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The effect of nano hydroxyapatite coating implant surfaces on gene expression and osseointegration

Kasai, H; Bergamo, E-T; Balderrama, Í-D; Imamura, K; Witek, L; Jalkh, E-B; Bonfante, E-A; Inoue, K; Coelho, P-G; Yamano, S
BACKGROUND:Hierarchical micro-nano structured topography along with surface chemistry modifications of dental implants have been suggested to positively contribute to the osseointegration process. However, the effect of such surface modifications on the molecular response as well as bone formation rate and quality are still unclear, especially in the early healing period. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of coating a double acid etched (DAE) implant surface with nano-sized (20 nm) hydroxyapatite (Nano) with respect to gene expression, histologic parameters, and nanomechanical properties when compared to DAE control at 1 and 2 weeks after implant placement in a rodent femur model. MATERIAL AND METHODS/METHODS:Expression of bone-related genes was determined by qRT-PCR (Col-I, Runx-2, Osx, Opn, Ocn, Alp). Histomorphometric evaluation of bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) within implant threads was performed using photomicrographs after histologic processing. Mechanical properties, reduced elastic modulus and hardness, were determined through nanoindentation. RESULTS:At 1 week, the Nano group demonstrated significantly higher expression of Col-I and Ocn compared to the DAE group, indicating upregulation of osteoprogenitor and osteoblast differentiation genes. At 2 weeks, Nano surface further exhibited enhanced gene expression of Col-I and Osx in comparison to the DAE surface, suggesting an increased mineralization of the newly formed bone. Nanoindentation analysis revealed that the Nano group presented no significant difference on the ranks of reduced elastic modulus and hardness compared to DAE for both timepoints. Histomorphometric analysis yielded no significant difference in the percentage of BIC and BAFO between the Nano and DAE surfaces at 1 and 2 weeks. However, Nano implants did present a higher mean value, ~50%, of BIC compared to DAE, ~30%, after 2 weeks in vivo. CONCLUSIONS:While no significant differences were observed in the amount and mechanical properties of newly formed bone, Nano surface positively and significantly increased the expression osteogenic genes compared to DAE surface at early healing periods.
PMID: 37992148
ISSN: 1698-6946
CID: 5608942

Growth Factor Delivery Using a Collagen Membrane for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Takayama, Tadahiro; Imamura, Kentaro; Yamano, Seiichi
The use of biomaterials and bioactive agents has shown promise in bone defect repair, leading to the development of strategies for bone regeneration. Various artificial membranes, especially collagen membranes (CMs) that are widely used for periodontal therapy and provide an extracellular matrix-simulating environment, play a significant role in promoting bone regeneration. In addition, numerous growth factors (GFs) have been used as clinical applications in regenerative therapy. However, it has been established that the unregulated administration of these factors may not work to their full regenerative potential and could also trigger unfavorable side effects. The utilization of these factors in clinical settings is still restricted due to the lack of effective delivery systems and biomaterial carriers. Hence, considering the efficiency of bone regeneration, both spaces maintained using CMs and GFs can synergistically create successful outcomes in bone tissue engineering. Therefore, recent studies have demonstrated a significant interest in the potential of combining CMs and GFs to effectively promote bone repair. This approach holds great promise and has become a focal point in our research. The purpose of this review is to highlight the role of CMs containing GFs in the regeneration of bone tissue, and to discuss their use in preclinical animal models of regeneration. Additionally, the review addresses potential concerns and suggests future research directions for growth factor therapy in the field of regenerative science.
PMCID:10216607
PMID: 37238679
ISSN: 2218-273x
CID: 5495762

PD-L1 attenuates T cell activation and osteoclast differentiation in periodontitis [Meeting Abstract]

