Faculty Bibliography

Purpose: The purpose of this case report is to evaluate a root stain, and to determine its composition when an individual has been exposed to multiple factors. The main goal of this particular study is to determine if it is the use of tetracycline or the exposure to lead which may have caused the staining of multiple roots. Introduction: Undetermined root-staining in a 21 year old male exposed to multiple environmental factors; specifically lead and tetracycline. Discussion and conclusion: A history of exposure to multiple contaminants, such as lead and tetracycline, may obscure the accuracy of a diagnosis, especially when it is well-known that these particular contaminants stain the root of an individual’s teeth in a similar fashion. Patients with stained teeth and a history of exposure to environmental or ingested potentially staining or noxious elements (like lead) should have a blood test to determine its presence, and further be treated for level-specific quantitie

This article reports a rare case of a horizontally displaced dental implant that migrated into the maxillary sinus 6 months after 3 implants were inserted into the augmented maxillary posterior region. Migration of dental implants into the maxillary sinus usually occurs during surgery and can result in serious complications.

Cemento-osseous dysplasia encompasses several different clinical and radiographic presentations, including periapical, focal and florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD). FCOD is usually asymptomatic and discovered only fortuitously. No treatment is required unless the lesion is secondarily infected. Oral hygiene advice should be emphasized for patients with FCOD to prevent caries and periodontal diseases and to maintain natural teeth. Osseointegration of implants would likely not be successful in these patients because the bone is abnormal and not well-vascularized.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to bring attention to craniocerebral maxillofacial perforating/penetrating injuries due to AK-47 Kalashnikov falling bullets (FBs); these dangerous injuries to both civilians and soldiers are rare. A review of the literature shows no reports on AK-47 FBs leading to double craniocerebral perforation and settling into the maxillofacial region. The number of victims, the AK-47's availability, the associated morbidity and mortality rates, and the rarity of cases prompted this article. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The treatment of injuries to the craniocerebral facial clinical profile due to FBs is challenging, and an understanding of the neurosurgical and maxillofacial management of these low-velocity FB injuries is required. RESULTS: We treated 11 cases due to AK-47 rifle FBs and 1 due to anti-aircraft Dashka 12.7-mm FBs. Craniocerebral facial injuries were treated and lodged bullets removed from different challenging locations in the base of the skull, without increasing morbidity and with avoidance of unnecessary surgical trauma to the affected area by the bullets. CONCLUSION: The required identification of such injuries can be difficult, and the removal of the lodged bullet to prevent secondary complications and reduce the chance of secondary infection can be graver than in other parts of the body. AK-47 FBs are a major public health concern internationally and require serious attention in terms of protection and management for civilians and soldiers in uniform.

Tracheotomy is utilized for securing patency of the upper airway and is not generally used in emergency situations. This is a case report of the necessity of performing a tracheotomy in a dental chair secondary to obstruction of a patient's airway and the inability to perform a cricothyrotomy due to anatomic constraints.

The following study focuses on three hundred maxillofacial war casualties that were admitted to the Basra Republic Hospital during the Iraq-Iran War. These three hundred cases were chosen on the basis of them being only oral and maxillofacial injuries. Of these cases, there was no mortality recorded. This was in part due to the rapid evacuation, immediate resuscitation and proper management of the casualties. An appropriately staffed hospital, efficient surgical techniques and the presence of highly skilled specialists working as a team also made this result possible. This analysis categorizes, evaluates and discusses the treatment of the casualties based on the severity of the injury and outlines several techniques used to treat such patients

Pneumomediastinum in patients with war injuries to the maxillofacial region can be a life-threatening condition. A case is presented of a flare-pistol-shot wound to the mandible which subsequently resulted in cervical emphysema, mediastinal emphysema, and pneumomediastinum, causing a critical condition. Maxillofacial surgeons should be alert to this problem when treating blast or multiple-shell injuries to the maxillofacial region.