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162


Thin-filament mutations, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and risk [Comment]

Sherrid, Mark V; Arabadjian, Milla; Koulova, Anna
PMID: 25524338
ISSN: 1558-3597
CID: 1570852

Vector flow mapping in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to assess the relationship of early systolic left ventricular flow and the mitral valve

Ro, Richard; Halpern, Dan; Sahn, David J; Homel, Peter; Arabadjian, Milla; Lopresto, Charles; Sherrid, Mark V
BACKGROUND: The hydrodynamic cause of systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM) is unresolved. OBJECTIVES: This study hypothesized that echocardiographic vector flow mapping, a new echocardiographic technique, would provide insights into the cause of early SAM in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). METHODS: We analyzed the spatial relationship of left ventricular (LV) flow and the mitral valve leaflets (MVL) on 3-chamber vector flow mapping frames, and performed mitral valve measurements on 2-dimensional frames in patients with obstructive and nonobstructive HCM and in normal patients. RESULTS: We compared 82 patients (22 obstructive HCM, 23 nonobstructive HCM, and 37 normal) by measuring 164 LV pre- and post-SAM velocity vector flow maps, 82 maximum isovolumic vortices, and 328 2-dimensional frames. We observed color flow and velocity vector flow posterior to the MVL impacting them in the early systolic frames of 95% of obstructive HCM, 22% of nonobstructive HCM, and 11% of normal patients (p < 0.001). In both pre- and post-SAM frames, we measured a high angle of attack >60 degrees of local vector flow onto the posterior surface of the leaflets whether the flow was ejection (59%) or the early systolic isovolumic vortex (41%). Ricochet of vector flow, rebounding off the leaflet into the cul-de-sac, was noted in 82% of the obstructed HCM, 9% of nonobstructive HCM, and none (0%) of the control patients (p < 0.001). Flow velocities in the LV outflow tract on the pre-SAM frame 1 and 2 mm from the tip of the anterior leaflet were low: 39 and 43 cm/s, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Early systolic flow impacts the posterior surfaces of protruding MVL initiating SAM in obstructive HCM.
PMID: 25440093
ISSN: 1558-3597
CID: 1570762

Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Takotsubo Syndrome: How to Deal With Left Ventricular Ballooning?

Citro, Rodolfo; Bellino, Michele; Merli, Elisa; Di Vece, Davide; Sherrid, Mark V
Currently, there are 2 proposed causes of acute left ventricular ballooning. The first is the most cited hypothesis that ballooning is caused by direct catecholamine toxicity on cardiomyocytes or by microvascular ischemia. We refer to this pathogenesis as Takotsubo syndrome. More recently, a second cause has emerged: that in some patients with underlying hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, left ventricular ballooning is caused by the sudden onset of latent left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. When it becomes severe and unrelenting, severe afterload mismatch and acute supply-demand ischemia appear and result in ballooning. In the context of 2 causes, presentations might overlap and cause confusion. Knowing the pathophysiology of each mechanism and how to determine a correct diagnosis might guide treatment.
PMID: 37889174
ISSN: 2047-9980
CID: 5609592

Genotype Analysis as a Clinical Tool for Families in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Sherrid, Mark V.; Massera, Daniele
SCOPUS:85180257056
ISSN: 2772-963x
CID: 5621482

What Predicts the Success of Alcohol Septal Ablation?: The Myocardium Counts, After All [Comment]

Massera, Daniele; Sherrid, Mark V
PMID: 37582171
ISSN: 1941-7632
CID: 5595582

Clinical course and outcomes in adults with co-occurring hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hypertension: a scoping review protocol

Arabadjian, Milla; Nicolas, Barnaby; Montgomery, Sophie; Pleasure, Mitchell; Collins, Maxine; Reuter, Maria; Massera, Daniele; Shimbo, Daichi; Sherrid, Mark
INTRODUCTION:Hypertension affects 40%-60% of adults with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the most common inherited cardiac condition. It can be a diagnostic confounder for HCM, contributing to delayed diagnosis. Clinically, treatment of co-occurring hypertension and HCM poses challenges as first-line and second-line antihypertensive medications are often contraindicated in HCM. The clinical course in adults with hypertension and HCM is also not well understood, and studies examining patient outcomes in this population are equivocal. In this paper, we aim to outline the protocol of a scoping review, a type of literature review, to systematically synthesise existing knowledge on adults with co-occurring HCM and hypertension, highlighting knowledge and evidence gaps, and identifying future research directions to optimise outcomes in this population. METHODS AND ANALYSIS:This review is guided by Arksey and O'Malley's conceptual framework on conducting scoping reviews. We will search five electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science) and reference lists of publications to identify eligible articles focusing on medical therapy, clinical course or outcomes in adults with HCM and hypertension, between 2011 and 2023. Our search strategy and presentation of results will be guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Scoping Review guideline. First, two independent reviewers will screen articles, by title and abstract, followed by a full-text screen to identify eligible articles. Relevant data will be extracted and synthesised. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION:Ethical approval is not required for this review as it is a secondary data collection of published articles and does not involve human subject participation. We will present results of this review at relevant professional conferences and patient-centred educational events. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER:https://osf.io/cy8qb/?view_only=98197f4850584e51807ff9b62533a706.
PMCID:10357759
PMID: 37463810
ISSN: 2044-6055
CID: 5535662

How common is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy… really?: Disease prevalence revisited 27 years after CARDIA

