lee, Michael W; Berlowitz, Michael; Davidson, Michael; Mack, Michael; McDaniel, Michael; Mumma, Michael; Wlodarczyk, Michal; Khouri, Michel G; Slama, Michel S; Rawlins, Michele; Bonner, Michelle M; Seib, Michelle M; Chang, Michelle; Crowder, Michelle; Dixon, Michelle; Mayon, Michelle; McEvoy, Michelle; Yee, Michelle; Fernandes, Miguel M; Nobre Menezes, Miguel; Souto Bayarri, Miguel; Barrero, Miguel; Torosoff, Mikhail T; Dobric, Milan R; Dobric, Milan; Dekleva, Milica Nikola; Gadkari, Milind Avdhoot; Gomez, Millie; Kyaw, Min Tun; Brooks, Miriam; Stevo Martinovic, Miroslav; Lustre, Mitchel B; Vakani, Mohammad Tariq; El-Hajjar, Mohammad; Al-Amoodi, Mohammed; Hussain, Mohammed; Saleem, Mohammed; Blanco-Calvo, Moisés; Jiménez-Santos, Moisés; Bhatia, Mona; Rosca, Monica; Laukyte, Monika; Gracida Blanca, Montserrat; Vila Perales, Montserrat; Al-Mallah, Mouaz H; de Oliveira Filho, Moysés; Ntsekhe, Mpiko; Saric, Muhamed; Chen, Mulei; Brousseau, Myriam; Takiuti, Myrthes Emy; Cemerlic-Adjic, Nada; Asif, Nadia; Gakou, Nadia; Hussain, Nafisa; Katamadze, Nana O; Clapp, Nancy L; Aedy, Nancy; Nataraj, Nandita; Wenger, Nanette K; Uchida, Naomi; Ismail, Nasrul; Oliveira, Natalia S; de Carvalho Maffei, Natalia; Spitzer, Natalie; Putnam, Natasha C; Aslam, Naved; Mowafy, Neamat; Pandit, Neeraj; Parakh, Neeraj; Garcevic, Nevena; Meadows, Ngaire; Tran, Nhi N; Danchin, Nicholas; Lakeman, Nicki; Johnston, Nicola; Shammas, Nicolas W; Saint Vrestil, Nicole; Deming, Nicole; Zhong, Nier; Patel, Niket; Boskovic, Nikola N; Karogiannis, Nikolaos; Werner, Nikos; Johnston, Nina; Zhang, Ning; Zhou, Ning; Hindoyan, Niree; Kumar, Nirmal; Chadha, Nitika; Naik, Nitish; Aripova, Nodira; Mtana, Noloyiso; Eskelson, Nona A; Mokhtar, Noor Syamira; Taksaudom, Noppon; Basri, Nor Asiah; Marchelletta, Nora; Hogg, Norma; Jungla, Nungshi; Ferreira, Nuno; Lubyanaya, Oksana A; Nikolaeva, Olga B; Cañavate, Olga; Sobrino, Olga; Walesiak, Olga; Walter, Olga; Zdończyk, Olga; Lim, Olivia J; Anaya, Olivia; Mancilla, Olivia; Dubourg, Olivier; Bello, Olugbenga; Almousalli, Omar; Thompson, Omar; Olurinde, Oni; Harel, Or; Raheem, Osama; Méndiz, Oscar; Prada-Delgado, Óscar; Shapira, Oz; Schulze, P Christian; Panpunuan, Pachara; Maurovich-Horvat, Pal; Garg, Pallav; Moraga, Paloma; Singh, Pam; Julian, Pamela; Ouyang, Pamela; Sigel, Pamela; Woodard, Pamela; Zhou, Panpan; Poggio, Paola Emanuela; Smanio, Paola; Calabro, Paolo; Jeetley, Paramjit; Goube, Pascal; Nguyen, Patricia K; Alarie, Patricia; Arakelian, Patricia; Arsenault, Patricia; Blaise, Patricia; Brito, Patricia; Cowper, Patricia; Endsley, Patricia; Mieses, Patricia; Alexander, Patrick B; Donnelly, Patrick; Wilmot, Patrick; Lebioda, Patrycja; Gordon, Paul C; Mesropian, Paul Der; Galiwango, Paul; Hauptman, Paul; Kennedy, Paul; Beardsley, Paula; García-González, Paula; Rezende, Paulo Cury; Caramori, Paulo Ricardo; Kozlov, Pavel S; Canas Silva, Pedro; Melo Barros E Silva, Pedro Gabriel; Píccaro de Oliveira, Pedro; Carvalho, Pedro; Modas, Pedro; Rio, Pedro; Jain, Peeyush; He, Peiyu; McCullough, Peter A; Stone, Peter H; Pollak, Peter M; Douglass, Peter; Henriksen, Peter; OKane, Peter; Ong, Peter; Jones, Philip; Rogal, Philip; Généreux, Philippe; Menasche, Philippe; Rheault, Philippe; Goold, Phoebe; Gervais, Pierre; Michaud, Pierre; Calvillo, Pilar; Chai, Ping; Jakubowski, Piotr; Pruszczyk, Piotr; Slomka, Piotr; Sritara, Piyamitr; Loh, Poay-Huan; Sonawane, Poonam; Samadi, Pouneh; Parikh, Pragnesh