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Causes, manifestations, and frequency of severe allergic reactions during the perioperative period [Meeting Abstract]

Nguyen, B; Cuff, G; Sommer, R
INTRODUCTION: Severe allergic reactions during anesthesia are rare events (1:6000 to 1:20000) that can be challenging to recognize in the operating room because the hypotensive manifestation often overlaps with the effects of anesthetics.1 Previous studies have shown varying frequencies of agents associated with allergic reactions with neuromuscular blocking drugs most common in European and Australia/New Zealand studies.2,3 However, recent studies in the U.S. have demonstrated that antibiotics are the most frequent cause.1,4 The purpose of our study was to examine the causes, manifestations, and frequencies of severe allergic reactions during anesthesia at our medical center. METHODS: Quality management data from a university medical center from 2013-5 were reviewed for cases of severe allergic reactions during anesthesia. Medical records of these patients were examined for demographics, suspected causative agent, allergic reaction manifestations, and outcome. Causative agents of these reactions were determined by the clinicians caring for the patient and/or those reviewing the cases. RESULTS: 15 cases of severe allergic reactions during anesthesia were identified from a total of 112,000 (1:7500) cases during the 3-year period (Table 1). Antibiotics were the suspected causative agent in 11 cases (73%). NSAIDs, narcotics, and protamine were responsible for the other allergic reactions. There were no cases of severe allergic reactions to muscle relaxants (Fig. 1). The most frequent manifestations were hypotension and erythema, each presenting in 10 cases (67%) (Fig. 2). Of the reactions that presented intraoperatively, 5 cases were cancelled (33%). In 1 case there was a documented allergy history to medication given. There were no deaths. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates and reaffirms that severe allergic reactions during anesthesia are rare. At our medical center, these reactions were most commonly caused by antibiotics. This is contrary to some studies which show that muscle relaxants are the most frequent cause of significant allergic reactions. Hypotension was one of the most common clinical manifestations. However, clinicians frequently fail to make the diagnosis of allergic reaction because they attribute hypotension to anesthetic effects. Examination of the skin, which is frequently draped for surgery, and finding erythema in combination with hypotension should direct clinicians to the diagnosis of allergic reaction. Severe allergic reactions during anesthesia can be fatal. There were no deaths or serious adverse consequences in our cases because the allergic reactions were discovered and addressed quickly. Vigilance, diagnosis, and prompt definitive treatment can result in excellent outcomes. Future studies should focus on allergy testing for all cases of suspected intraoperative allergic reactions in order to unquestionably establish the identity of the causative agent
EMBASE:613553160
ISSN: 1526-7598
CID: 2377342

Three partial-task simulators for teaching ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia

Rosenberg, Andrew D; Popovic, Jovan; Albert, David B; Altman, Robert A; Marshall, Mitchell H; Sommer, Richard M; Cuff, Germaine
ABSTRACT: Simulation-based training is becoming an accepted tool for educating physicians before direct patient care. As ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia (UGRA) becomes a popular method for performing regional blocks, there is a need for learning the technical skills associated with the technique. Although simulator models do exist for learning UGRA, they either contain food and are therefore perishable or are not anatomically based. We developed 3 sonoanatomically based partial-task simulators for learning UGRA: an upper body torso for learning UGRA interscalene and infraclavicular nerve blocks, a femoral manikin for learning UGRA femoral nerve blocks, and a leg model for learning UGRA sciatic nerve blocks in the subgluteal and popliteal areas
PMID: 22189577
ISSN: 1532-8651
CID: 147708

The effects of buprenorphine on behaviour in the ACI and BN rat inbred strains

Avsaroglu, H; Sommer, R; Hellebrekers, L J; van Zutphen, L F M; van Lith, H A
Buprenorphine is a partial mu, kappa agonist that has been shown to influence spontaneous behaviour in animals. Previously, we have demonstrated significant differences in the analgesic response to buprenorphine between the August Copenhagen Irish (ACI)/SegHsd and the Brown Norway (BN)/RijHsd inbred rat strains. The purpose of this study was to determine whether these strains also differed in their behavioural response to buprenorphine in order to provide an additional parameter for the genetic analysis and localization of genes involved in this response. Male and female rats of both strains were used (n = 6/strain/sex) for this study. Each rat was subjected, respectively, to three treatment regimens at 15:00 h: (A) unchallenged; (B) intravenous saline; (C) intravenous buprenorphine (0.05 mg/kg) according to a crossover design. The relative duration (s/h) of locomotion, grooming, drinking and eating behaviour was subsequently determined from 15:30 to 07:00 h using the automatic registration system, Laboratory Animal Behaviour Registration and Analysis System(trade mark). Significant strain differences were observed in unchallenged behaviour between the ACI and the BN rats. ACI rats, but not BN rats, responded to buprenorphine treatment with decreased levels of locomotion, drinking and eating behaviour. The same treatment resulted in an increased grooming behaviour in both strains. Slight but significant sex differences were observed for locomotion and eating in the analysis of variance procedure, but did not reach the level of statistical significance in the multiple comparison procedure. The results of this study emphasize the possibility that strain-specific effects must be taken into account when using behavioural parameters for the assessment of the analgesic effects of buprenorphine in rats.
PMID: 18435875
ISSN: 0023-6772
CID: 734302

Preparing for the unanticipated difficult airway [Letter]

Sommer RM
PMID: 8747569
ISSN: 0952-8180
CID: 45785

Perioperative anesthetic management of spine injuries

Capan LM; Miller SM; Sommer RM
ORIGINAL:0004865
ISSN: 0889-4698
CID: 45961

Hazards of the anesthesia delivery system

Chapter by: Eisenkraft JB; Sommer RM
in: Anesthesia equipment : principles and applications by Ehrenwerth J; Eisenkraft JB [Eds]
St. Louis : Mosby, 1993
pp. 321-349
ISBN: 0801601556
CID: 3441

Equipment failure : anesthesia delivery system

Chapter by: Eisenkraft JB; Sommer RM
in: Anesthesia and perioperative complications by Benumof J; Saidman LJ [Eds]
St. Louis : Mosby-Year Book, 1992
pp. 77-127
ISBN: 0801605865
CID: 3444

Pressure monitoring hose causes leak in anesthesia breathing circuit [Letter]

Lee O; Sommer RM
PMID: 1867440
ISSN: 0003-2999
CID: 45786

An aid in cases of difficult tracheal intubation [Comment]

Sommer RM; Capan LM
PMID: 2021227
ISSN: 0003-3022
CID: 23469

History of fiberoptics in anesthesiology

Sommer, RM
ISI:A1991FH03200003
ISSN: 0889-8537
CID: 32216