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Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes

Campbell, Peter J; Getz, Gad; Korbel, Jan O; Stuart, Joshua M; Jennings, Jennifer L; Stein, Lincoln D; Perry, Marc D; Nahal-Bose, Hardeep K; Ouellette, B F Francis; Li, Constance H; Rheinbay, Esther; Nielsen, G Petur; Sgroi, Dennis C; Wu, Chin-Lee; Faquin, William C; Deshpande, Vikram; Boutros, Paul C; Lazar, Alexander J; Hoadley, Katherine A; Louis, David N; Dursi, L Jonathan; Yung, Christina K; Bailey, Matthew H; Saksena, Gordon; Raine, Keiran M; Buchhalter, Ivo; Kleinheinz, Kortine; Schlesner, Matthias; Zhang, Junjun; Wang, Wenyi; Wheeler, David A; Ding, Li; Simpson, Jared T; O'Connor, Brian D; Yakneen, Sergei; Ellrott, Kyle; Miyoshi, Naoki; Butler, Adam P; Royo, Romina; Shorser, Solomon I; Vazquez, Miguel; Rausch, Tobias; Tiao, Grace; Waszak, Sebastian M; Rodriguez-Martin, Bernardo; Shringarpure, Suyash; Wu, Dai-Ying; Demidov, German M; Delaneau, Olivier; Hayashi, Shuto; Imoto, Seiya; Habermann, Nina; Segre, Ayellet V; Garrison, Erik; Cafferkey, Andy; Alvarez, Eva G; Heredia-Genestar, José María; Muyas, Francesc; Drechsel, Oliver; Bruzos, Alicia L; Temes, Javier; Zamora, Jorge; Baez-Ortega, Adrian; Kim, Hyung-Lae; Mashl, R Jay; Ye, Kai; DiBiase, Anthony; Huang, Kuan-Lin; Letunic, Ivica; McLellan, Michael D; Newhouse, Steven J; Shmaya, Tal; Kumar, Sushant; Wedge, David C; Wright, Mark H; Yellapantula, Venkata D; Gerstein, Mark; Khurana, Ekta; Marques-Bonet, Tomas; Navarro, Arcadi; Bustamante, Carlos D; Siebert, Reiner; Nakagawa, Hidewaki; Easton, Douglas F; Ossowski, Stephan; Tubio, Jose M C; De La Vega, Francisco M; Estivill, Xavier; Yuen, Denis; Mihaiescu, George L; Omberg, Larsson; Ferretti, Vincent; Sabarinathan, Radhakrishnan; Pich, Oriol; Gonzalez-Perez, Abel; Taylor-Weiner, Amaro; Fittall, Matthew W; Demeulemeester, Jonas; Tarabichi, Maxime; Roberts, Nicola D; Van Loo, Peter; Cortés-Ciriano, Isidro; Urban, Lara; Park, Peter; Zhu, Bin; Pitkänen, Esa; Li, Yilong; Saini, Natalie; Klimczak, Leszek J; Weischenfeldt, Joachim; Sidiropoulos, Nikos; Alexandrov, Ludmil B; Rabionet, Raquel; Escaramis, Georgia; Bosio, Mattia; Holik, Aliaksei Z; Susak, Hana; Prasad, Aparna; Erkek, Serap; Calabrese, Claudia; Raeder, Benjamin; Harrington, Eoghan; Mayes, Simon; Turner, Daniel; Juul, Sissel; Roberts, Steven A; Song, Lei; Koster, Roelof; Mirabello, Lisa; Hua, Xing; Tanskanen, Tomas J; Tojo, Marta; Chen, Jieming; Aaltonen, Lauri A; Rätsch, Gunnar; Schwarz, Roland F; Butte, Atul J; Brazma, Alvis; Chanock, Stephen J; Chatterjee, Nilanjan; Stegle, Oliver; Harismendy, Olivier; Bova, G Steven; Gordenin, Dmitry A; Haan, David; Sieverling, Lina; Feuerbach, Lars; Chalmers, Don; Joly, Yann; Knoppers, Bartha; Molnár-Gábor, Fruzsina; Phillips, Mark; Thorogood, Adrian; Townend, David; Goldman, Mary; Fonseca, Nuno A; Xiang, Qian; Craft, Brian; Piñeiro-Yáñez, Elena; Muñoz, Alfonso; Petryszak, Robert; Füllgrabe, Anja; Al-Shahrour, Fatima; Keays, Maria; Haussler, David; Weinstein, John; Huber, Wolfgang; Valencia, Alfonso; Papatheodorou, Irene; Zhu, Jingchun; Fan, Yu; Torrents, David; Bieg, Matthias; Chen, Ken; Chong, Zechen; Cibulskis, Kristian; Eils, Roland; Fulton, Robert S; Gelpi, Josep L; Gonzalez, Santiago; Gut, Ivo G; Hach, Faraz; Heinold, Michael; Hu, Taobo; Huang, Vincent; Hutter, Barbara; Jäger, Natalie; Jung, Jongsun; Kumar, Yogesh; Lalansingh, Christopher; Leshchiner, Ignaty; Livitz, Dimitri; Ma, Eric Z; Maruvka, Yosef E; Milovanovic, Ana; Nielsen, Morten Muhlig; Paramasivam, Nagarajan; Pedersen, Jakob Skou; Puiggròs, Montserrat; Sahinalp, S Cenk; Sarrafi, Iman; Stewart, Chip; Stobbe, Miranda D; Wala, Jeremiah A; Wang, Jiayin; Wendl, Michael; Werner, Johannes; Wu, Zhenggang; Xue, Hong; Yamaguchi, Takafumi N; Yellapantula, Venkata; Davis-Dusenbery, Brandi N; Grossman, Robert L; Kim, Youngwook; Heinold, Michael C; Hinton, Jonathan; Jones, David R; Menzies, Andrew; Stebbings, Lucy; Hess, Julian M; Rosenberg, Mara; Dunford, Andrew J; Gupta, Manaswi; Imielinski, Marcin; Meyerson, Matthew; Beroukhim, Rameen; Reimand, Jüri; Dhingra, Priyanka; Favero, Francesco; Dentro, Stefan; Wintersinger, Jeff; Rudneva, Vasilisa; Park, Ji Wan; Hong, Eun Pyo; Heo, Seong Gu; Kahles, André; Lehmann, Kjong-Van; Soulette, Cameron M; Shiraishi, Yuichi; Liu, Fenglin; He, Yao; DemircioÄŸlu, Deniz; Davidson, Natalie R; Greger, Liliana; Li, Siliang; Liu, Dongbing; Stark, Stefan G; Zhang, Fan; Amin, Samirkumar B; Bailey, Peter; Chateigner, Aurélien; Frenkel-Morgenstern, Milana; Hou, Yong; Huska, Matthew R; Kilpinen, Helena; Lamaze, Fabien C; Li, Chang; Li, Xiaobo; Li, Xinyue; Liu, Xingmin; Marin, Maximillian G; Markowski, Julia; Nandi, Tannistha; Ojesina, Akinyemi I; Pan-Hammarström, Qiang; Park, Peter J; Pedamallu, Chandra Sekhar; Su, Hong; Tan, Patrick; Teh, Bin Tean; Wang, Jian; Xiong, Heng; Ye, Chen; Yung, Christina; Zhang, Xiuqing; Zheng, Liangtao; Zhu, Shida; Awadalla, Philip; Creighton, Chad J; Wu, Kui; Yang, Huanming; Göke, Jonathan; Zhang, Zemin; Brooks, Angela N; Fittall, Matthew W; Martincorena, Iñigo; Rubio-Perez, Carlota; Juul, Malene; Schumacher, Steven; Shapira, Ofer; Tamborero, David; Mularoni, Loris; Hornshøj, Henrik; Deu-Pons, Jordi; Muiños, Ferran; Bertl, Johanna; Guo, Qianyun; Gonzalez-Perez, Abel; Xiang, Qian; Bazant, Wojciech; Barrera, Elisabet; Al-Sedairy, Sultan T; Aretz, Axel; Bell, Cindy; Betancourt, Miguel; Buchholz, Christiane; Calvo, Fabien; Chomienne, Christine; Dunn, Michael; Edmonds, Stuart; Green, Eric; Gupta, Shailja; Hutter, Carolyn M; Jegalian, Karine; Jones, Nic; Lu, Youyong; Nakagama, Hitoshi; Nettekoven, Gerd; Planko, Laura; Scott, David; Shibata, Tatsuhiro; Shimizu, Kiyo; Stratton, Michael R; Yugawa, Takashi; Tortora, Giampaolo; VijayRaghavan, K; Zenklusen, Jean C; Townend, David; Knoppers, Bartha M; Aminou, Brice; Bartolome, Javier; Boroevich, Keith A; Boyce, Rich; Buchanan, Alex; Byrne, Niall