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Stimulated Raman Histology Interpretation by Artificial Intelligence Provides Near-Real-Time Pathologic Feedback for Unprocessed Prostate Biopsies

Mannas, M P; Deng, F M; Ion-Margineanu, A; Jones, D; Hoskoppal, D; Melamed, J; Pastore, S; Freudiger, C; Orringer, D A; Taneja, S S
PURPOSE/UNASSIGNED:Stimulated Raman histology is an innovative technology that generates real-time, high-resolution microscopic images of unprocessed tissue, significantly reducing prostate biopsy interpretation time. This study aims to evaluate the ability for an artificial intelligence convolutional neural network to interpretate prostate biopsy histologic images created with stimulated Raman histology. MATERIALS AND METHODS/UNASSIGNED:Unprocessed, unlabeled prostate biopsies were prospectively imaged using a stimulated Raman histology microscope. Following stimulated Raman histology creation, the cores underwent standard pathological processing and interpretation by at least 2 genitourinary pathologists to establish a ground truth assessment. A network, trained on 303 prostate biopsies from 100 participants, was used to measure the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of detecting prostate cancer on stimulated Raman histology relative to conventional pathology. The performance of the artificial intelligence was evaluated on an independent 113-biopsy test set. RESULTS/UNASSIGNED:Prostate biopsy images obtained through stimulated Raman histology can be generated within a time frame of 2 to 2.75 minutes. The artificial intelligence system achieved a rapid classification of prostate biopsies with cancer, with a potential identification time of approximately 1 minute. The artificial intelligence demonstrated an impressive accuracy of 96.5% in detecting prostate cancer. Moreover, the artificial intelligence exhibited a sensitivity of 96.3% and a specificity of 96.6%. CONCLUSIONS/UNASSIGNED:Stimulated Raman histology generates microscopic images capable of accurately identifying prostate cancer in real time, without the need for sectioning or tissue processing. These images can be interpreted by artificial intelligence, providing physicians with near-real-time pathological feedback during the diagnosis or treatment of prostate cancer.
PMID: 38100831
ISSN: 1527-3792
CID: 5589002

Primary Whole-gland Ablation for the Treatment of Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: A Focal Therapy Society Best Practice Statement