Massera, Daniele; Sherrid, Mark V; Maron, Martin S; Rowin, Ethan J; Maron, Barry J
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heterogeneous albeit treatable cardiac disease of variable severity, with the potential for heart failure, atrial fibrillation and arrhythmic sudden death, characterized by otherwise unexplained left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and affecting all ages and races. Over the last 30 years, several studies have estimated the prevalence of HCM in the general population, employing echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), as well electronic health records and billing databases for clinical diagnosis. The estimated prevalence in the general population based on the disease phenotype of LV hypertrophy by imaging is 1:500 (0.2%). This prevalence was initially proposed in 1995 in the population-based CARDIA study employing echocardiography, and more recently confirmed by automated CMR analysis in the large UK Biobank cohort. The 1:500 prevalence appears most relevant to clinical assessment and management of HCM. These available data suggest that HCM is not a rare condition but likely underdiagnosed clinically and by extrapolation potentially affects about 700,000 Americans and possibly 15 million people worldwide.
PMID: 37028711
ISSN: 1874-1754
CID: 5463952

Weight loss in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A clinical case series

Reuter, Maria C.; Massera, Daniele; Axel, Leon; Latson, Larry A.; Goldstein, Jonathan M.; Stepanovic, Alexandra; Sherrid, Mark V.
Background: Obesity is prevalent among patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Obese HCM patients have greater wall thickness, LV mass, worse hemodynamic function and NYHA class. Weight loss may favorably influence the HCM phenotype. Case summary: We describe six patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who lost weight through diet and lifestyle changes (n = 4) or bariatric surgery (n = 2). Radiographic imaging, with cardiac MRI or CT scan, was performed before and after their weight loss. There was a mean decrease in LV mass and indexed LV mass, and a mean numerical decrease in mean wall thickness in up to 14 out of 18 LV segments. There was also NYHA class reduction in symptoms. Discussion: In this case series, we have shown that substantial weight loss in HCM patients can be associated with a decrease in LV mass, wall thickness and improvement in symptoms. These observations indicate the potential for positive remodeling of the heart by weight loss. Prospective studies of the benefits of weight loss in HCM are needed.
SCOPUS:85149714036
ISSN: 2772-4875
CID: 5446552

Apical Aneurysms and Mid-Left Ventricular Obstruction in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Sherrid, Mark V; Bernard, Samuel; Tripathi, Nidhi; Patel, Yash; Modi, Vivek; Axel, Leon; Talebi, Soheila; Ghoshhajra, Brian B; Sanborn, Danita Y; Saric, Muhamed; Adlestein, Elizabeth; Alvarez, Isabel Castro; Xia, Yuhe; Swistel, Daniel G; Massera, Daniele; Fifer, Michael A; Kim, Bette
BACKGROUND:Apical left ventricular (LV) aneurysms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are associated with adverse outcomes. The reported frequency of mid-LV obstruction has varied from 36% to 90%. OBJECTIVES/OBJECTIVE:The authors sought to ascertain the frequency of mid-LV obstruction in HCM apical aneurysms. METHODS:The authors analyzed echocardiographic and cardiac magnetic resonance examinations of patients with aneurysms from 3 dedicated programs and compared them with 63 normal controls and 47 controls with apical-mid HCM who did not have aneurysms (22 with increased LV systolic velocities). RESULTS:]; P = 0.004). Complete emptying occurs circumferentially around central PMs that contribute to obstruction. Late gadolinium enhancement was always brightest and the most transmural apical of, or at the level of, complete emptying. CONCLUSIONS:The great majority (95%) of patients in the continuum of apical aneurysms have associated mid-LV obstruction. Further research to investigate obstruction as a contributing cause to apical aneurysms is warranted.
PMID: 36681586
ISSN: 1876-7591
CID: 5419392

Histopathology of the Mitral Valve Residual Leaflet in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Troy, Aaron L; Narula, Navneet; Massera, Daniele; Adlestein, Elizabeth; Alvarez, Isabel Castro; Janssen, Paul M L; Moreira, Andre L; Olivotto, Iacopo; Stepanovic, Alexandra; Thomas, Kristen; Zeck, Briana; Chiriboga, Luis; Swistel, Daniel G; Sherrid, Mark V
BACKGROUND:Mitral valve (MV) elongation is a primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) phenotype and contributes to obstruction. The residual MV leaflet that protrudes past the coaptation point is especially susceptible to flow-drag and systolic anterior motion. Histopathological features of MVs in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (OHCM), and of residual leaflets specifically, are unknown. OBJECTIVES/OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to characterize gross, structural, and cellular histopathologic features of MV residual leaflets in OHCM. On a cellular-level, we assessed for developmental dysregulation of epicardium-derived cell (EPDC) differentiation, adaptive endocardial-to-mesenchymal transition and valvular interstitial cell proliferation, and genetically-driven persistence of cardiomyocytes in the valve. METHODS:Structural and immunohistochemical staining were performed on 22 residual leaflets excised as ancillary procedures during myectomy, and compared with 11 control leaflets from deceased patients with normal hearts. Structural components were assessed with hematoxylin and eosin, trichrome, and elastic stains. We stained for EPDCs, EPDC paracrine signaling, valvular interstitial cells, endocardial-to-mesenchymal transition, and cardiomyocytes. RESULTS:= 0.08). No markers of primary cellular processes were identified. CONCLUSIONS:MV residual leaflets in HCM were characterized by histologic findings that were likely secondary to chronic hemodynamic stress and may further increase susceptibility to systolic anterior motion.
PMCID:10306242
PMID: 37383048
ISSN: 2772-963x
CID: 5540432