P; Deedwania, Prakash; Patel, Pranav M; Polamuri, Praneeth; Sharma, Pratiksha; Vasquez, Precilia; Kamath, Preeti; Thomas, Prince; Arambam, Priyadarshani; Mehta, Puja K; Grant, Purvez; Naik, Pushpa; Zhong, Qi; Zhao, Qian; Zhou, Qiang; Yuan, Qianqian; Yu, Qin; Li, Qingxian; Xie, Qiulan; Zeng, Qiutang; Vindhya, R J; Gerlach, R James; King, Rachel; Vučić, Rada; Lyubarova, Radmila; Pracon, Radoslaw; Fisher, Raewyn; Beyar, Rafael; Diaz, Rafael; Selgas, Rafael; Bugiardini, Raffaele; Fanelli, Raffaele; Kavalakkat, Raisa; Rajalekshmi, V S; Barua, Rajat S; Menon, Rajeev; Nair, Rajesh Gopalan; Francis, Rajesh; Narang, Rajiv; Yadav, Rakesh; Huston, Ralph Alan; Ramakrishnan, T; de Silva, Ramesh; Mahmoud, Rami El; Carvalho, Ramiro; de Jesús-Pérez, Ramon; Stevens, Ramona; Leng, Ran; Kachru, Ranjan; Nath, Ranjit Kumar; Sanchez, Raquel; Dwyer, Raven R; Lee, Raven; Wyman, Ray; Wong, Raymond C; Little, Raymond W; Ocaranza Sanchez, Raymundo; Wimmer, Rebecca J; Bariciano, Rebecca; Otis, Rebecca; Herrmann, Rebekah R; Yunis, Reem; Hampson, Reinette; Karam, Renato Abdala; Hessian, Renee C; Kaneshiro, Renee; Ravindran, Reshma; Gamma, Reto Andreas; Bhandari, Reyna; Arsanjani, Reza; Lopes, Ricardo L; Mendes Oliveira, Ricardo; Costa, Ricardo; Bhatt, Richa; Davies, Richard F; Trimlett, Richard H J; Goldweit, Richard; Hermanides, Rik; Nakanishi, Rine; Sidh, Rinu R; Patel, Risha; Coram, Rita; Siddiqui, Rizwan A; Beanlands, Rob S; Hamburger, Robert J; Riezebos, Robert K; Donnino, Robert M; Bojar, Robert; Chilton, Robert; Guyton, Robert; Henderson, Robert; Kornberg, Robert; Leber, Robert; Mao, Robert; Stenberg, Robert; Santos, Roberta P; Favaloro, Roberto René; Amati, Roberto; Lima, Rodolfo G S D; Cerci, Rodrigo J; Tumelero, Rogerio; Tandon, Rohit; Tewari, Roma; Miranda-Peats, Romalisa; Wald, Ron; Mastouri, Ronald A; Morford, Ronald G; Schwartz, Ronald G; Pedalino, Ronald P; Hu, Rongrong; Hansen, Ronnell A; Cohen, Ronny A; Hachamovitch, Rory; Homem, Rosa; Sandonato, Rosa; Laimer, Rosane; Gans, Rosann; Yost, Roxanne; Mathew, Roy; Baleón-Espinosa, Rubén; Ramos, Ruben; Gevorgyan, Rubine; Ferreira, Rui; Jing, Rui; Pérez-Fernández, Ruth; Dwivedi, S K; Ramakrishnan, S; Khan, Saadat; Bokhari, Sabahat; Thomas, Sabu; Lubna, Sadath; Khan, Sajeeda Parveen; Govindan, Sajeev Chakanalil; Girotra, Saket; Kassam, Saleem; Canada, Sallie; Cruz-Flores, Salvador; Mohamed, Samaa; Ly, Samantha; El Kaffas, Sameh; Massalha, Samia; Setty, Sampoornima; Nwosu, Samuel; Seth, Sandeep; Singh, Sandeep; Niehe, Sander R; Rivest, Sandra M; Zier, Sandra S; Ahoud, Sandra; Carr, Sandy; Ganapathi, Sanjay; Shetty, Sanjay; Sharma, Sanjeev; Jimenez, Santa; Satheesh, Santhosh; Garcia, Santiago A; Fernandez, Sara; Karlsson, Sara; Salkind, Sara; Temiyasathit, Sara; Medina Rodriguez, Sarah; Beaudry, Sarah; Hadjih, Sarah; Williams, Sarah; Zahrani, Sarah; Ralhan, Sarju; Hinic, Sasa; Kedev, Sasko; Singh, Satinder; Yasuda, Satoshi; Manjunath, Satvic Cholenahally; Lee, Sau; Kaczkowski, Scott M; Kinlay, Scott; Hayes, Sean W; Sobczak, Sebastian; Asier, Senait; Sayganov, Sergey A; Sokol, Seth I; Pandie, Shaheen; Yahaya, Shaiful Azmi; Mehta, Shamir; Nie, Shao-Ping; Chandra, Sharad; Islam, Sharder; Tai, Sharon; Karwa, Sheetal