Deivasigamani, Sriram; Kotamarti, Srinath; Rastinehad, Ardeshir R; Salas, Rafael Sanchez; de la Rosette, J J M C H; Lepor, Herbert; Pinto, Peter; Ahmed, Hashim U; Gill, Inderbir; Klotz, Laurence; Taneja, Samir S; Emberton, Mark; Lawrentschuk, Nathan; Wysock, James; Feller, John F; Crouzet, Sebastien; Kumar M, Praveen; Seguier, Denis; Adams, Eric S; Michael, Zoe; Abreu, Andre; Jack Tay, Kae; Ward, John F; Shinohara, Katsuto; Katz, Aaron E; Villers, Arnauld; Chin, Joseph L; Stricker, Phillip D; Baco, Eduard; Macek, Petr; Ahmad, Ardalan E; Chiu, Peter K F; Crawford, E David; Rogers, Craig G; Futterer, Jurgen J; Rais-Bahrami, Soroush; Robertson, Cary N; Hadaschik, Boris; Marra, Giancarlo; Valerio, Massimo; Chong, Kian Tai; Kasivisvanathan, Veeru; Tan, Wei Phin; Lomas, Derek; Walz, Jochen; Guimaraes, Gustavo Cardoso; Mertziotis, Nikos I; Becher, Ezequiel; Finelli, Antonio; Kasraeian, Ali; Lebastchi, Amir H; Vora, Anup; Rosen, Mark A; Bakir, Baris; Arcot, Rohit; Yee, Samuel; Netsch, Christopher; Meng, Xiaosong; de Reijke, Theo M; Tan, Yu Guang; Regusci, Stefano; Benjamin, Tavya G R; Olivares, Ruben; Noureldin, Mohamed; Bianco, Fernando J; Sivaraman, Arjun; Kim, Fernando J; Given, Robert W; Dason, Shawn; Sheetz, Tyler J; Shoji, Sunao; Schulman, Ariel; Royce, Peter; Shah, Taimur T; Scionti, Stephen; Salomon, Georg; Laguna, Pilar; Tourinho-Barbosa, Rafael; Aminsharifi, Alireza; Cathelineau, Xavier; Gontero, Paolo; Stabile, Armando; Grummet, Jeremy; Ledbetter, Leila; Graton, Margaret; Stephen Jones, J; Polascik, Thomas J
CONTEXT/BACKGROUND:Whole-gland ablation is a feasible and effective minimally invasive treatment for localized prostate cancer (PCa). Previous systematic reviews supported evidence for favorable functional outcomes, but oncological outcomes were inconclusive owing to limited follow-up. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the real-world data on the mid- to long-term oncological and functional outcomes of whole-gland cryoablation and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in patients with clinically localized PCa, and to provide expert recommendations and commentary on these findings. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION/METHODS:We performed a systematic review of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library publications through February 2022 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. As endpoints, baseline clinical characteristics, and oncological and functional outcomes were assessed. To estimate the pooled prevalence of oncological, functional, and toxicity outcomes, and to quantify and explain the heterogeneity, random-effect meta-analyses and meta-regression analyses were performed. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS/RESULTS:Twenty-nine studies were identified, including 14 on cryoablation and 15 on HIFU with a median follow-up of 72 mo. Most of the studies were retrospective (n = 23), with IDEAL (idea, development, exploration, assessment, and long-term study) stage 2b (n = 20) being most common. Biochemical recurrence-free survival, cancer-specific survival, overall survival, recurrence-free survival, and metastasis-free survival rates at 10 yr were 58%, 96%, 63%, 71-79%, and 84%, respectively. Erectile function was preserved in 37% of cases, and overall pad-free continence was achieved in 96% of cases, with a 1-yr rate of 97.4-98.8%. The rates of stricture, urinary retention, urinary tract infection, rectourethral fistula, and sepsis were observed to be 11%, 9.5%, 8%, 0.7%, and 0.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The mid- to long-term real-world data, and the safety profiles of cryoablation and HIFU are sound to support and be offered as primary treatment for appropriate patients with localized PCa. When compared with other existing treatment modalities for PCa, these ablative therapies provide nearly equivalent intermediate- to long-term oncological and toxicity outcomes, as well as excellent pad-free continence rates in the primary setting. This real-world clinical evidence provides long-term oncological and functional outcomes that enhance shared decision-making when balancing risks and expected outcomes that reflect patient preferences and values. PATIENT SUMMARY/RESULTS:Cryoablation and high-intensity focused ultrasound are minimally invasive treatments available to selectively treat localized prostate cancer, considering their nearly comparable intermediate- to long term cancer control and preservation of urinary continence to other radical treatments in the primary setting. However, a well-informed decision should be made based on one's values and preferences.
PMID: 37419773
ISSN: 1873-7560
CID: 5539512

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for the Curative Treatment of Prostate Cancer in Ultralarge (≥100 cc) Glands

Hurwitz, Joshua C; Haas, Jonathan; Mendez, Christopher; Sanchez, Astrid; Santos, Vianca F; Akerman, Meredith; Carpenter, Todd; Tam, Moses; Katz, Aaron; Corcoran, Anthony; Mahadevan, Anand; Taneja, Samir S; Lepor, Herbert; Lischalk, Jonathan W
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE:Historically, toxicity concerns have existed in patients with large prostate glands treated with radiation therapy, particularly brachytherapy. There are questions whether this risk extends to stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). In this retrospective review, we examine clinical outcomes of patients with prostate glands ≥100 cc treated curatively with SBRT. METHODS AND MATERIALS/METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed a large institutional database to identify patients with histologically confirmed localized prostate cancer in glands ≥100 cc, who were treated with definitive-robotic SBRT. Prostate volume (PV) was determined by treatment planning magnetic resonance imaging. Toxicity was measured using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 5.0. Many patients received the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite Quality of Life questionnaires. Minimum follow-up (FU) was 2 years. RESULTS:Seventy-one patients were identified with PV ≥100 cc. Most had grade group (GG) 1 or 2 (41% and 37%, respectively) disease. All patients received a total dose of 3500 to 3625 cGy in 5 fractions. A minority (27%) received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which was used for gland size downsizing in only 10% of cases. Nearly half (45%) were taking GU medications for urinary dysfunction before RT. Median toxicity FU was 4.0 years. Two-year rates of grade 1+ genitourinary (GU), grade 1+ gastrointestinal (GI), and grade 2+ GU toxicity were 43.5%, 15.9%, and 30.4%, respectively. Total grade 3 GU toxicities were very limited (2.8%). There were no grade 3 GI toxicities. On logistic regression analysis, pretreatment use of GU medications was significantly associated with increased rate of grade 2+ GU toxicity (odds ratio, 3.19; P = .024). Furthermore, PV (analyzed as a continuous variable) did not have an effect on toxicity, quality of life, or oncologic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS:With early FU, ultra large prostate glands do not portend increased risk of high-grade toxicity after SBRT but likely carry an elevated risk of low-grade GU toxicity.
PMID: 37984713
ISSN: 1879-8519
CID: 5608362