J; Chen, Zhaohong; Cho, Sunghoon; Choi, Wan; Clapham, Peter; Dow, Michelle T; Dursi, Lewis Jonathan; Eils, Juergen; Farcas, Claudiu; Fayzullaev, Nodirjon; Flicek, Paul; Heath, Allison P; Hofmann, Oliver; Hong, Jongwhi H; Hudson, Thomas J; Hübschmann, Daniel; Ivkovic, Sinisa; Jeon, Seung-Hyup; Jiao, Wei; Kabbe, Rolf; Kahles, Andre; Kerssemakers, Jules N A; Kim, Hyunghwan; Kim, Jihoon; Koscher, Michael; Koures, Antonios; Kovacevic, Milena; Lawerenz, Chris; Liu, Jia; Mijalkovic, Sanja; Mijalkovic-Lazic, Ana Mijalkovic; Miyano, Satoru; Nastic, Mia; Nicholson, Jonathan; Ocana, David; Ohi, Kazuhiro; Ohno-Machado, Lucila; Pihl, Todd D; Prinz, Manuel; Radovic, Petar; Short, Charles; Sofia, Heidi J; Spring, Jonathan; Struck, Adam J; Tijanic, Nebojsa; Vicente, David; Wang, Zhining; Williams, Ashley; Woo, Youngchoon; Wright, Adam J; Yang, Liming; Hamilton, Mark P; Johnson, Todd A; Kahraman, Abdullah; Kellis, Manolis; Polak, Paz; Sallari, Richard; Sinnott-Armstrong, Nasa; von Mering, Christian; Beltran, Sergi; Gerhard, Daniela S; Gut, Marta; Trotta, Jean-Rémi; Whalley, Justin P; Niu, Beifang; Espiritu, Shadrielle M G; Gao, Shengjie; Huang, Yi; Lalansingh, Christopher M; Teague, Jon W; Wendl, Michael C; Abascal, Federico; Bader, Gary D; Bandopadhayay, Pratiti; Barenboim, Jonathan; Brunak, Søren; Carlevaro-Fita, Joana; Chakravarty, Dimple; Chan, Calvin Wing Yiu; Choi, Jung Kyoon; Diamanti, Klev; Fink, J Lynn; Frigola, Joan; Gambacorti-Passerini, Carlo; Garsed, Dale W; Haradhvala, Nicholas J; Harmanci, Arif O; Helmy, Mohamed; Herrmann, Carl; Hobolth, Asger; Hodzic, Ermin; Hong, Chen; Isaev, Keren; Izarzugaza, Jose M G; Johnson, Rory; Juul, Randi Istrup; Kim, Jaegil; Kim, Jong K; Jan Komorowski; Lanzós, Andrés; Larsson, Erik; Lee, Donghoon; Li, Shantao; Li, Xiaotong; Lin, Ziao; Liu, Eric Minwei; Lochovsky, Lucas; Lou, Shaoke; Madsen, Tobias; Marchal, Kathleen; Martinez-Fundichely, Alexander; McGillivray, Patrick D; Meyerson, William; Paczkowska, Marta; Park, Keunchil; Park, Kiejung; Pons, Tirso; Pulido-Tamayo, Sergio; Reyes-Salazar, Iker; Reyna, Matthew A; Rubin, Mark A; Salichos, Leonidas; Sander, Chris; Schumacher, Steven E; Shackleton, Mark; Shen, Ciyue; Shrestha, Raunak; Shuai, Shimin; Tsunoda, Tatsuhiko; Umer, Husen M; Uusküla-Reimand, Liis; Verbeke, Lieven P C; Wadelius, Claes; Wadi, Lina; Warrell, Jonathan; Wu, Guanming; Yu, Jun; Zhang, Jing; Zhang, Xuanping; Zhang, Yan; Zhao, Zhongming; Zou, Lihua; Lawrence, Michael S; Raphael, Benjamin J; Bailey, Peter J; Craft, David; Goldman, Mary J; Aburatani, Hiroyuki; Binder, Hans; Dinh, Huy Q; Heath, Simon C; Hoffmann, Steve; Imbusch, Charles David; Kretzmer, Helene; Laird, Peter W; Martin-Subero, Jose I; Nagae, Genta; Shen, Hui; Wang, Qi; Weichenhan, Dieter; Zhou, Wanding; Berman, Benjamin P; Brors, Benedikt; Plass, Christoph; Akdemir, Kadir C; Bowtell, David D L; Burns, Kathleen H; Busanovich, John; Chan, Kin; Dueso-Barroso, Ana; Edwards, Paul A; Etemadmoghadam, Dariush; Haber, James E; Jones, David T W; Ju, Young Seok; Kazanov, Marat D; Koh, Youngil; Kumar, Kiran; Lee, Eunjung Alice; Lee, Jake June-Koo; Lynch, Andy G; Macintyre, Geoff; Markowetz, Florian; Navarro, Fabio C P; Pearson, John V; Rippe, Karsten; Scully, Ralph; Villasante, Izar; Waddell, Nicola; Yang, Lixing; Yao, Xiaotong; Yoon, Sung-Soo; Zhang, Cheng-Zhong; Bergstrom, Erik N; Boot, Arnoud; Covington, Kyle; Fujimoto, Akihiro; Huang, Mi Ni; Islam, S M Ashiqul; McPherson, John R; Morganella, Sandro; Mustonen, Ville; Ng, Alvin Wei Tian; Prokopec, Stephenie D; Vázquez-García, Ignacio; Wu, Yang; Yousif, Fouad; Yu, Willie; Rozen, Steven G; Rudneva, Vasilisa A; Shringarpure, Suyash S; Turner, Daniel J; Xia, Tian; Atwal, Gurnit; Chang, David K; Cooke, Susanna L; Faltas, Bishoy M; Haider, Syed; Kaiser, Vera B; Karlić, Rosa; Kato, Mamoru; Kübler, Kirsten; Margolin, Adam; Martin, Sancha; Nik-Zainal, Serena; P'ng, Christine; Semple, Colin A; Smith, Jaclyn; Sun, Ren X; Thai, Kevin; Wright, Derek W; Yuan, Ke; Biankin, Andrew V; Garraway, Levi; Grimmond, Sean M; Adams, David J; Anur, Pavana; Cao, Shaolong; Christie, Elizabeth L; Cmero, Marek; Cun, Yupeng; Dawson, Kevin J; Dentro, Stefan C; Deshwar, Amit G; Donmez, Nilgun; Drews, Ruben M; Gerstung, Moritz; Ha, Gavin; Haase, Kerstin; Jerman, Lara; Ji, Yuan; Jolly, Clemency; Lee, Juhee; Lee-Six, Henry; Malikic, Salem; Mitchell, Thomas J; Morris, Quaid D; Oesper, Layla; Peifer, Martin; Peto, Myron; Rosebrock, Daniel; Rubanova, Yulia; Salcedo, Adriana; Sengupta, Subhajit; Shi, Ruian; Shin, Seung Jun; Spiro, Oliver; Vembu, Shankar; Wintersinger, Jeffrey A; Yang, Tsun-Po; Yu, Kaixian; Zhu, Hongtu; Spellman, Paul T; Weinstein, John N; Chen, Yiwen; Fujita, Masashi; Han, Leng; Hasegawa, Takanori; Komura, Mitsuhiro; Li, Jun; Mizuno, Shinichi; Shimizu, Eigo; Wang, Yumeng; Xu, Yanxun; Yamaguchi, Rui; Yang, Fan; Yang, Yang; Yoon, Christopher J; Yuan, Yuan; Liang, Han; Alawi, Malik; Borozan, Ivan; Brewer, Daniel S; Cooper, Colin S; Desai, Nikita; Grundhoff, Adam; Iskar, Murat; Su, Xiaoping; Zapatka, Marc; Lichter, Peter; Alsop, Kathryn; Bruxner, Timothy J C; Christ, Angelika N; Cordner, Stephen M; Cowin, Prue A; Drapkin, Ronny; Fereday, Sian; George, Joshy; Hamilton, Anne; Holmes, Oliver; Hung, Jillian A; Kassahn, Karin S; Kazakoff, Stephen H; Kennedy, Catherine J; Leonard, Conrad R; Mileshkin, Linda; Miller, David K; Arnau, Gisela Mir; Mitchell, Chris; Newell, Felicity; Nones, Katia; Patch, Ann-Marie; Quinn, Michael C; Taylor, Darrin F; Thorne, Heather; Traficante, Nadia; Vedururu, Ravikiran; Waddell, Nick M; Waring, Paul M; Wood, Scott; Xu, Qinying; deFazio, Anna; Anderson, Matthew J; Antonello, Davide; Barbour, Andrew P; Bassi, Claudio; Bersani, Samantha; Cataldo, Ivana; Chantrill, Lorraine A; Chiew, Yoke-Eng; Chou, Angela; Cingarlini, Sara; Cloonan, Nicole; Corbo, Vincenzo; Davi, Maria Vittoria; Duthie, Fraser R; Gill, Anthony J; Graham, Janet S; Harliwong, Ivon; Jamieson, Nigel