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Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on drug overdoses in the United States and the effect on cardiac transplant volume and survival

Phillips, Katherine G; James, Les; Rabadi, Marie; Grossi, Eugene A; Smith, Deane; Galloway, Aubrey C; Moazami, Nader
BACKGROUND:Drug overdose (DO) deaths rose to unprecedented levels during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study examines the impact of COVID-19 on the availability of cardiac allografts from DO donors and the implications of DO donor use on recipient survival. METHODS:Heart transplants reported to the United Network for Organ Sharing from January 2017 to November 2019 ("pre-COVID") and from March 2020 to June 2021 ("COVID pandemic") were analyzed with respect to DO donor status. Outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression to identify predictors of survival. Characteristics of discarded cardiac allografts were also compared by DO donor status. RESULTS:During the COVID-19 pandemic, 27.2% of cardiac allografts were from DO donors vs 20.5% pre-COVID, a 32.7% increase (p < 0.001). During the pandemic, DO donors were younger (84.7% vs 76.3% <40 years, p < 0.001), had higher cigarette use (16.1% vs 10.8%, p < 0.001), higher cocaine use (47.4% vs 19.7%, p < 0.001), and higher incidence of hepatitis C antibodies (26.8% vs 6.1%, p < 0.001) and RNA positivity (16.2% vs 4.2%, p < 0.001). While DO donors were less likely to require inotropic support (30.8% vs 35.4%, p = 0.008), they were more likely to have received cardiopulmonary resuscitation (95.3% vs 43.2%, p < 0.001). Recipient survival was equivalent using Kaplan-Meier analysis (log-rank, p = 0.33) and survival probability at 36 months was 85.6% (n at risk = 398) for DO donors vs 83.5% (n at risk = 1,633) for all other donors. Cox regression demonstrated that DO donor status did not predict mortality (hazard ratio 1.05; 95% confidence interval 0.90-1.23, p = 0.53). CONCLUSIONS:During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a 32.7% increase in heart transplants utilizing DO donor hearts, and DO became the most common mechanism of death for donors. The use of DO donor hearts did not have an impact on short-term recipient survival.
PMID: 37890684
ISSN: 1557-3117
CID: 5620362

Commentary: United Network for Organ Sharing policies work, but progress only occurs at the speed of a snail: A need for expeditious adjustments [Editorial]

Reyentovich, Alex; Smith, Deane; Moazami, Nader
PMID: 37354946
ISSN: 1097-685x
CID: 5543072

181: THROMBOELASTOGRAPHY WITH PLATELET MAPPING IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS ON PROSTACYCLIN ANALOGUES

Merchan, Cristian; Arnouk, Serena; Smith, Deane; Katz, Alyson; Lewis, Tyler; Papadopoulos, John; Connery, Alexander
SCOPUS:85181045875
ISSN: 0090-3493
CID: 5630402

Routine Extubation in the Operating Room After Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass

James, Les; Smith, Deane E; Galloway, Aubrey C; Paone, Darien; Allison, Michael; Shrivastava, Shashwat; Vaynblat, Mikhail; Swistel, Daniel G; Loulmet, Didier F; Grossi, Eugene A; Williams, Mathew R; Zias, Elias
BACKGROUND:The benefits of fast-track extubation in the intensive care unit (ICU) after cardiac surgery are well established. Although extubation in the operating room (OR) is safe in carefully selected patients, widespread use of this strategy in cardiac surgery remains unproven. This study was designed to evaluate perioperative outcomes with OR vs ICU extubation in patients undergoing nonemergency, isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS:The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) data for all single-center patients who underwent nonemergency isolated CABG over a 6-year interval were analyzed. Perioperative morbidity and mortality with ICU vs OR extubation were compared. RESULTS:Between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2022, 1397 patients underwent nonemergency, isolated CABG; 891 (63.8%) of these patients were extubated in the ICU, and 506 (36.2%) were extubated in the OR. Propensity matching resulted in 414 pairs. In the propensity-matched cohort, there were no differences between the 2 groups in incidence of reintubation, reoperation for bleeding, total operative time, stroke or transient ischemic attack, renal failure, or 30-day mortality. OR-extubated patients had shorter ICU hours (14 hours vs 20 hours; P < .0001), shorter postoperative hospital length of stay (3 days vs 5 days; P < .0001), a greater likelihood of being discharged directly to home (97.3% vs 89.9%; P < .0001), and a lower 30-day readmission rate (1.7% vs 4.1%; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS:Routine extubation in the OR is a feasible and safe strategy for a broad spectrum of patients after nonemergency CABG, with no increase in perioperative morbidity or mortality. Wider adoption of routine OR extubation for nonemergency CABG is indicated.
PMID: 37806334
ISSN: 1552-6259
CID: 5605312

Endovascular stenting of the ascending aorta for visceral malperfusion in a patient with type A aortic dissection

Garg, Karan; Pergamo, Matthew; Jiang, Jeffrey; Smith, Deane
A type A aortic dissection is a challenging condition for both cardiothoracic and vascular surgeons. Although open surgery remains the gold standard, there is considerable interest in the use of endovascular techniques for patients who present with malperfusion. We present the case of an unstable 55-year-old man with visceral malperfusion from a type A dissection who was stabilized using an endovascular technique as a bridge to open surgery. A bare metal thoracic endograft was used in the ascending aorta to rapidly restore perfusion. This hybrid approach to the problem of malperfusion in type A dissection could be useful for these patients with complicated cases.
SCOPUS:85175559772
ISSN: 2468-4287
CID: 5614652

Commentary: Direct cardiac compression device for biventricular support: If we put lipstick on a pig, is it still a pig? [Editorial]