Contemporary Role of Lymph Node Dissection in Genitourinary Cancers: Where Are We in 2023?

Myers, Amanda A; Briganti, Alberto; Leibovich, Bradley; Lerner, Seth P; Moschini, Marco; Rouprêt, Morgan; Shariat, Shahrokh F; Spiess, Philippe E; Stenzl, Arnulf; Taneja, Samir S; Touijer, Karim A; Kamat, Ashish M
CONTEXT/BACKGROUND:Lymphadenectomy during surgery for genitourinary malignancies has varying benefits. OBJECTIVE:To review contemporary evidence on lymph node dissection in genitourinary cancers. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION/METHODS:We performed a collaborative review to summarize current evidence supporting lymph node dissection in urothelial, prostate, kidney, penile, and testis cancers. We present the evidence on patient selection and recommended dissection templates, and highlight knowledge gaps and ongoing areas of investigation. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS/RESULTS:Lymph node dissection remains the reference standard for lymph node staging. Pathologic nodal stage informs prognosis and guides adjuvant treatment. Appropriate template and patient selection are paramount to optimize outcomes and capitalize on the selective therapeutic benefits. CONCLUSIONS:Accurate staging with lymphadenectomy is contingent on appropriate template selection. The cumulative benefit will depend on judicious patient selection. PATIENT SUMMARY/RESULTS:We performed a collaborative review by a diverse group of experts in urology. We reviewed current evidence on lymph node dissection.
PMID: 37980250
ISSN: 2588-9311
CID: 5608222

Stimulated Raman histology, a novel method to allow for rapid pathologic examination of unprocessed, fresh prostate biopsies

Mannas, Miles P; Jones, Derek; Deng, Fang-Ming; Hoskoppal, Deepthi; Melamed, Jonathan; Orringer, Daniel A; Taneja, Samir S
INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND:Delay between targeted prostate biopsy (PB) and pathologic diagnosis can lead to a concern of inadequate sampling and repeated biopsy. Stimulated Raman histology (SRH) is a novel microscopic technique allowing real-time, label-free, high-resolution microscopic images of unprocessed, unsectioned tissue. This technology holds potential to decrease the time for PB diagnosis from days to minutes. We evaluated the concordance of pathologist interpretation of PB SRH as compared with traditional hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained slides. METHODS:, to create SRH images. The cores were then processed as per normal pathologic protocols. Sixteen PB containing a mix of benign and malignant histology were used as an SRH training cohort for four genitourinary pathologists, who were then tested on a set of 32 PBs imaged by SRH and processed by traditional H&E. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and concordance for prostate cancer (PCa) detection on SRH relative to H&E were assessed. RESULTS:The mean pathologist accuracy for the identification of any PCa on PB SRH was 95.7%. In identifying any PCa or ISUP grade group 2-5 PCa, a pathologist was independently able to achieve good and very good concordance (κ: 0.769 and 0.845, respectively; p < 0.001). After individual assessment was completed a pathology consensus conference was held for the interpretation of the PB SRH; after the consensus conference the pathologists' concordance in identifying any PCa was also very good (κ: 0.925, p < 0.001; sensitivity 95.6%; specificity 100%). CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:SRH produces high-quality microscopic images that allow for accurate identification of PCa in real-time without need for sectioning or tissue processing. The pathologist performance improved through progressive training, showing that ultimately high accuracy can be obtained. Ongoing SRH evaluation in the diagnostic and treatment setting hold promise to reduce time to tissue diagnosis, while interpretation by convolutional neural network may further improve diagnostic characteristics and broaden use.
PMID: 37154588
ISSN: 1097-0045
CID: 5509242

