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61


Introduction

Narins, Rhoda S; Humphrey, Shannon
PMID: 30358627
ISSN: 1524-4725
CID: 3385982

Five-Year Safety and Satisfaction Study of PMMA-Collagen in the Correction of Nasolabial Folds

Cohen, Steven; Dover, Jeffrey; Monheit, Gary; Narins, Rhoda; Sadick, Neil; Werschler, William P; Karnik, Jwala; Smith, Stacy R
BACKGROUND: A polymethylmethacrylate-collagen filler is generally believed to give long-term benefits, but the risk of granuloma formation over time remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of granuloma formation and response to treatment and assess the degree of patient satisfaction over 5 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adults seeking correction of nasolabial folds underwent up to 3 injection sessions over 2 months. Subjects were then queried regularly for the development of signs and symptoms of a granuloma. Any positive responses were evaluated, and lesions suspicious for granulomas were confirmed by biopsy. Granulomas were treated at the discretion of the investigator. Subjects also completed regular satisfaction questionnaires. RESULTS: A total of 1,008 subjects were enrolled and 871 completed the full 5 years of the study. A biopsy-confirmed granuloma developed in 1.7% of subjects. Almost all granulomas responded to treatment. At study exit, 0.9% of subjects had an unresolved granuloma. Patient satisfaction remained high throughout the duration of the study. CONCLUSION: The incidence of granuloma formation with a polymethylmethacrylate-collagen dermal filler is low, and almost all lesions are manageable with simple therapeutic measures. Patient satisfaction remains durable over 5 years. Polymethylmethacrylate-collagen offers a well-characterized and very favorable risk/benefit profile.
PMID: 26618457
ISSN: 1524-4725
CID: 1863222

Anatomical Basis for Safe and Effective Volumization of the Temple

Breithaupt, Andrew D; Jones, Derek H; Braz, Andre; Narins, Rhoda; Weinkle, Susan
BACKGROUND: One of the earliest but often unaddressed signs of facial aging is volume loss in the temple. Treatment of the area can produce satisfying results for both patient and practitioner. OBJECTIVE: Safe injection requires explicit knowledge of the anatomy to avoid complications related to the multitude of vessels that course throughout the region at various depths. The authors aim to detail the anatomy of the area and provide a safe and easy-to-follow method for injection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors review the relevant anatomy of the temporal region and its application to cosmetic filler injections. RESULTS: The authors describe an easy-to-follow approach for a safe and effective injection window based on numerous anatomical studies. Injection in this area is not without risk, including potential blindness. The authors review the potential complications and their treatments. CONCLUSION: Hollowing of the temple is an early sign of aging that, when corrected, can lead to significant patient and practitioner satisfaction. Proper anatomically knowledge is required to avoid potentially severe complications. In this study, the authors present a reliable technique to safely and effectively augment this often undertreated area of the aging face.
PMID: 26618454
ISSN: 1524-4725
CID: 1864242

Systematic review of clinical trials of small- and large-gel-particle hyaluronic Acid injectable fillers for aesthetic soft tissue augmentation

Cohen, Joel L; Dayan, Steven H; Brandt, Fredric S; Nelson, Diane B; Axford-Gatley, Robert A; Theisen, Michael J; Narins, Rhoda S
BACKGROUND: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is the most frequently injected filler for soft tissue augmentation in the United States. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review published evidence for aesthetic use of small- and large-gel-particle HA. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Clinical data on anatomic area, level of evidence, patient population, trial design, endpoints, efficacy, and safety were extracted from PubMed. RESULTS: Fifty-three primary clinical reports were analyzed. The highest-quality efficacy evidence was for the nasolabial folds (NLFs), with 10 randomized, blind, split-face, comparative trials. Several randomized, blind trials supported treatment of the glabella, lips, and hands. Lower-level evidence (from studies with nonrandomized, open-label, or retrospective designs) was recorded for the nasojugal folds (tear troughs), upper eyelids, nose, infraorbital hollows, oral commissures, marionette lines, perioral rhytides, temples, and cheeks. Common adverse events (AEs) across anatomic areas were pain, bruising, swelling, and redness. Serious AEs were uncommon (8 events in 8 patients of 4,605 total patients) and were considered to be unrelated (7 events) or probably unrelated (1 event) to treatment. CONCLUSION: The efficacy and safety of small- and large-gel-particle HA are well established for NLFs; evidence for the glabella, lips, and hands is more limited. Preliminary reports in other anatomic regions suggest efficacy without major complications.
PMID: 23164066
ISSN: 1076-0512
CID: 240852

Development and validation of a new clinically-meaningful rating scale for measuring lateral canthal line severity

