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γδ T cells Promote Steatohepatitis by Orchestrating Innate and Adaptive Immune Programming

Torres-Hernandez, Alejandro; Wang, Wei; Nikiforov, Yuri; Tejada, Karla; Torres, Luisana; Kalabin, Aleksandr; Adam, Salma; Wu, Jingjing; Lu, Lu; Chen, Ruonan; Lemmer, Aaron; Camargo, Jimmy; Hundeyin, Mautin; Diskin, Brian; Aykut, Berk; Kurz, Emma; Kochen Rossi, Juan A; Khan, Mohammed; Liria, Miguel; Sanchez, Gustavo; Wu, Nan; Su, Wenyu; Adams, Steven; Israr Ul Haq, Muhammad; Saad Farooq, Mohammad; Vasudevaraja, Varshini; Leinwand, Joshua; Miller, George
The recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells in the liver delineates the transition from hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis. We found that in steatohepatitis, γδT cells are recruited to the liver by CCR2, CCR5, and NOD2 signaling and are skewed towards an IL-17A+ phenotype in an ICOS-ICOSL dependent manner. γδT cells exhibit a distinct Vγ4+ , PD1+ , Ly6C+ CD44+ phenotype in steatohepatitis. Moreover, γδT cells upregulate both CD1d, which is necessary for lipid-based antigens presentation, and the free fatty acid receptor CD36. γδT cells are stimulated to express IL-17A by palmitic acid and CD1d ligation. Deletion, depletion, and targeted interruption of γδT cell recruitment protects against diet-induced steatohepatitis and accelerates disease resolution. We demonstrate that hepatic γδT cells exacerbate steatohepatitis, independent of IL-17 expression, by mitigating conventional CD4+ T cell expansion and modulating their inflammatory program via CD1d-dependent VEGF expression.
PMID: 31529720
ISSN: 1527-3350
CID: 4089142

Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A 20-Year Multi-Hospital Retrospective Analysis [Meeting Abstract]

Mahabir, Roshan; Khandakar, Binny; Raza, Roshan; Khan, Fahad; Yuan, Songyang
ORIGINAL:0014239
ISSN: 0002-9173
CID: 4038702

New York Physicians' Perspectives and Knowledge of the State Medical Marijuana Program

Sideris, Alexandra; Khan, Fahad; Boltunova, Alina; Cuff, Germaine; Gharibo, Christopher; Doan, Lisa V
Introduction: In 2014, New York (NY) became the 23rd state to legalize medical marijuana (MMJ). The purpose of this survey was to collect data about practicing NY physicians' comfort level, opinions, and experience in recommending or supporting patient use of MMJ. Materials and Methods: An anonymous web-based survey was distributed to medical societies and to academic departments in medical schools within NY. Results: A total of 164 responses were analyzed. Physician participants were primarily located in New York City and surrounding areas. The majority (71%) agreed that MMJ should be an option available to patients. Most respondents were not registered to certify MMJ in NY, but were willing to refer patients to registered physicians. Common reasons for not registering included specialty and federal status of cannabis. More than 75% reported having patients who used cannabis for symptom control, and 50% reported having patients who inquired about MMJ within the past year. Most respondents are willing to discuss MMJ with their patients, but had little familiarity with the state program and a modest knowledge of the endocannabinoid system. Pain was a common symptom for which cannabis was recommended by registered physicians (69%) and purportedly used by patients (83%). Most respondents would consider MMJ as an adjuvant to opioids, and 84% believed opioids have greater risks than MMJ. Conclusion: Given that the majority of surveyed physicians support MMJ as an option for patients, few are registered and have adequate knowledge of MMJ. Although our study sample is small and geographically limited, our survey results highlight key physician issues that are likely applicable to practitioners in other states. Concerted efforts are needed at the federal, state, and academic levels to provide practitioners with evidence-based guidelines for the safe use of MMJ.
PMCID:5899285
PMID: 29662957
ISSN: 2378-8763
CID: 3042722