Salvage Cryoablation and Robotic Seminal Vesiculectomy: A Novel Salvage Treatment for Locally Recurrent Prostate Cancer

Smigelski, Michael B; Wysock, James; Taneja, Samir S; Lepor, Herbert
PMID: 37300480
ISSN: 1557-900x
CID: 5594642

Stimulated Raman histology as a method to determine the adequacy of renal mass biopsy and identify malignant subtypes of renal cell carcinoma

Mannas, Miles P; Deng, Fang-Ming; Belanger, Eric C; Jones, Derek; Ren, Joyce; Huang, William; Orringer, Daniel A; Taneja, Samir S
INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND:Renal tumor biopsy requires adequate tissue sampling to aid in the investigation of small renal masses. In some centers the contemporary nondiagnostic renal mass biopsy rate may be as high as 22% and may be as high as 42% in challenging cases. Stimulated Raman Histology (SRH) is a novel microscopic technique which has created the possibility for rapid, label-free, high-resolution images of unprocessed tissue which may be viewed on standard radiology viewing platforms. The application of SRH to renal biopsy may provide the benefits of routine pathologic evaluation during the procedure, thereby reducing nondiagnostic results. We conducted a pilot feasibility study, to assess if renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes may be imaged and to see if high-quality hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) could subsequently be generated. METHODS/MATERIALS/METHODS:. The cores were then processed as per routine pathologic protocols. The SRH images and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides were then viewed by a genitourinary pathologist. RESULTS:The SRH microscope took 8 to 11 minutes to produce high-quality images of the renal biopsies. Total of 25 renal tumors including 1 oncocytoma, 3 chromophobe RCC, 16 clear cells RCC, 4 papillary RCC, and 1 medullary RCC were included. All renal tumor subtypes were captured, and the SRH images were easily differentiated from adjacent normal renal parenchyma. High quality H&E slides were produced from each of the renal biopsies after SRH was completed. Immunostains were performed on selected cases and the staining was not affected by the SRH image process. CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:SRH produces high quality images of all renal cell subtypes that can be rapidly produced and easily interpreted to determine renal mass biopsy adequacy, and on occasion, may allow renal tumor subtype identification. Renal biopsies remained available to produce high quality H&E slides and immunostains for confirmation of diagnosis. Procedural application has promise to decrease the known rate of renal mass nondiagnostic biopsies, and application of convolutional neural network methodology may further improve diagnostic capability and increase utilization of renal mass biopsy among urologists.
PMID: 37225634
ISSN: 1873-2496
CID: 5508442

Smoking cessation pharmacotherapy use during index hospital admission following cystectomy for bladder cancer: A retrospective cohort study

Rapoport, Eli; Bjurlin, Marc A; Furberg, Helena; Donahue, Timothy F; Taneja, Samir S; Bochner, Bernard H; Ostroff, Jamie S; Matulewicz, Richard S
BACKGROUND:To identify gaps in urologic oncology quality and evidence-based smoking cessation care by assessing how often smoking cessation pharmacotherapy (SCP) is given in the inpatient setting following cystectomy. METHODS:The Premier Healthcare Database (PHD), a deidentified all-payer dataset, was used to generate nationally representative estimates of SCP receipt during hospitalization following cystectomy for patients with bladder cancer who smoke. Regressions were used to model associations between SCP receipt and patient- and hospital-level factors. RESULTS:Of the 21,624 patients who underwent cystectomy for bladder cancer, 3,676 patients (17.0%) were identified as current smokers, representing a weighted estimate of 16,063 admissions. Among these admissions, 27.9% of patients received SCP, the vast majority of which (91.5%) received exclusively nicotine replacement therapy. Rates of SCP receipt varied substantially across hospitals (median: 25.0%, IQR: 20.0-33.3, range: 0.0-60.0). Older age and black race (aOR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.42-0.82) were associated with lower odds of SCP receipt. Increased patient comorbidity score was associated with higher odds of SCP receipt (aOR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.03); specifically, chronic pulmonary disease, alcohol abuse, and depression were independently associated with SCP receipt. Hospital teaching status, bed capacity, and mean annual cystectomy volume were not associated with SCP receipt. SCP receipt was not associated with hospital length of stay nor 90-day readmission or mortality following cystectomy. CONCLUSIONS:SCP is infrequently given to patients who smoke during their hospitalization following cystectomy for bladder cancer, representing a gap in quality urologic oncology care and a missed opportunity to effectively intervene with evidence-based treatment.
PMID: 36529654
ISSN: 1873-2496
CID: 5394502