B; Johns, Amber L; Kench, James G; Landoni, Luca; Lawlor, Rita T; Mafficini, Andrea; Merrett, Neil D; Miotto, Marco; Musgrove, Elizabeth A; Nagrial, Adnan M; Oien, Karin A; Pajic, Marina; Pinese, Mark; Robertson, Alan J; Rooman, Ilse; Rusev, Borislav C; Samra, Jaswinder S; Scardoni, Maria; Scarlett, Christopher J; Scarpa, Aldo; Sereni, Elisabetta; Sikora, Katarzyna O; Simbolo, Michele; Taschuk, Morgan L; Toon, Christopher W; Vicentini, Caterina; Wu, Jianmin; Zeps, Nikolajs; Behren, Andreas; Burke, Hazel; Cebon, Jonathan; Dagg, Rebecca A; De Paoli-Iseppi, Ricardo; Dutton-Regester, Ken; Field, Matthew A; Fitzgerald, Anna; Hersey, Peter; Jakrot, Valerie; Johansson, Peter A; Kakavand, Hojabr; Kefford, Richard F; Lau, Loretta M S; Long, Georgina V; Pickett, Hilda A; Pritchard, Antonia L; Pupo, Gulietta M; Saw, Robyn P M; Schramm, Sarah-Jane; Shang, Catherine A; Shang, Ping; Spillane, Andrew J; Stretch, Jonathan R; Tembe, Varsha; Thompson, John F; Vilain, Ricardo E; Wilmott, James S; Yang, Jean Y; Hayward, Nicholas K; Mann, Graham J; Scolyer, Richard A; Bartlett, John; Bavi, Prashant; Chadwick, Dianne E; Chan-Seng-Yue, Michelle; Cleary, Sean; Connor, Ashton A; Czajka, Karolina; Denroche, Robert E; Dhani, Neesha C; Eagles, Jenna; Gallinger, Steven; Grant, Robert C; Hedley, David; Hollingsworth, Michael A; Jang, Gun Ho; Johns, Jeremy; Kalimuthu, Sangeetha; Liang, Sheng-Ben; Lungu, Ilinca; Luo, Xuemei; Mbabaali, Faridah; McPherson, Treasa A; Miller, Jessica K; Moore, Malcolm J; Notta, Faiyaz; Pasternack, Danielle; Petersen, Gloria M; Roehrl, Michael H A; Sam, Michelle; Selander, Iris; Serra, Stefano; Shahabi, Sagedeh; Thayer, Sarah P; Timms, Lee E; Wilson, Gavin W; Wilson, Julie M; Wouters, Bradly G; McPherson, John D; Beck, Timothy A; Bhandari, Vinayak; Collins, Colin C; Fleshner, Neil E; Fox, Natalie S; Fraser, Michael; Heisler, Lawrence E; Lalonde, Emilie; Livingstone, Julie; Meng, Alice; Sabelnykova, Veronica Y; Shiah, Yu-Jia; Van der Kwast, Theodorus; Bristow, Robert G; Ding, Shuai; Fan, Daiming; Li, Lin; Nie, Yongzhan; Xiao, Xiao; Xing, Rui; Yang, Shanlin; Yu, Yingyan; Zhou, Yong; Banks, Rosamonde E; Bourque, Guillaume; Brennan, Paul; Letourneau, Louis; Riazalhosseini, Yasser; Scelo, Ghislaine; Vasudev, Naveen; Viksna, Juris; Lathrop, Mark; Tost, Jörg; Ahn, Sung-Min; Aparicio, Samuel; Arnould, Laurent; Aure, M R; Bhosle, Shriram G; Birney, Ewan; Borg, Ake; Boyault, Sandrine; Brinkman, Arie B; Brock, Jane E; Broeks, Annegien; Børresen-Dale, Anne-Lise; Caldas, Carlos; Chin, Suet-Feung; Davies, Helen; Desmedt, Christine; Dirix, Luc; Dronov, Serge; Ehinger, Anna; Eyfjord, Jorunn E; Fatima, Aquila; Foekens, John A; Futreal, P Andrew; Garred, Øystein; Giri, Dilip D; Glodzik, Dominik; Grabau, Dorthe; Hilmarsdottir, Holmfridur; Hooijer, Gerrit K; Jacquemier, Jocelyne; Jang, Se Jin; Jonasson, Jon G; Jonkers, Jos; Kim, Hyung-Yong; King, Tari A; Knappskog, Stian; Kong, Gu; Krishnamurthy, Savitri; Lakhani, Sunil R; Langerød, Anita; Larsimont, Denis; Lee, Hee Jin; Lee, Jeong-Yeon; Lee, Ming Ta Michael; Lingjærde, Ole Christian; MacGrogan, Gaetan; Martens, John W M; O'Meara, Sarah; Pauporté, Iris; Pinder, Sarah; Pivot, Xavier; Provenzano, Elena; Purdie, Colin A; Ramakrishna, Manasa; Ramakrishnan, Kamna; Reis-Filho, Jorge; Richardson, Andrea L; Ringnér, Markus; Rodriguez, Javier Bartolomé; Rodríguez-González, F Germán; Romieu, Gilles; Salgado, Roberto; Sauer, Torill; Shepherd, Rebecca; Sieuwerts, Anieta M; Simpson, Peter T; Smid, Marcel; Sotiriou, Christos; Span, Paul N; Stefánsson, Ólafur Andri; Stenhouse, Alasdair; Stunnenberg, Henk G; Sweep, Fred; Tan, Benita Kiat Tee; Thomas, Gilles; Thompson, Alastair M; Tommasi, Stefania; Treilleux, Isabelle; Tutt, Andrew; Ueno, Naoto T; Van Laere, Steven; Van den Eynden, Gert G; Vermeulen, Peter; Viari, Alain; Vincent-Salomon, Anne; Wong, Bernice H; Yates, Lucy; Zou, Xueqing; van Deurzen, Carolien H M; van de Vijver, Marc J; Van't Veer, Laura; Ammerpohl, Ole; Aukema, Sietse; Bergmann, Anke K; Bernhart, Stephan H; Borkhardt, Arndt; Borst, Christoph; Burkhardt, Birgit; Claviez, Alexander; Goebler, Maria Elisabeth; Haake, Andrea; Haas, Siegfried; Hansmann, Martin; Hoell, Jessica I; Hummel, Michael; Karsch, Dennis; Klapper, Wolfram; Kneba, Michael; Kreuz, Markus; Kube, Dieter; Küppers, Ralf; Lenze, Dido; Loeffler, Markus; López, Cristina; Mantovani-Löffler, Luisa; Möller, Peter; Ott, German; Radlwimmer, Bernhard; Richter, Julia; Rohde, Marius; Rosenstiel, Philip C; Rosenwald, Andreas; Schilhabel, Markus B; Schreiber, Stefan; Stadler, Peter F; Staib, Peter; Stilgenbauer, Stephan; Sungalee, Stephanie; Szczepanowski, Monika; Toprak, Umut H; Trümper, Lorenz H P; Wagener, Rabea; Zenz, Thorsten; Hovestadt, Volker; von Kalle, Christof; Kool, Marcel; Korshunov, Andrey; Landgraf, Pablo; Lehrach, Hans; Northcott, Paul A; Pfister, Stefan M; Reifenberger, Guido; Warnatz, Hans-Jörg; Wolf, Stephan; Yaspo, Marie-Laure; Assenov, Yassen; Gerhauser, Clarissa; Minner, Sarah; Schlomm, Thorsten; Simon, Ronald; Sauter, Guido; Sültmann, Holger; Biswas, Nidhan K; Maitra, Arindam; Majumder, Partha P; Sarin, Rajiv; Barbi, Stefano; Bonizzato, Giada; Cantù, Cinzia; Dei Tos, Angelo P; Fassan, Matteo; Grimaldi, Sonia; Luchini, Claudio; Malleo, Giuseppe; Marchegiani, Giovanni; Milella, Michele; Paiella, Salvatore; Pea, Antonio; Pederzoli, Paolo; Ruzzenente, Andrea; Salvia, Roberto; Sperandio, Nicola; Arai, Yasuhito; Hama, Natsuko; Hiraoka, Nobuyoshi; Hosoda, Fumie; Nakamura, Hiromi; Ojima, Hidenori; Okusaka, Takuji; Totoki, Yasushi; Urushidate, Tomoko; Fukayama, Masashi; Ishikawa, Shumpei; Katai, Hitoshi; Katoh, Hiroto; Komura, Daisuke; Rokutan, Hirofumi; Saito-Adachi, Mihoko; Suzuki, Akihiro; Taniguchi, Hirokazu; Tatsuno, Kenji; Ushiku, Tetsuo; Yachida, Shinichi; Yamamoto, Shogo; Aikata, Hiroshi; Arihiro, Koji; Ariizumi, Shun-Ichi; Chayama, Kazuaki; Furuta, Mayuko; Gotoh, Kunihito; Hayami, Shinya; Hirano, Satoshi; Kawakami, Yoshiiku; Maejima, Kazuhiro; Nakamura, Toru; Nakano, Kaoru; Ohdan, Hideki; Sasaki-Oku, Aya; Tanaka, Hiroko; Ueno, Masaki; Yamamoto, Masakazu; Yamaue, Hiroki; Choo, Su