Thoracic radiculopathy

Chapter by: Abrar, Dimir; Elbayar, Justen; Kao, Daniel; Khan, Fahad
in: Musculoskeletal sports and spine disorders : a comprehensive guide by Kahn, Stuart; Xu, Rachel Yinfei (Eds)
Cham, Switzerland : Springer, [2017]
pp. 375-378
ISBN: 9783319505121
CID: 3654112

IEX-1 deficiency induces browning of white adipose tissue and resists diet-induced obesity

Shahid, Mohd; Javed, Ammar A; Chandra, David; Ramsey, Haley E; Shah, Dilip; Khan, Mohammed F; Zhao, Liping; Wu, Mei X
Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance. However, the primary mediators that affect energy homeostasis remain ill defined. Here, we report an unexpected role for immediate early response gene X-1 (IEX-1), a downstream target of NF-κB, in energy metabolism. We found that IEX-1 expression was highly induced in white adipose tissue (WAT) in both epidydmal and subcutaneous depots but not in interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). Null mutation of IEX-1 protected mice against HFD-induced adipose and hepatic inflammation, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. Unexpectedly, IEX-1 knockout (IEX-1(-/-)) mice gained markedly less weight on HFD for 20 weeks as compared to wild-type (WT) littermates (37 ± 3 versus 48 ± 2 gm) due to increased energy expenditure. Mechanistically, we showed that IEX-1 deficiency induced browning and activated thermogenic genes program in WAT but not in BAT by promoting alternative activation of adipose macrophages. Consequently, IEX-1(-/-) mice exhibited enhanced thermogenesis (24 ± 0.1 versus 22 ± 0.1 kcal/hour/kg in WT mice) explaining increased energy expenditure and lean phenotype in these mice. In conclusion, the present study suggests that IEX-1 is a novel physiological regulator of energy homeostasis via its action in WAT.
PMCID:4827096
PMID: 27063893
ISSN: 2045-2322
CID: 5372672

Is urine drug testing a good idea for patients on chronic opioid therapy?

Chapter by: Shah, CD; Fahad Khan, M; Cheng, DS
in: You're Wrong, I'm Right: Dueling Authors Reexamine Classic Teachings in Anesthesia by
pp. 373-376
ISBN: 9783319431697
CID: 2453142

Medial branch block and rhizotomy

Chapter by: Ryan, Devon; Terran, Jamie; Khan, Mohammed
in: Spinal disorders and treatments : the NYU-HJD comprehensive textbook by Errico, Thomas J; Cheriyan, Thomas; Varlotta, Gerard P [Eds]
New Delhi : Jaypee Brothers, 2015
pp. 253-258
ISBN: 9351524957
CID: 2709322

Ultrasound Guidance for Regional Anesthesia

Chapter by: Khan, M. Fahad
in: The Anesthesia guide by Atchabahian, Arthur; Gupta, Ruchir (Eds)
New York : McGraw-Hill Medical, 2013
pp. ?-?
ISBN: 0071760490
CID: 2748492

Abuse deterrent opioids

Khan M.F.; Gharibo C.
Prescription opioid abuse is a growing problem that has become a critical public health issue. The development of abuse-resistant opioid formulations is an emerging strategy aimed at curbing the abuse of opioid analgesics. Over the next few months to years, new products within this category will enter the market. This article serves to provide an introduction to many of the upcoming formulations that may find their way into the therapeutic arsenal of pain management practitioners
EMBASE:2010326763
ISSN: 1084-208x
CID: 110160

CANAL OF HERING LOSS: MINIMAL CHANGE DIAGNOSTIC BIOPSIES IN PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS? [Meeting Abstract]

Komarla, Arathi R; Khan, Fahad; Bodenheimer, Henry C; Theise, Neil D
ISI:000270456001497
ISSN: 0270-9139
CID: 2726212