Single-cell analysis of localized prostate cancer patients links high Gleason score with an immunosuppressive profile

Adorno Febles, Victor R; Hao, Yuan; Ahsan, Aarif; Wu, Jiansheng; Qian, Yingzhi; Zhong, Hua; Loeb, Stacy; Makarov, Danil V; Lepor, Herbert; Wysock, James; Taneja, Samir S; Huang, William C; Becker, Daniel J; Balar, Arjun V; Melamed, Jonathan; Deng, Fang-Ming; Ren, Qinghu; Kufe, Donald; Wong, Kwok-Kin; Adeegbe, Dennis O; Deng, Jiehui; Wise, David R
BACKGROUND:Evading immune surveillance is a hallmark for the development of multiple cancer types. Whether immune evasion contributes to the pathogenesis of high-grade prostate cancer (HGPCa) remains an area of active inquiry. METHODS:Through single-cell RNA sequencing and multicolor flow cytometry of freshly isolated prostatectomy specimens and matched peripheral blood, we aimed to characterize the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) of localized prostate cancer (PCa), including HGPCa and low-grade prostate cancer (LGPCa). RESULTS: TILs. The PCa TME was infiltrated by macrophages but these did not clearly cluster by M1 and M2 markers. CONCLUSIONS:T cell exhaustion in localized PCa, a finding enriched in HGPCa relative to LGPCa. These studies suggest a possible link between the clinical-pathologic risk of PCa and the associated TME. Our results have implications for our understanding of the immunologic mechanisms of PCa pathogenesis and the implementation of immunotherapy for localized PCa.
PMID: 36988342
ISSN: 1097-0045
CID: 5463282

Impact of 3D printed models on quantitative surgical outcomes for patients undergoing robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy: a cohort study

Wake, Nicole; Rosenkrantz, Andrew B; Huang, Richard; Ginocchio, Luke A; Wysock, James S; Taneja, Samir S; Huang, William C; Chandarana, Hersh
BACKGROUND:Three-dimensional (3D) printed anatomic models can facilitate presurgical planning by providing surgeons with detailed knowledge of the exact location of pertinent anatomical structures. Although 3D printed anatomic models have been shown to be useful for pre-operative planning, few studies have demonstrated how these models can influence quantitative surgical metrics. OBJECTIVE:To prospectively assess whether patient-specific 3D printed prostate cancer models can improve quantitative surgical metrics in patients undergoing robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). METHODS:Patients with MRI-visible prostate cancer (PI-RADS V2 ≥ 3) scheduled to undergo RARP were prospectively enrolled in our IRB approved study (n = 82). Quantitative surgical metrics included the rate of positive surgical margins (PSMs), operative times, and blood loss. A qualitative Likert scale survey to assess understanding of anatomy and confidence regarding surgical approach was also implemented. RESULTS:The rate of PSMs was lower for the 3D printed model group (8.11%) compared to that with imaging only (28.6%), p = 0.128. The 3D printed model group had a 9-min reduction in operating time (213 ± 42 min vs. 222 ± 47 min) and a 5 mL reduction in average blood loss (227 ± 148 mL vs. 232 ± 114 mL). Surgeon anatomical understanding and confidence improved after reviewing the 3D printed models (3.60 ± 0.74 to 4.20 ± 0.56, p = 0.62 and 3.86 ± 0.53 to 4.20 ± 0.56, p = 0.22). CONCLUSIONS:3D printed prostate cancer models can positively impact quantitative patient outcomes such as PSMs, operative times, and blood loss in patients undergoing RARP.
PMID: 36749368
ISSN: 2366-0058
CID: 5420812