Rupesh; Ussery, Sheri; Bajaj, Sheromani; Crook, Sherron C; Nishimura, Shigeyuki; Nakano, Shintaro; Heydari, Shirin; Choudhary, Shiv Kumar; Patel, Shivali; Ganesan, Shobana; Pandey, Shruti; Zhang, Shuyang; Hande, Shweta; Gadage, Siddharth; Tan, Sik-Yin V; Zottis Poletti, Silvia; Riera, Silvia; Valbuena, Silvia; Walsh, Simon; Maspoli, Simona; Savaris, Simone; Feng, Si-Ting; Cho, So Yang; Yakubov, Solomon; Zhu, Songlin; Wang, Songtao; Guerrero, Sonia; Gupta, Sonika; Salinger Martinovic, Sonja; Brons, Sonya; Brener, Sorin; Gurunathan, Sothinathan; Saba, Souheil; Nayak, Soundarya; Reddy, Sowjanya; Potluri, Srinivasa; Sudarshan, Sriram; Kuanprasert, Srun; Van Oosterhout, Stacie; Lerakis, Stamatios; Cobos, Stanley E; Bertog, Stefan C; Simović, Stefan M; Weikl, Stefan; Di Marco, Stefano; Provasoli, Stefano; Tirado, Stephanie A; Boer, Stephanie C; Lane, Stephanie M; Ferket, Stephanie; Kelly, Stephanie; Wasmiller, Stephanie; McKellar, Stephen H; Hoole, Stephen P; Fremes, Stephen; Preston, Stephen; Leung, Steve; Fein, Steven A; Lindsay, Steven J; Sedlis, Steven P; Giovannone, Steven; Michael, Steven; Weitz, Steven; van Vugt, Stijn; Banerjee, Subhash; Naik, Sudhir; Hosino, Suellen; Desire, Sukie; Yamwong, Sukit; Thambar, Suku T; Mookherjee, Sulagna; Singh, Suman; Mishra, Sundeep; Verma, Sunil Kumar; Kulthawong, Supap; Khwakhong, Supatchara; Naik, Surendra; Babu, Suresh; Woragidpoonpol, Surin; Narayanappa, Suryaprakash; Derbyshire, Susan; Gent, Susan; Mathus, Susan; Milbrandt, Susan; Moore, Susan; Regan, Susan; Stinson, Susan; Webber, Susan; Silva, Susana; Stevens, Susanna; Gruensfelder, Susanne; Aramcharoen, Suthara; Kolhe, Suvarna; Tavares, Suzana; Arnold, Suzanne; Welsh, Suzanne; Apostolovic, Svetlana; Kunhunny, Swapna; Hung, Ta-Chuan; Zappernick, Taissa; Sharir, Tali; Silva, Talita; Soares, Tamara Colaiácovo; Pillay, Tapan Umesh; Mittal, Tarun K; Trifonova, Tatiana; Duarte, Tauane Bello; Huk, Tauqir; Dutoiu, Téodora; Chua, Terrance; Weyand, Terry; Charles, Thabitha; Kofidis, Theodoros; McCreary, Theresa; Lefevre, Thierry; Arumairajah, Thippeekaa; Tepsuwan, Thitipong; Mulhearn, Thomas J; Meyer, Thomas M; Rocco, Thomas P; Downes, Thomas R; Crain, Thomas; Haldis, Thomas; Mathew, Thomas; Redick, Thomas; Devi, Thounaojam Indira; Nageh, Thuraia; Cauthren, Tia; Silva, Tiago; Little, Tiffany; Andric, Tijana; Harding, Tina; Lau, Titus; Formisano, Tiziana; Moccetti, Tiziano; Ciurus, Tomasz; Mazurek, Tomasz; Tarchalski, Tomasz; Nagai, Toshiyuki; Tran, Tri; Youn, Tricia; Tucker, Trish; Milner, Trudie; Bose, Tuhina; Kotecha, Tushar; Sechtem, Udo; Valeti, Uma S; Cucchini, Umberto; Badami, Umesh; Kaul, Upendra; Bahl, V K; Narain, V S; Casali, Valentina; Godoy, Valeria; Robesyn, Valerie; Priya, Vamshi P; Yadav, Vandana; McKinney, Vera; De Lenges, Veronica; Tinnirello, Veronica; Miro, Vicente; Navarro, Victor; Gumerova, Victoria; Hernandez, Victoria; Seeratan, Vidya; Kumar, Vijay; Kozulin, Vikentiy Y; Bulkley, Viktoria; Veiga, Vilmar Jr; Setang, Vincent; Vineeth, C P; Pubull Nuñez, Virginai; Fernández-Figares, Virginia; Gomes, Vitor; Gabriel, Viviana; Dos Santos, Viviane; Almeida, Viviane; Iliescu, Vlad A; Mudrenovic, Vladan; Dzavik, Vladimir; Giga, Vojislav L; Mogrovejo, Walter Enrique; Chan, Wan Xian; Marfori, Wanda