Pin; Cutcutache, Ioana; Khuntikeo, Narong; Ong, Choon Kiat; Pairojkul, Chawalit; Popescu, Irinel; Ahn, Keun Soo; Aymerich, Marta; Lopez-Guillermo, Armando; López-Otín, Carlos; Puente, Xose S; Campo, Elias; Amary, Fernanda; Baumhoer, Daniel; Behjati, Sam; Bjerkehagen, Bodil; Futreal, P A; Myklebost, Ola; Pillay, Nischalan; Tarpey, Patrick; Tirabosco, Roberto; Zaikova, Olga; Flanagan, Adrienne M; Boultwood, Jacqueline; Bowen, David T; Cazzola, Mario; Green, Anthony R; Hellstrom-Lindberg, Eva; Malcovati, Luca; Nangalia, Jyoti; Papaemmanuil, Elli; Vyas, Paresh; Ang, Yeng; Barr, Hugh; Beardsmore, Duncan; Eldridge, Matthew; Gossage, James; Grehan, Nicola; Hanna, George B; Hayes, Stephen J; Hupp, Ted R; Khoo, David; Lagergren, Jesper; Lovat, Laurence B; MacRae, Shona; O'Donovan, Maria; O'Neill, J Robert; Parsons, Simon L; Preston, Shaun R; Puig, Sonia; Roques, Tom; Sanders, Grant; Sothi, Sharmila; Tavaré, Simon; Tucker, Olga; Turkington, Richard; Underwood, Timothy J; Welch, Ian; Fitzgerald, Rebecca C; Berney, Daniel M; De Bono, Johann S; Cahill, Declan; Camacho, Niedzica; Dennis, Nening M; Dudderidge, Tim; Edwards, Sandra E; Fisher, Cyril; Foster, Christopher S; Ghori, Mohammed; Gill, Pelvender; Gnanapragasam, Vincent J; Gundem, Gunes; Hamdy, Freddie C; Hawkins, Steve; Hazell, Steven; Howat, William; Isaacs, William B; Karaszi, Katalin; Kay, Jonathan D; Khoo, Vincent; Kote-Jarai, Zsofia; Kremeyer, Barbara; Kumar, Pardeep; Lambert, Adam; Leongamornlert, Daniel A; Livni, Naomi; Lu, Yong-Jie; Luxton, Hayley J; Marsden, Luke; Massie, Charlie E; Matthews, Lucy; Mayer, Erik; McDermott, Ultan; Merson, Sue; Neal, David E; Ng, Anthony; Nicol, David; Ogden, Christopher; Rowe, Edward W; Shah, Nimish C; Thomas, Sarah; Thompson, Alan; Verrill, Clare; Visakorpi, Tapio; Warren, Anne Y; Whitaker, Hayley C; Zhang, Hongwei; van As, Nicholas; Eeles, Rosalind A; Abeshouse, Adam; Agrawal, Nishant; Akbani, Rehan; Al-Ahmadie, Hikmat; Albert, Monique; Aldape, Kenneth; Ally, Adrian; Appelbaum, Elizabeth L; Armenia, Joshua; Asa, Sylvia; Auman, J Todd; Balasundaram, Miruna; Balu, Saianand; Barnholtz-Sloan, Jill; Bathe, Oliver F; Baylin, Stephen B; Benz, Christopher; Berchuck, Andrew; Berrios, Mario; Bigner, Darell; Birrer, Michael; Bodenheimer, Tom; Boice, Lori; Bootwalla, Moiz S; Bosenberg, Marcus; Bowlby, Reanne; Boyd, Jeffrey; Broaddus, Russell R; Brock, Malcolm; Brooks, Denise; Bullman, Susan; Caesar-Johnson, Samantha J; Carey, Thomas E; Carlsen, Rebecca; Cerfolio, Robert; Chandan, Vishal S; Chen, Hsiao-Wei; Cherniack, Andrew D; Chien, Jeremy; Cho, Juok; Chuah, Eric; Cibulskis, Carrie; Cope, Leslie; Cordes, Matthew G; Curley, Erin; Czerniak, Bogdan; Danilova, Ludmila; Davis, Ian J; Defreitas, Timothy; Demchok, John A; Dhalla, Noreen; Dhir, Rajiv; Doddapaneni, HarshaVardhan; El-Naggar, Adel; Felau, Ina; Ferguson, Martin L; Finocchiaro, Gaetano; Fong, Kwun M; Frazer, Scott; Friedman, William; Fronick, Catrina C; Fulton, Lucinda A; Gabriel, Stacey B; Gao, Jianjiong; Gehlenborg, Nils; Gershenwald, Jeffrey E; Ghossein, Ronald; Giama, Nasra H; Gibbs, Richard A; Gomez, Carmen; Govindan, Ramaswamy; Hayes, D Neil; Hegde, Apurva M; Heiman, David I; Heins, Zachary; Hepperla, Austin J; Holbrook, Andrea; Holt, Robert A; Hoyle, Alan P; Hruban, Ralph H; Hu, Jianhong; Huang, Mei; Huntsman, David; Huse, Jason; Iacobuzio-Donahue, Christine A; Ittmann, Michael; Jayaseelan, Joy C; Jefferys, Stuart R; Jones, Corbin D; Jones, Steven J M; Juhl, Hartmut; Kang, Koo Jeong; Karlan, Beth; Kasaian, Katayoon; Kebebew, Electron; Kim, Hark Kyun; Korchina, Viktoriya; Kundra, Ritika; Lai, Phillip H; Lander, Eric; Le, Xuan; Lee, Darlene; Levine, Douglas A; Lewis, Lora; Ley, Tim; Li, Haiyan Irene; Lin, Pei; Linehan, W M; Liu, Fei Fei; Lu, Yiling; Lype, Lisa; Ma, Yussanne; Maglinte, Dennis T; Mardis, Elaine R; Marks, Jeffrey; Marra, Marco A; Matthew, Thomas J; Mayo, Michael; McCune, Karen; Meier, Samuel R; Meng, Shaowu; Mieczkowski, Piotr A; Mikkelsen, Tom; Miller, Christopher A; Mills, Gordon B; Moore, Richard A; Morrison, Carl; Mose, Lisle E; Moser, Catherine D; Mungall, Andrew J; Mungall, Karen; Mutch, David; Muzny, Donna M; Myers, Jerome; Newton, Yulia; Noble, Michael S; O'Donnell, Peter; O'Neill, Brian Patrick; Ochoa, Angelica; Park, Joong-Won; Parker, Joel S; Pass, Harvey; Pastore, Alessandro; Pennell, Nathan A; Perou, Charles M; Petrelli, Nicholas; Potapova, Olga; Rader, Janet S; Ramalingam, Suresh; Rathmell, W Kimryn; Reuter, Victor; Reynolds, Sheila M; Ringel, Matthew; Roach, Jeffrey; Roberts, Lewis R; Robertson, A Gordon; Sadeghi, Sara; Saller, Charles; Sanchez-Vega, Francisco; Schadendorf, Dirk; Schein, Jacqueline E; Schmidt, Heather K; Schultz, Nikolaus; Seethala, Raja; Senbabaoglu, Yasin; Shelton, Troy; Shi, Yan; Shih, Juliann; Shmulevich, Ilya; Shriver, Craig; Signoretti, Sabina; Simons, Janae V; Singer, Samuel; Sipahimalani, Payal; Skelly, Tara J; Smith-McCune, Karen; Socci, Nicholas D; Soloway, Matthew G; Sood, Anil K; Tam, Angela; Tan, Donghui; Tarnuzzer, Roy; Thiessen, Nina; Thompson, R Houston; Thorne, Leigh B; Tsao, Ming; Umbricht, Christopher; Van Den Berg, David J; Van Meir, Erwin G; Veluvolu, Umadevi; Voet, Douglas; Wang, Linghua; Weinberger, Paul; Weisenberger, Daniel J; Wigle, Dennis; Wilkerson, Matthew D; Wilson, Richard K; Winterhoff, Boris; Wiznerowicz, Maciej; Wong, Tina; Wong, Winghing; Xi, Liu; Yau, Christina; Zhang, Hailei; Zhang, Hongxin; Zhang, Jiashan
Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1-3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658Â whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4-5Â driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10-18.
PMID: 32025007
ISSN: 1476-4687
CID: 5018742

