Faculty Bibliography

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of bilateral posterior superior oblique tenectomy for the treatment of A-pattern strabismus due to superior oblique overaction regardless of the magnitude of the pattern. METHODS: The medical records of patients with A-pattern esotropia or exotropia in the presence of superior oblique overaction who underwent combined horizontal muscle surgery along with bilateral superior oblique posterior 7/8 tenectomy from 2003 to 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with at least 3 months' follow-up were included. RESULTS: A total of 73 patients were included. Of these, 46 had esotropia; 27, exotropia. The preoperative A-pattern deviation for the study population was 19.6Delta +/- 11.4Delta (range, 10-60), with a final postoperative patten collapse of 18.2 +/- 3.6. Superior oblique overaction was 2.3 +/- 0.7 preoperatively and 0.3 +/- 0.7 postoperatively. Overall, 87.7% of patients had a successful collapse of their pattern to <10Delta following the initial bilateral superior oblique posterior tenectomy, with an additional 4.1% following a second procedure. Of patients with a pattern deviation of <25Delta, 87.9% had successful collapse of the pattern following 1 surgery, and 86.7% of patients who had a pattern of >/=25Delta had successful collapse. Postoperatively, 7 patients demonstrated mild inferior oblique overaction. No surgical complications were noted. CONCLUSIONS: A uniform dose of bilateral posterior 7/8 tenectomy surgery successfully collapses A-pattern deviations of all magnitudes.

PURPOSE: Capillary hemangiomas of the eyelid and orbit are treated when amblyopia secondary to anisometropic astigmatism or pupillary occlusion is present or when rapid growth of the hemangioma threatens to occlude the pupil. The goal of this study was to determine whether treatment of hemangiomas resolves or prevents occlusion or results in decrease in astigmatism. METHODS: The records of 54 patients who underwent treatment for reduction in the size of a capillary hemangioma causing amblyopia or threatened amblyopia in two pediatric ophthalmology practices were reviewed. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients were treated for amblyopia due to anisometropic astigmatism. The average amount of pretreatment astigmatism was 2.71 D, while the average amount of post-treatment astigmatism was 0.46 D. Fifteen of these patients could be tested for optotype visual acuity and all had vision acuity of 20/40 or better. Only 1 of the 15 patients treated for threatened occlusion of the pupil developed occlusion. Six of these patients cooperated with optotype visual acuity and all had vision acuity of 20/30 or better. Eleven patients were treated for pupillary occlusion. Occlusion resolved in all cases. Of the five patients treated for occlusion who cooperated with optotype visual acuity, two had a vision acuity of 20/100 or worse. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment to reduce the size of capillary hemangiomas results in resolution of occlusion, reduction in astigmatism, and prevention of pupillary occlusion. Those with occlusion are at higher risk for severe residual amblyopia and require prompt and definitive treatment

BACKGROUND: Capillary hemangiomas of the eyelids and orbit can cause refractive and occlusive amblyopia. Although oral and intralesional steroid injections are the most common treatment modalities, sometimes they are not successful. There is a paucity of information in the literature on the success of eliminating amblyogenic factors by treating these lesions with surgical resection. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 10 patients in two pediatric ophthalmology practices who underwent surgical excision of a capillary hemangioma that was causing amblyopia and that had failed to regress with other treatment. RESULTS: Two patients had surgery secondary to pupillary occlusion, which was successful in relieving occlusion. Eight patients had surgery secondary to significant astigmatism. The average preoperative astigmatic difference between the affected and unaffected eye in five of these patients undergoing surgery before the age of 21 months was 2.15 D. The average postoperative astigmatic difference was 0.1 D. The average preoperative astigmatic difference between the affected and unaffected eye in three patients undergoing surgery after 21 months of age was 1.6 D. Surgery completely failed to reduce the astigmatism in two of these patients. The third patient had a decrease of 0.75 D of cylinder but still had a difference of 1.75 D between the two eyes postoperatively. Postoperative complications in this study included wound infection in one patient. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical excision of capillary hemangiomas that were resistant to other modes of treatment was useful in relieving pupillary occlusion and in decreasing the amount of astigmatism if performed before the age of 21 months in our series of patients. Our cases as well as the literature suggest that surgery should be performed at 13 months or earlier to reduce the amount of astigmatism

Introduction: Capillary hemangiomas are the most common orbital tumors of childhood and can cause amblyopia secondary to occlusion of the pupil, anisometropia, or strabismus. We undertook this study to describe the clinical characteristics of children with capillary hemangiomas and to propose a classification system to guide clinical treatment decisions. Methods: A retrospective review of the records of 129 patients with 132 capillary hemangiomas in two pediatric ophthalmology practices was conducted. Hemangiomas were classified based on size. Presence of aniosometropic astigmatism, ptosis, pupillary occlusion, lid margin change, proptosis, globe displacement, and strabismus was recorded. Results: Thirty-one hemangiomas measured less than 1 cm in greatest dimension and were not associated with amblyogenic factors. Seventy-five patients had hemangiomas that measured greater than 1 cm, 40 of which were associated with amblyopia. Eighteen children had diffuse hemangiomas that could not be measured and 14 of these were associated with amblyopia. Five of seven hemangiomas in six patients with PHACES syndrome were associated with amblyopia. Conclusion: This study is the largest review of capillary hemangiomas of the orbit and eyelids. Our findings suggest that size greater than 1 cm in largest diameter is an important predictor of amblyogenic factors and approximately half of these patients will require treatment. Diffuse hemangiomas and hemangiomas in patients with PHACES syndrome will cause amblyopia in the majority of cases