C; Parker, Wanda; Mekara, Warangkana; Nona, Wassim; Old, Wayne; Pennachi, Wayne; Nawarawong, Weerachai; Chen, Wei; Su, Wei; Xing, Weibing; Lan, Wei-Ren; Crawford, Wenda; Stewart, Wendy L; Drewes, Wendy; Lin, Wenhua; Abernethy, William B; Salerno, William D; Fearon, William F; Vergoni, William; Weintraub, William; Sia, Winnie C; Musial, Wlodzimierz J; Flores-Ríos, Xacobe; Garcia-Moll Marimon, Xavier; Su, Xi; Ma, Xiang; Gu, Xiangqiong; Wang, Xiao; Li, Xiaomei; Yao, Xiaowei; Fu, Xin; Su, Xin; Zeng, Xin; Yang, Xinchun; Li, Xiuhong; Fang, Xuehua; Wang, Xutong; Geng, Yaming; Yan, Yan; Pépin-Dubois, Yanek; Wang, Yanfu; Wang, Yang; Tian, Yanmeng; Huang, Yaping; Han, Yechen; Zambrano, Yesenia; Yang, Yi-Hsuan; Sia, Ying Tung; Yang, Yining; Ma, Yitong; Peralta, Yolayfi; Wu, Yongjian; Kunwu, Yu; Zhao, Yu; Peng, Yudong; Lin, Yueh-Hung; Zhao, Yulan; Dong, Yumei; Zhao, Yunhai; Wannasopha, Yutthaphan; Taul, Yvonne; Sahul, Zakir; Kudzoeva, Zalina; Kalarus, Zbigniew; Markovic, Zeljko Z; Huang, Zhen; Ji, Zheng; Liu, Zhenyu; Yue, Zhou; Zhang, Zhulin; Li, Zhuxi; Singh Meharwal, Zile; Bai, Ziliang; Yu, Zixiang; Huda, Zohra; Davidovits, Zoltan
BACKGROUND:In the ISCHEMIA trial, an invasive strategy with angiographic assessment and revascularization did not reduce clinical events among patients with stable ischemic heart disease and moderate or severe ischemia. A secondary objective of the trial was to assess angina-related health status among these patients. METHODS:We assessed angina-related symptoms, function, and quality of life with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) at randomization, at months 1.5, 3, and 6, and every 6 months thereafter in participants who had been randomly assigned to an invasive treatment strategy (2295 participants) or a conservative strategy (2322). Mixed-effects cumulative probability models within a Bayesian framework were used to estimate differences between the treatment groups. The primary outcome of this health-status analysis was the SAQ summary score (scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health status). All analyses were performed in the overall population and according to baseline angina frequency. RESULTS:At baseline, 35% of patients reported having no angina in the previous month. SAQ summary scores increased in both treatment groups, with increases at 3, 12, and 36 months that were 4.1 points (95% credible interval, 3.2 to 5.0), 4.2 points (95% credible interval, 3.3 to 5.1), and 2.9 points (95% credible interval, 2.2 to 3.7) higher with the invasive strategy than with the conservative strategy. Differences were larger among participants who had more frequent angina at baseline (8.5 vs. 0.1 points at 3 months and 5.3 vs. 1.2 points at 36 months among participants with daily or weekly angina as compared with no angina). CONCLUSIONS:In the overall trial population with moderate or severe ischemia, which included 35% of participants without angina at baseline, patients randomly assigned to the invasive strategy had greater improvement in angina-related health status than those assigned to the conservative strategy. The modest mean differences favoring the invasive strategy in the overall group reflected minimal differences among asymptomatic patients and larger differences among patients who had had angina at baseline. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; ISCHEMIA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01471522.).