Twenty-four-hour packed red blood cell requirement is the strongest independent prognostic marker of mortality in ED trauma patients

Arslan, Albert; Flax, Lindsey; Fraser, Robert; Kanter, Marc; Simon, Ronald; Caputo, Nicholas D
BACKGROUND:Injury severity score, serum lactate, and shock index help the physician determine the severity of injuries present and have been shown to relate to mortality. We sought to determine if an increasing amount of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) given in the first 24hours of admission is an independent predictor of mortality and how it compares to other validated markers. METHODS:A 6-year retrospective, observational study of adult trauma patients was conducted at a level 1 trauma center. Charts were reviewed for demographic data, amount of PRBC received in the first 24hours, injury severity score, shock index, and lactate levels. Subgroups were used to determine if each variable was an independent predictor of mortality. Correlation coefficients and linear regression were used to determine the strength of correlation between each variable and mortality. RESULTS:One hundred fifty-seven patients met criteria over a 6-year period. The average age was 28years, 93% were male, and 86% had penetrating injuries. The average injury severity score, serum lactate, and shock index were 18, 6.1, and 0.9, respectively. The average amount of blood given was 6.7 U. CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:Twenty-four-hour PRBC requirement is both a novel independent predictor of and has the greatest correlation to mortality in adult trauma patients when compared to injury severity score, shock index, and serum lactate.
PMID: 27066932
ISSN: 1532-8171
CID: 3693242