Moazami, Nader; Smith, Deane
PMID: 34924196
ISSN: 1097-685x
CID: 5108672

Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy With Myocardial Calcinosis Masquerading as Cardiac Amyloidosis

Singh, Arushi; Kadosh, Bernard S; Grossman, Kelsey; Donnino, Robert; Narula, Navneet; Zhou, Fang; DiVita, Michael; Smith, Deane E; Moazami, Nader; Chang, Stephanie H; Angel, Luis F; Reyentovich, Alex
PMID: 37492988
ISSN: 1941-3297
CID: 5620132

Thoracoabdominal normothermic regional perfusion in donation after circulatory death does not restore brain blood flow

Frontera, Jennifer A; Lewis, Ariane; James, Les; Melmed, Kara; Parent, Brendan; Raz, Eytan; Hussain, Syed T; Smith, Deane E; Moazami, Nader
Use of thoracoabdominal normothermic regional perfusion (TA-NRP) during donation after circulatory death (DCD) is an important advance in organ donation. Prior to establishing TA-NRP, the brachiocephalic, left carotid, and left subclavian arteries are ligated, thereby eliminating anterograde brain blood flow via the carotid and vertebral arteries. While theoretical concerns have been voiced that TA-NRP after DCD may restore brain blood flow via collaterals, there have been no studies to confirm or refute this possibility. We evaluated brain blood flow using intraoperative transcranial Doppler (TCD) in two DCD TA-NRP cases. Pre-extubation, anterior and posterior circulation brain blood flow waveforms were present in both cases, similar to the waveforms detected in a control patient on mechanical circulatory support undergoing cardiothoracic surgery. Following declaration of death and initiation of TA-NRP, no brain blood flow was detected in either case. Additionally, there was absence of brainstem reflexes, no response to noxious stimuli and no respiratory effort. These TCD results demonstrate that DCD with TA-NRP did not restore brain blood flow.
PMID: 37211334
ISSN: 1557-3117
CID: 5543542

Pig-to-human heart xenotransplantation in two recently deceased human recipients

Moazami, Nader; Stern, Jeffrey M; Khalil, Karen; Kim, Jacqueline I; Narula, Navneet; Mangiola, Massimo; Weldon, Elaina P; Kagermazova, Larisa; James, Les; Lawson, Nikki; Piper, Greta L; Sommer, Philip M; Reyentovich, Alex; Bamira, Daniel; Saraon, Tajinderpal; Kadosh, Bernard S; DiVita, Michael; Goldberg, Randal I; Hussain, Syed T; Chan, Justin; Ngai, Jennie; Jan, Thomas; Ali, Nicole M; Tatapudi, Vasishta S; Segev, Dorry L; Bisen, Shivani; Jaffe, Ian S; Piegari, Benjamin; Kowalski, Haley; Kokkinaki, Maria; Monahan, Jeffrey; Sorrells, Lori; Burdorf, Lars; Boeke, Jef D; Pass, Harvey; Goparaju, Chandra; Keating, Brendan; Ayares, David; Lorber, Marc; Griesemer, Adam; Mehta, Sapna A; Smith, Deane E; Montgomery, Robert A
Genetically modified xenografts are one of the most promising solutions to the discrepancy between the numbers of available human organs for transplantation and potential recipients. To date, a porcine heart has been implanted into only one human recipient. Here, using 10-gene-edited pigs, we transplanted porcine hearts into two brain-dead human recipients and monitored xenograft function, hemodynamics and systemic responses over the course of 66 hours. Although both xenografts demonstrated excellent cardiac function immediately after transplantation and continued to function for the duration of the study, cardiac function declined postoperatively in one case, attributed to a size mismatch between the donor pig and the recipient. For both hearts, we confirmed transgene expression and found no evidence of cellular or antibody-mediated rejection, as assessed using histology, flow cytometry and a cytotoxic crossmatch assay. Moreover, we found no evidence of zoonotic transmission from the donor pigs to the human recipients. While substantial additional work will be needed to advance this technology to human trials, these results indicate that pig-to-human heart xenotransplantation can be performed successfully without hyperacute rejection or zoonosis.
PMID: 37488288
ISSN: 1546-170x
CID: 5595152

Extracorporeal hemoadsorption in critically ill COVID-19 patients on VV ECMO: the CytoSorb therapy in COVID-19 (CTC) registry

Hayanga, J W Awori; Song, Tae; Durham, Lucian; Garrison, Lawrence; Smith, Deane; Molnar, Zsolt; Scheier, Joerg; Deliargyris, Efthymios N; Moazami, Nader
OBJECTIVES:The CytoSorb therapy in COVID-19 (CTC) registry evaluated the clinical performance and treatment parameters of extracorporeal hemoadsorption integrated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) in critically ill COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and respiratory failure under US FDA Emergency Use Authorization. DESIGN:Multicenter, observational, registry (NCT04391920). SETTING:Intensive care units (ICUs) in five major US academic centers between April 2020 and January 2022. PATIENTS:A total of 100 critically ill adults with COVID-19-related ARDS requiring VV ECMO support, who were treated with extracorporeal hemoadsorption. INTERVENTIONS:None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:(p = 0.14). No device-related adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS:In critically ill patients with severe COVID-19-related ARDS treated with the combination of VV-ECMO and hemoadsorption, 90-day survival was 74% and earlier intervention was associated with shorter need for organ support and ICU stay. These results lend support to the concept of "enhanced lung rest" with the combined use of VV-ECMO plus hemoadsorption in patients with ARDS.
PMID: 37337243
ISSN: 1466-609x
CID: 5538422