Kane, Michael A; Blitzer, Andrew; Brandt, Fredric S; Glogau, Richard G; Monheit, Gary D; Narins, Rhoda S; Paty, Jean A; Waugh, Jacob M
Background: Several scales have been employed for evaluating the effects of cosmetic treatments in the periorbital area. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently issued new recommendations specifying a rigorous process to validate new aesthetic scales. Objectives: The authors describe and validate a new clinical rating scale: the Investigator's Global Assessment of Lateral Canthal Line (IGA-LCL) severity scale. Methods: The new FDA recommendations were utilized to validate the new scale. The first step was concept elicitation (based on direct input from clinicians, patients, and literature) and evaluation of content validity (appropriateness of concepts). The resulting five-point scale provided detailed descriptions of the lateral canthal lines (LCL), including quantitative assessment of LCL length and depth. Performance parameters, including intra- and interrater reproducibility and construct validity, were then evaluated in clinical studies. Finally, the scale's threshold for clinically-meaningful benefit and the ability of the scale to detect change were confirmed in two Phase 2b clinical studies involving a total of 270 subjects. Results: Content validity was established and the IGA-LCL scale showed excellent interrater reliability (weighted Kappa = 0.89) and interrater reliability (weighted Kappa = 0.77; Kendall's coefficient of concordance = 0.89). In clinical trials, the scale was sensitive enough to detect clinically-meaningful one- and two-point changes in LCL severity following treatment with topical botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A). The authors observed statistically-significant correlations between the physician-rated IGA-LCL results and patient-reported outcomes. Conclusions: The IGA-LCL scale was shown to be reliable, appropriate, and clinically meaningful for measuring LCL severity.
PMID: 22395318
ISSN: 1090-820x
CID: 163090

Validated assessment scale for neck volume

Sattler, Gerhard; Carruthers, Alastair; Carruthers, Jean; Flynn, Timothy C; Geister, Thorin L; Gortelmeyer, Roman; Hardas, Bhushan; Himmrich, Silvia; Jones, Derek; Kerscher, Martina; Mohrmann, Cornelia; Narins, Rhoda S; Pooth, Rainer; Rzany, Berthold; Buchner, Larry; Benter, Ursula; Breitscheidel, Lusine; de Maio, Mauricio
BACKGROUND: Sagging of the neck aesthetic area is an important indicator of age. The development of complex and globally accepted tools for proper assessment of the change in neck volume is an essential contribution to aesthetic research and the routine clinical setting. OBJECTIVE: To develop a grading scale for the objective assessment of the neck volume and to establish the reliability of this scale for clinical research and practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 5-point rating scale was developed to assess neck volume objectively. Twelve experts rated frontal and lateral neck photographs of 50 subjects in two separate rating cycles using the neck volume scale. Responses of raters were analyzed to assess inter- and intrarater reliability. RESULTS: Interrater reliability for the neck volume scale was almost perfect, with intraclass correlation coefficients for the first and second rating cycles of 0.85 and 0.84, respectively. Intrarater reliability for the neck volume scale was high (0.90) and Pearson correlation coefficients ranged between 0.88 and 0.95 and were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The neck volume scale demonstrates optimal reliability for clinical research and practice.
PMID: 22316190
ISSN: 1076-0512
CID: 157690

Validated assessment scales for the upper face

Flynn, Timothy C; Carruthers, Alastair; Carruthers, Jean; Geister, Thorin L; Gortelmeyer, Roman; Hardas, Bhushan; Himmrich, Silvia; Kerscher, Martina; de Maio, Mauricio; Mohrmann, Cornelia; Narins, Rhoda S; Pooth, Rainer; Rzany, Berthold; Sattler, Gerhard; Buchner, Larry; Benter, Ursula; Fey, Constanze; Jones, Derek
BACKGROUND: Age-related upper face changes such as wrinkles, lines, volume loss, and anatomic alterations may affect quality of life and psychological well-being. The development of globally accepted tools to assess these changes objectively is an essential contribution to aesthetic research and routine clinical medicine. OBJECTIVE: To establish the reliability of several upper face scales for clinical research and practice: forehead lines, glabellar lines, crow's feet (at rest and dynamic expression), sex-specific brow positioning, and summary scores of forehead and crow's feet areas and of the entire upper face unit. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Four 5-point photonumerical rating scales were developed to assess glabellar lines and sex-specific brow positioning. Twelve experts rated identical upper face photographs of 50 subjects in two separate rating cycles using all eight scales. Responses of raters were analyzed to assess intra- and interrater reliability. RESULTS: Interrater reliability was substantial for all upper face scales, aesthetic areas, and the upper face score except for the brow positioning scales. Intrarater reliability was high for all scales and resulting scores. CONCLUSION: Except for brow positioning, the upper face rating scales are reliable tools for valid and reproducible assessment of the aging process.
PMID: 22316187
ISSN: 1076-0512
CID: 157677