Fatal Falls in New York City: An Autopsy Analysis of Injury Patterns

Obeid, Nabeel R; Bryk, Darren Jeremy; Lee, Timothy; Hemmert, Keith C; Frangos, Spiros G; Simon, Ronald J; Pachter, H Leon; Cohen, Steven M
INTRODUCTION: Falls from heights are an important cause of unintentional fatal injury. We investigated the relationship between the characteristics of fatal falls and resulting injury patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed prospectively collected data from the Office of Chief Medical Examiner in New York City between 2000 and 2010. Data included fall height, work or non-work related, use of safety equipment, intentionality, specific organ injuries, and death on impact. The primary outcome was organ injury based on fall height. RESULTS: Higher falls were associated with hemorrhage as well as rib and various organ injuries. Organ injury pattern did not differ based on work status. The presence of equipment misuse or malfunction was associated with more deaths upon impact. Victims of falls from 200 ft or higher were 11.59 times more likely to die on impact than from lower than 25 ft. CONCLUSIONS: Fall height and work-related falls were significantly associated with death on impact. This is a public health issue, as 13% of falls were work related and 4% of falls were due to improper use of safety equipment. Some work-related falls are potentially preventable with proper safety equipment use. Understanding patterns of injury may play a role in prevention and management of survivors in the acute period.
PMID: 26825256
ISSN: 1533-404x
CID: 2044112

