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Innovating Parkinson's Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Telemedicine Depression Treatment

Dobkin, Roseanne D; Mann, Sarah L; Weintraub, Daniel; Rodriguez, Kailyn M; Miller, Rachael B; St Hill, Lauren; King, Arlene; Gara, Michael A; Interian, Alejandro
BACKGROUND:For several decades, a myriad of factors have contributed to the inadequate diagnosis and management of depression in Parkinson's disease (PD), leaving up to 60% of significantly symptomatic patients untreated. Poor access to evidence-based neuropsychiatric care is one major barrier to achieving optimal Parkinson's outcomes. OBJECTIVE:The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of individual Parkinson's-informed, video-to-home cognitive-behavioral therapy (experimental group), to clinic-based treatment as usual (control group), for depression in PD. METHOD/METHODS:Ninety United States military veterans with clinical diagnoses of both depression and PD were computer-randomized (1:1) to either the experimental or control group; randomization was stratified by baseline antidepressant use and blind to all other baseline data. The acute treatment period spanned 10 weeks and was followed by a 6-month extension phase. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was the a priori primary outcome. Depression treatment response was defined as a score ≤2 on the Clinical Global Impression Improvement Scale. All statistical analyses were intent to treat. RESULTS:Video-to-home cognitive-behavioral therapy outperformed clinic-based treatment as usual across three separate depression measures (P < 0.001). Effects were observed at the end of acute treatment and maintained through 6-month follow-up. Number needed to treat (based on treatment response classification) was 2.5 with an absolute risk reduction of 40%. CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:Video-to-home cognitive-behavioral therapy may be an effective intervention to bypass access barriers to specialized, evidence-based depression care in PD and to address the unmet neuropsychiatric treatment needs of the Parkinson's community. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
PMID: 33710659
ISSN: 1531-8257
CID: 4842922

Criticism in the Parkinson's Caregiving Relationship: A Key Target for Intervention

Interian, Alejandro; Mann, Sarah L; Mavandadi, Shahrzad; St Hill, Lauren M; Kashan, Rachel; Rodriguez, Kailyn M; Dobkin, Roseanne D
INTRODUCTION/UNASSIGNED:Caregiver distress is prevalent in Parkinson's disease (PD) and predictive of negative health outcomes for both people with PD and caregivers. To identify future intervention targets, it is important to better elucidate the specific processes, such as criticism, that perpetuate burden. OBJECTIVE/UNASSIGNED:Evaluate the frequency and impact of criticism and reactivity to criticism in PD caregiving dyads. METHODS/UNASSIGNED:Eighty-three people with PD and their caregivers independently completed measures of criticism and physical and emotional health. RESULTS/UNASSIGNED:Criticism in the caregiving relationship was reported by 71.1% (n = 59) of people with PD and 80.7% (n = 67) of caregivers. Both perceived criticism and emotional reactivity to criticism were significant predictors of caregiver distress, adjusting for PD motor and non-motor symptom severity. In contrast, criticism was not related to PD depression. CONCLUSION/UNASSIGNED:Criticism in the PD caregiving relationship is a clear target for psychotherapeutic intervention and may improve caregiver health and quality of life.
PMID: 34607483
ISSN: 0891-9887
CID: 5027002

Biological causal beliefs and depression stigma: the moderating effects of first- and second-hand experience with depression

Mann, Sarah L; Contrada, Richard J
Background: Essentialist theory (ET) links biological attributions for mental illnesses to pessimistic prognostic beliefs and stigma. The commonsense model (CSM) provides a nuanced framework for studying illness beliefs as shaped by experience.Aims: ET-informed hypotheses linking causal and prognostic beliefs and stigmatizing attitudes concerning depression were tested using CSM constructs with a focus on the moderating effects of self-reported experience with this disorder.Methods: U.S. adults (N = 319) completed online questionnaires assessing depression-related beliefs, attitudes and experience. Multiple regression analysis focused on predictive effects of neurobiological and genetic attributions. Potential mediators (prognosis) and moderators (experience) of the biological attribution-stigma link also were tested.Results: Neurobiological attributions predicted viewing depression as more consequential, longer lasting, and unexpectedly, more treatable. Neurobiological attributions were inversely related to stigma, a link partially mediated by beliefs about depression's consequences and duration. However, both biological attributions' relationships to stigma were moderated by experience. Stronger biological attributions predicted less stigma specifically among participants reporting first- or second-hand experience with depression.Conclusion: Experience with depression may shape the relationships of specific causal and prognostic beliefs with depression stigma. Psychoeducation in clinical and public health contexts may be informed by further research using CSM constructs.
PMID: 32336182
ISSN: 1360-0567
CID: 4842912

Telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled trial

Dobkin, Roseanne D; Mann, Sarah L; Gara, Michael A; Interian, Alejandro; Rodriguez, Kailyn M; Menza, Matthew
OBJECTIVE:To determine whether, for patients with depression and Parkinson disease (PD), telephone-based cognitive-behavioral treatment (T-CBT) alleviates depressive symptoms significantly more than treatment as usual (TAU), we conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of a 10-session T-CBT intervention for depression in PD, compared to TAU. METHODS:Seventy-two people with PD (PWP) were randomized to T-CBT + TAU or TAU only. T-CBT tailored to PWPs' unique needs was provided weekly for 3 months, then monthly during 6-month follow-up. CBT targeted negative thoughts (e.g., "I have no control"; "I am helpless") and behaviors (e.g., social withdrawal, excessive worry). It also trained care partners to help PWP practice healthy habits. Blind raters assessed outcomes at baseline, midtreatment, treatment end, and 1 and 6 months post-treatment. Analyses were intent to treat. RESULTS:< 0.0001). Improvements were moderated by a reduction in negative thoughts in the T-CBT group only, reflecting treatment target engagement. CONCLUSIONS:T-CBT may be an effective depression intervention that addresses a significant unmet PD treatment need and bypasses access barriers to multidisciplinary, evidence-based care. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER:NCT02505737. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE:This study provides Class I evidence that for patients with depression and PD, T-CBT significantly alleviated depressive symptoms compared to usual care.
PMID: 32238507
ISSN: 1526-632x
CID: 4842902