Validated assessment scales for the lower face

Narins, Rhoda S; Carruthers, Jean; Flynn, Timothy C; Geister, Thorin L; Gortelmeyer, Roman; Hardas, Bhushan; Himmrich, Silvia; Jones, Derek; Kerscher, Martina; de Maio, Mauricio; Mohrmann, Cornelia; Pooth, Rainer; Rzany, Berthold; Sattler, Gerhard; Buchner, Larry; Benter, Ursula; Breitscheidel, Lusine; Carruthers, Alastair
BACKGROUND: Aging in the lower face leads to lines, wrinkles, depression of the corners of the mouth, and changes in lip volume and lip shape, with increased sagging of the skin of the jawline. Refined, easy-to-use, validated, objective standards assessing the severity of these changes are required in clinical research and practice. OBJECTIVE: To establish the reliability of eight lower face scales assessing nasolabial folds, marionette lines, upper and lower lip fullness, lip wrinkles (at rest and dynamic), the oral commissure and jawline, aesthetic areas, and the lower face unit. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Four 5-point rating scales were developed to objectively assess upper and lower lip wrinkles, oral commissures, and the jawline. Twelve experts rated identical lower face photographs of 50 subjects in two separate rating cycles using eight 5-point scales. Inter- and intrarater reliability of responses was assessed. RESULTS: Interrater reliability was substantial or almost perfect for all lower face scales, aesthetic areas, and the lower face unit. Intrarater reliability was high for all scales, areas and the lower face unit. CONCLUSION: Our rating scales are reliable tools for valid and reproducible assessment of the aging process in lower face areas.
PMID: 22316189
ISSN: 1076-0512
CID: 157686

Validated assessment scales for the mid face

Carruthers, Jean; Flynn, Timothy C; Geister, Thorin L; Gortelmeyer, Roman; Hardas, Bhushan; Himmrich, Silvia; Jones, Derek; Kerscher, Martina; de Maio, Mauricio; Mohrmann, Cornelia; Narins, Rhoda S; Pooth, Rainer; Rzany, Berthold; Sattler, Gerhard; Buchner, Larry; Benter, Ursula; Breitscheidel, Lusine; Carruthers, Alastair
BACKGROUND: The improvement of aesthetic treatment options for age-related mid face changes, such as volume loss, and the increase in patient expectations necessitates the development of more-complex and globally accepted assessment tools. OBJECTIVE: To develop three grading scales for objective assessment of the infraorbital hollow and upper and lower cheek fullness and to establish the reliability of these scales for clinical research and practice. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Three 5-point rating scales were developed to assess infraorbital hollow and upper and lower cheek fullness objectively. Twelve experts rated identical mid face photographs of 50 subjects in two separate rating cycles using the mid face scales. Test responses of raters were analyzed to assess intra- and interrater reliability. RESULTS: Interrater reliability was substantial for the infraorbital hollow, upper cheek fullness, and lower cheek fullness scales. Intrarater reliability was high for all three scales. Both of the cheek fullness scales yielded higher reliabilities when three rather than two views were used to assess the volume changes of the cheek. CONCLUSION: The mid face scales are reliable tools for valid and reproducible assessment of age-related mid face changes.
PMID: 22316188
ISSN: 1076-0512
CID: 157676

Validated composite assessment scales for the global face

Rzany, Berthold; Carruthers, Alastair; Carruthers, Jean; Flynn, Timothy C; Geister, Thorin L; Gortelmeyer, Roman; Hardas, Bhushan; Himmrich, Silvia; Jones, Derek; de Maio, Mauricio; Mohrmann, Cornelia; Narins, Rhoda S; Pooth, Rainer; Sattler, Gerhard; Buchner, Larry; Merito, Monica; Fey, Constanze; Kerscher, Martina
BACKGROUND: Twenty grading scales have been developed to assess age-related facial changes. Until now, the validity with regard to the patient's actual age and the clinical importance of combined measurement tools to describe facial aging was unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reliability and validity of a total face score and three global face assessment scales for estimated age, estimated aesthetic treatment effort, and signs of aging in the facial units. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive, reliability, correlation, and principal component analyses based on the assessment of 50 subjects by 12 raters using the 20 grading scales and the global face assessment scales. RESULTS: Inter- and intrarater reliability was high for the total face score and for the scales on estimated age and aesthetic treatment effort. Actual age was highly correlated with these three measures. Facial aging was indicated particularly by scales of the lower face. CONCLUSION: The aesthetic grading scales and global scales on estimated age and aesthetic treatment effort are reliable and valid instruments. The results suggest that a more-comprehensive evaluation of the human face and its age-related changes can help to identify important areas of facial aging and to define optimal aesthetic treatment strategies.
PMID: 22316186
ISSN: 1076-0512
CID: 157689