Comparing biomarkers of traumatic shock: the utility of anion gap, base excess, and serum lactate in the ED

Caputo, Nicholas D; Kanter, Marc; Fraser, Robert; Simon, Ronald
BACKGROUND:Biomarkers such as serum lactate, anion gap (AG), and base excess (BE) have been shown to be of use in determining shock in patients with seemingly normal vital signs. We seek to determine if these biomarkers can be used interchangeably in patients with trauma in the emergency setting based on their test characteristics and correlation to each other. METHODS:A prospective observational cohort study was undertaken at an urban level 1 trauma center. Baseline vital signs, point-of-care BE, AG, and serum lactate were recorded in all patients who presented for trauma. Correlation was determined by linear regression model. Overall test characteristics and relative risk were calculated. RESULTS:One hundred patients were enrolled. The median age was 30 years (interquartile range, 24-42 years), and 89% were male. Fifty-three percent of injuries were blunt trauma. Pearson correlation of serum lactate to BE was -0.81 (r(2) = 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53-0.75; P < .001), that of BE to AG was -0.71 (r(2) = 0.5; 95% CI, -0.80 to -0.57; P < .01), and that for serum lactate to AG was 0.71 (r(2) = 0.5; 95% CI, 0.57-0.80; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrates that the biomarkers have similar test characteristics which may make them interchangeable as indicators for the presence of occult shock in patients with trauma. Lactate and BE correlate well with each other; however, AG was not as strongly correlated with either.
PMID: 26027886
ISSN: 1532-8171
CID: 3693312

Determining the utility of metabolic acidosis for trauma patients in the emergency department

Summersgill, Andrew; Kanter, Marc; Fraser, Robert M; Caputo, Nicholas D; Simon, Ronald
BACKGROUND:Metabolic acidosis has been proposed as the gold standard to define shock in trauma patients. Other studies determine the presence of shock by use of serum lactate. However, not all medical centers have the ability to utilize point-of-care lactate at bedside. OBJECTIVE:This study seeks to determine the relationship between serum lactate and metabolic acidemia in trauma patients, and if metabolic acidemia can be used to guide therapy. We hypothesized that acidemia would be strongly correlated with lactate levels and would be associated with activation of massive transfusion (MT) in the presence of shock in trauma. METHODS:This was a prospective observational cohort study, level II evidence; this study aids in decision-making. Setting was a Level I academic, urban trauma center. The study took place from July 1, 2012 to March 1, 2013 and included patients who were ≥18 years old and required trauma team activation. Observations included baseline demographics (age, gender, type of injury), vital signs, point-of-care arterial blood gas, lactate, and need for MT. RESULTS:One hundred patients were enrolled over the study period. The average age was 34 years, and 82% were male. Forty patients were acidemic (pH < 7.35), and there was a significant difference in lactate levels between the acidemic and non-acidemic groups (p < 0.002). We found a strong correlation between pH and lactate: rs = -0.38, t = -4.03, p < 0.001. In addition, using a logistic regression, we show that pH was associated with activation of MT (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:This is a prospective observational cohort study with level II evidence. This study demonstrates that acidemia was strongly correlated to serum lactate, lactate levels were higher in the acidemic group, and metabolic acidemia was associated with the activation of MT for trauma patients at our institution.
PMID: 25802159
ISSN: 0736-4679
CID: 3693302

Accelerated glycolysis in adipose tissue macrophages triggers HIF-1alpha in obesity and promotes insulin resistance [Meeting Abstract]

Ramkhelawon, B; Ouimet, M; Simon, R; Yan, B; Spiro, W; Moore, K J
During obesity, macrophages (Mo) accumulate in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT), giving rise to a state of chronic, low-grade inflammation that promotes insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that activation of HIF-1alpha in highly-metabolically active Mo sustains inflammation in obese VAT and promotes metabolic dysfunction. We show that hypoxic Mo, like M1-polarized Mo, shift their metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, leading to the accumulation of HIF-1alpha-stabilizing intermediates. Extracellular flux analysis showed that treating Mo with the hypoxia mimetic CoCl2 or the saturated fatty acid palmitate reduced cellular oxygen consumption and increased the rate of extracellular acidification indicative of enhanced glycolysis. Metabolites known to accumulate during persistent glycolysis, such as succinate and lactic acid, activated HIF-1alpha in Mo and promoted inflammatory gene expression. To test the role of Mo HIF-1alpha in promoting VAT inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in obesity, we fed wild type or Mo-specific HIF-1alpha knock-out mice a high-fat diet (60% kcal fat) for 20 weeks. Notably, the ablation of HIF-1alpha in Mo reduced VAT inflammation as indicated by the reduced accumulation of F4/80+ cells and decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNFalpha, IL-6, MCP-1). In addition, adipose tissue Mo isolated from Mo-HIF-1alpha knock-out mice showed increased expression of markers characteristic of M2 reparative Mo (Ym1, Fizz1, Aldh2) and reduced expression of M1 inflammatory Mo markers (Ccl2, Il1b), compared to Mo from WT mice. Furthermore, Mo-HIF-1alpha knock-out mice showed improved glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, and reduced plasma insulin and free fatty acid levels compared to WT mice. Together, these data indicate that activation of HIF-1alpha in VAT Mo during obesity promotes tissue inflammation and insulin resistance
EMBASE:72202370
ISSN: 1079-5642
CID: 2015052

BAZ2A (TIP5) is involved in epigenetic alterations in prostate cancer and its overexpression predicts disease recurrence