Cognitive behavioral therapy improves diverse profiles of depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease

Dobkin, Roseanne D; Mann, Sarah L; Interian, Alejandro; Gara, Michael A; Menza, Matthew
OBJECTIVE:Depression is among the most common and debilitating nonmotor complaints in Parkinson's disease (PD), yet there is a paucity of controlled research to guide treatment. Little research has focused on the extent to which specific depressive symptom profiles may dictate unique clinical recommendations to ultimately improve treatment outcomes. The current study examined the impact of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on different types of depressive symptoms in PD. It was hypothesized that the cognitive (eg, guilt, rumination, and negative attitudes towards self) and behavioral (eg, avoidance and procrastination) symptoms targeted most intensively by the treatment protocol would show the most robust response. The extent to which stabilized antidepressant use moderated specific symptom change was examined on an exploratory basis. METHOD:Eighty depressed people with PD participated in a randomized controlled trial of CBT plus clinical management, versus clinical management only. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) subscale scores, reflecting depressive symptom heterogeneity in PD, were the focus of this investigation. RESULTS:CBT response was associated with significant improvements in mood, sleep, anxiety, and somatic symptoms (HAMD), and negative attitudes toward self, performance impairment, and somatic symptoms (BDI). As hypothesized, the largest effect sizes were observed for cognitive and behavioral (vs somatic) symptoms of depression. Stabilized antidepressant use moderated the effect of CBT on somatic complaints (HAMD and BDI). CONCLUSIONS:CBT may improve a diverse array of depressive symptoms in PD. Cognitive and behavioral (vs somatic) symptoms showed the greatest change. Combining CBT with antidepressants may help optimize the management of somatic complaints in depression in PD (dPD).
PMID: 30714202
ISSN: 1099-1166
CID: 4842892

Integrating affective and cognitive correlates of heart rate variability: A structural equation modeling approach

Mann, Sarah L; Selby, Edward A; Bates, Marsha E; Contrada, Richard J
High frequency heart rate variability (HRV) is a measure of neurocardiac communication thought to reflect predominantly parasympathetic cardiac regulation. Low HRV has been associated empirically with clinical and subclinical levels of anxiety and depression and, more recently, high levels of HRV have been associated with better performance on some measures of executive functioning (EF). These findings have offered support for theories proposing HRV as an index measure of a broad, self-regulatory capacity underlying aspects of emotion regulation and executive control. This study sought to test that proposition by using a structural equation modeling approach to examine the relationships of HRV to negative affect (NA) and EF in a large sample of U.S. adults ages 30s-80s. HRV was modeled as a predictor of an NA factor (self-reported trait anxiety and depression symptoms) and an EF factor (performance on three neuropsychological tests tapping facets of executive abilities). Alternative models also were tested to determine the utility of HRV for predicting NA and EF, with and without statistical control of demographic and health-related covariates. In the initial structural model, HRV showed a significant positive relationship to EF and a nonsignificant relationship to NA. In a covariate-adjusted model, HRV's associations with both constructs were nonsignificant. Age emerged as the only significant predictor of NA and EF in the final model, showing inverse relationships to both. Findings may reflect population and methodological differences from prior research; they also suggest refinements to the interpretations of earlier findings and theoretical claims regarding HRV.
PMCID:4980075
PMID: 26168884
ISSN: 1872-7697
CID: 4842882

Anterior and posterior cingulate cortex volume in healthy adults: effects of aging and gender differences

Mann, Sarah L; Hazlett, Erin A; Byne, William; Hof, Patrick R; Buchsbaum, Monte S; Cohen, Barry H; Goldstein, Kim E; Haznedar, M Mehmet; Mitsis, Effie M; Siever, Larry J; Chu, King-Wai
The cingulate cortex frequently shows gray matter loss with age as well as gender differences in structure and function, but little is known about whether individual cingulate Brodmann areas show gender-specific patterns of age-related volume decline. This study examined age-related changes, gender differences, and the interaction of age and gender in the relative volume of cingulate gray matter in areas 25, 24, 31, 23, and 29, over seven decades of adulthood. Participants included healthy, age-matched men and women, aged 20-87 (n=70). Main findings were as follows: (1) The whole cingulate showed significant age-related volume declines (averaging 5.54% decline between decades, 20s-80s). Each of the five cingulate areas also showed a significant decline with age, and individual areas showed different patterns of decline across the decades: Smaller volume with age was most evident in area 31, followed by 25 and 24. (2) Women had relatively larger cingulate gray matter volume than men overall and in area 24. (3) Men and women showed different patterns of age-related volume decline in area 31, at midlife and late in life. By delineating normal gender differences and age-related morphometric changes in the cingulate cortex over seven decades of adulthood, this study improves the baseline for comparison with structural irregularities in the cingulate cortex associated with psychopathology. The Brodmann area-based approach also facilitates comparisons across studies that aim to draw inferences between age- and gender-related structural differences in the cingulate gyrus and corresponding differences in cingulate function.
PMCID:3134959
PMID: 21669408
ISSN: 1872-6240
CID: 4842872