PMID: 32227753
ISSN: 1533-4406
CID: 5451262

Effects of Acute Colchicine Administration Prior to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: COLCHICINE-PCI Randomized Trial

Shah, Binita; Pillinger, Michael; Zhong, Hua; Cronstein, Bruce; Xia, Yuhe; Lorin, Jeffrey D; Smilowitz, Nathaniel R; Feit, Frederick; Ratnapala, Nicole; Keller, Norma M; Katz, Stuart D
BACKGROUND:Vascular injury and inflammation during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are associated with increased risk of post-PCI adverse outcomes. Colchicine decreases neutrophil recruitment to sites of vascular injury. The anti-inflammatory effects of acute colchicine administration before PCI on subsequent myocardial injury are unknown. METHODS:In a prospective, single-site trial, subjects referred for possible PCI (n=714) were randomized to acute preprocedural oral administration of colchicine 1.8 mg or placebo. RESULTS:=0.001). CONCLUSIONS:Acute preprocedural administration of colchicine attenuated the increase in interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations after PCI when compared with placebo but did not lower the risk of PCI-related myocardial injury. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique Identifiers: NCT02594111, NCT01709981.
PMID: 32295417
ISSN: 1941-7632
CID: 4383552

Risks of noncardiac surgery early after percutaneous coronary intervention

Smilowitz, Nathaniel R; Lorin, Jeffrey; Berger, Jeffrey S
BACKGROUND:Prior registry data suggest that 4%-20% of patients require noncardiac surgery (NCS) within 2 years of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Contemporary data on NCS after PCI in the United States among women and men are limited. We determined the rate of early hospital readmission for NCS and associated outcomes in a large cohort of patients who underwent PCI in the United States. METHODS:Adults undergoing PCI between January 1 and June 30, 2014, were identified from the Nationwide Readmission Database. Patients readmitted for NCS within 6 months of PCI were identified. Outcomes of interest were in-hospital death, myocardial infarction (MI), and bleeding defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes. RESULTS:Among 221,379 patients who underwent PCI and survived to hospital discharge, 3.5% (n = 7,696) were readmitted for NCS within 6 months post-PCI, and 41% of these hospitalizations were elective. Early NCS was complicated by MI in 4.7% of cases, and 21% of perioperative MIs were fatal. Bleeding was recorded in 32.0% of patients. All-cause mortality occurred in 4.4% of patients (n = 339) readmitted for surgery. The risk of death or MI was greatest when NCS was performed within the first month after PCI. CONCLUSIONS:Despite clear guidelines to avoid surgery early after PCI, NCS was performed in 1 of every 29 patients with recent PCI, corresponding to as many as ~30,000 patients each year nationwide. Surgical mortality and perioperative MI were high in this setting. Strategies to minimize perioperative thrombotic and bleeding risks during readmission for NCS after PCI are necessary.
PMID: 31514076
ISSN: 1097-6744
CID: 4080052