Gu, Lei; Frommel, Sandra C; Oakes, Christopher C; Simon, Ronald; Grupp, Katharina; Gerig, Cristina Y; Bar, Dominik; Robinson, Mark D; Baer, Constance; Weiss, Melanie; Gu, Zuguang; Schapira, Matthieu; Kuner, Ruprecht; Sultmann, Holger; Provenzano, Maurizio; Yaspo, Marie-Laure; Brors, Benedikt; Korbel, Jan; Schlomm, Thorsten; Sauter, Guido; Eils, Roland; Plass, Christoph; Santoro, Raffaella
Prostate cancer is driven by a combination of genetic and/or epigenetic alterations. Epigenetic alterations are frequently observed in all human cancers, yet how aberrant epigenetic signatures are established is poorly understood. Here we show that the gene encoding BAZ2A (TIP5), a factor previously implicated in epigenetic rRNA gene silencing, is overexpressed in prostate cancer and is paradoxically involved in maintaining prostate cancer cell growth, a feature specific to cancer cells. BAZ2A regulates numerous protein-coding genes and directly interacts with EZH2 to maintain epigenetic silencing at genes repressed in metastasis. BAZ2A overexpression is tightly associated with a molecular subtype displaying a CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). Finally, high BAZ2A levels serve as an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence in a cohort of 7,682 individuals with prostate cancer. This work identifies a new aberrant role for the epigenetic regulator BAZ2A, which can also serve as a useful marker for metastatic potential in prostate cancer.
PMID: 25485837
ISSN: 1061-4036
CID: 1393432

Patterns of Traumatic Injury in New York City Prisoners Requiring Hospital Admission

Henning, Justin; Frangos, Spiros; Simon, Ronald; Pachter, H Leon; Bholat, Omar S
Bellevue Hospital's prison ward cares for male prisoners requiring medical attention that exceeds the capabilities of New York City Department of Correction (NYC-DOC) infirmaries. This study evaluated the injury patterns that occur in this patient population. Data were collected on consecutive prisoners transferred from NYC-DOC for traumatic injuries from June 1, 2003, to June 1, 2006, and analyzed by retrospective chart review. Overall, 251 patients were evaluated for traumatic injuries. Injury mechanisms were violent (75.7%), nonviolent (23.5%), and self-inflicted (0.8%). Of the 241 (96%) patients admitted, 213 (84.9%) required operative intervention. The most common injuries were mandible fractures (46.5%) and facial fractures (14.9%).
PMID: 25559630
ISSN: 1078-3458
CID: 1428832

Risky Behaviors Associated With Pediatric Pedestrians and Bicyclists Struck by Motor Vehicles

Glass, Nina E; Frangos, Spiros G; Simon, Ronald J; Bholat, Omar S; Todd, S Rob; Wilson, Chad; Jacko, Sally; Slaughter, Dekeya; Foltin, George; Levine, Deborah A
OBJECTIVE: Road safety constitutes a crisis with important health and economic impacts. In 2010, 11,000 pedestrians and 3500 bicyclists were injured by motor vehicles in New York City (NYC). Motor vehicle injuries represent the second leading cause of injury-related deaths in NYC children aged 5 to 14 years. To better target injury prevention strategies, we evaluated demographics, behaviors, environmental factors, injuries, and outcomes of pediatric pedestrians and bicyclists struck by motor vehicles in NYC. METHODS: Pediatric data were extracted from a prospectively collected database of pedestrians and bicyclists struck by motor vehicles and treated at a level I regional trauma center between December 2008 and June 2011. Patients, guardians, and first responders were interviewed and medical records were reviewed. Institutional review board approval was granted and verbal consent was obtained. RESULTS: Of the 1457 patients, 168 (12%) were younger than 18 years. Compared with injured adults, children were more likely to be in male sex (69% vs 53%), to have minor injuries (83% vs 73% for injury severity scores of <9), and to be discharged without admission (69% vs 67%). Midblock crossings were more common in children pedestrians than in adults (37% vs 19%), often despite supervision (48%). Electronic device use among teenagers aged 13 to 17 years was nearly 3 times that of adults (28% vs 11%). CONCLUSIONS: Risky behaviors are common among pediatric pedestrians and bicyclists injured by motor vehicles. Road safety education and prevention strategies must stress compliance with traffic laws, readdress the importance of supervision, and reinforce avoidance of common distractors including electronic devices.
PMID: 24849277
ISSN: 0749-5161
CID: 1012932

A community traffic safety analysis of pedestrian and bicyclist injuries based on the catchment area of a trauma center

Slaughter, Dekeya R; Williams, Nick; Wall, Stephen P; Glass, Nina E; Simon, Ronald; Todd, S Rob; Bholat, Omar S; Jacko, Sally; Roe, Matthew; Wilson, Chad T; Levine, Deborah A; Marshall, Gary; Ayoung-Chee, Patricia; Pachter, H Leon; Frangos, Spiros G
BACKGROUND: This study was designed to examine the characteristics of pedestrian and bicyclist collisions with motor vehicles within New York City's high-density hub. The primary objectives were to map crash locations and to identify hot spots within these injury clusters. The secondary objective was to quantify differences in injury severity based on road type and user behaviors. METHODS: Between December 2008 and June 2011, data were prospectively collected from pedestrians and bicyclists struck by motor vehicles and brought to Bellevue Hospital, a Level 1 trauma center in New York City. Behaviors by cohort (i.e., crossing patterns for pedestrians, riding patterns for bicyclists), Injury Severity Score (ISS), and collision locations were extracted from the database. Analyses of mean ISS were performed using a Student's t test with a p < 0.05 considered significant. Geomaps were created to identify clusters or "hot spots," where higher volumes of crashes occurred over time. Spatial analysis was performed to demonstrate whether these were random events. RESULTS: A total of 1,457 patients (1,075 pedestrians and 382 bicyclists) were enrolled. Collision locations were known for 97.5%. Of the injured pedestrians, those crossing avenues (n = 277) had higher ISSs than those crossing streets (n = 522) (p = 0.01) and were more likely to die (p = 0.002). Pedestrians crossing midblock (n = 185) had higher mean ISSs than those crossing with the signal in the crosswalk (n = 320) (8.12 vs. 5.01, p < 0.001). Based on density mapping, hot spots of pedestrian collisions were detected in midtown Manhattan, while hot spots for bicyclists were detected at bridge and tunnel portals. Spatial analysis indicates that these are not random events (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Pedestrians injured on avenues sustained more serious injuries than those injured on narrower streets. A better understanding of collision locations and features may allow for tailored injury prevention strategies. Trauma centers serve an important role in public health surveillance within their local communities. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Epidemiologic study, level III.
PMID: 24662878
ISSN: 2163-0755
CID: 884192