Imamura, K; Nakane, S; Atsushi, S; Yamano, S
Background and Aim: Periodontitis is an infectious disease caused by periodontal pathogens that are known to evade host immune responses. Recently, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays an important role in suppressing T cell function in cancer immunity. However, the relationship between PD-L1 and periodontal disease is unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of PD-L1 on regulation of T cells activation and osteoclast differentiation in periodontitis.
Method(s): PD-L1 mRNA expression was measured in Ca9-22 human gingival epithelial cells infected with/without Porphyromonas gingivalis. After Jurkat human T lymphocyte cells were co-cultured with Ca9-22 cells infected with/without P. gingivalis, expression of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) as an activation marker of T cells was measured. After RAW 264.7 mouse monocyte/macrophage-like cells were treated with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and PD-L1, mRNA expression of osteoclast differentiation markers (Cat-K and Cfms) was measured and numbers of osteoclast-like cells were counted. Using a mouse periodontitis model with silk threads ligated to the maxillary molars, Pd-l1 mRNA was measured in the gingival tissue.
Result(s): PD-L1 mRNA expression significantly induced in Ca9-22 cells infected with P. gingivalis compared to non-infected control (p < 0.05). IFN-gamma secretion was significantly inhibited in co-cultured with Ca9-22 cells infected P. gingivalis compared to non-infected control. In the periodontitis model, osteoclast-like cells were observed and Pd-l1 mRNA expression was significantly increased in the ligated side compared to the control side (p < 0.01). The number of osteoclast-like cells and mRNA expression of Cat-K and C-fms was significantly decreased in RAW 264.7 cells treated with RANKL and PD-L1 compared to non-treated control (p < 0.05).
Conclusion(s): These results suggest that PD-L1 may play an important role in periodontitis via attenuating T cell activation and osteoclast differentiation
EMBASE:638518291
ISSN: 1600-051x
CID: 5293172

Real-time assessment of guided bone regeneration in critical size mandibular bone defects in rats using collagen membranes with adjunct fibroblast growth factor-2

Furuhata, Mitsuaki; Takayama, Tadahiro; Yamamoto, Takanobu; Ozawa, Yasumasa; Senoo, Motoki; Ozaki, Manami; Yamano, Seiichi; Sato, Shuichi
Background/purpose/UNASSIGNED:Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) regulates bone formation. The concept of guided bone regeneration using a resorbable collagen membrane (RCM) is generally accepted in implant dentistry. This study aimed to investigate the bone healing pattern in rat mandibular bone defects in real-time with and without RCM containing FGF-2 (RCM/FGF-2). Materials and methods/UNASSIGNED:Critical-size circular bone defects (4.0 mm diameter) were created on both sides of the rat mandibular bone. The defects were randomly divided into the following groups: control, RCM alone, RCM containing low (0.5 μg) or high (2.0 μg) concentration of FGF-2. We performed real-time in vivo micro-computerized tomography scans at the baseline and at 2, 4, and 6 weeks, and measured the volume of newly formed bone (NFB), bone mineral density (BMD) of NFB, and the closure percentage of the NFB area. At 6 weeks, the mandibular specimens were assessed histologically and histomorphometrically to evaluate the area of new bone regeneration. Results/UNASSIGNED:Real-time assessment revealed a significant increase in the volume, BMD, and closure percentage of the NFB area in the RCM/FGF-2-treated groups than that in the control and RCM groups. In the H-FGF-2 group, the volume and BMD of NFB exhibited a significant increase at 6 weeks than that at the baseline. Histological evaluation revealed the presence of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and blood vessels within the NFB. Conclusion/UNASSIGNED:The real-time in vivo experiment demonstrated that RCM/FGF-2 effectively promoted bone regeneration within the critical-size mandibular defects in rats and verified new bone formation starting in the early postoperative phase.
PMCID:8403809
PMID: 34484585
ISSN: 2213-8862
CID: 5006522

Efficient siRNA delivery and gene silencing using a lipopolypeptide hybrid vector mediated by a caveolae-mediated and temperature-dependent endocytic pathway

Kasai, Hironori; Inoue, Kenji; Imamura, Kentaro; Yuvienco, Carlo; Montclare, Jin K; Yamano, Seiichi
BACKGROUND:We developed a non-viral vector, a combination of HIV-1 Tat peptide modified with histidine and cysteine (mTat) and polyethylenimine, jetPEI (PEI), displaying the high efficiency of plasmid DNA transfection with little toxicity. Since the highest efficiency of INTERFERin (INT), a cationic amphiphilic lipid-based reagent, for small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection among six commercial reagents was shown, we hypothesized that combining mTat/PEI with INT would improve transfection efficiency of siRNA delivery. To elucidate the efficacy of the hybrid vector for siRNA silencing, β-actin expression was measured after siRNA β-actin was transfected with mTat/PEI/INT or other vectors in HSC-3 human oral squamous carcinoma cells. RESULTS:mTat/PEI/INT/siRNA produced significant improvement in transfection efficiency with little cytotoxicity compared to other vectors and achieved ≈ 100% knockdown of β-actin expression compared to non-treated cells. The electric charge of mTat/PEI/INT/siRNA was significantly higher than INT/siRNA. The particle size of mTat/PEI/INT/siRNA was significantly smaller than INT/siRNA. Filipin III and β-cyclodextrin, an inhibitor of caveolae-mediated endocytosis, significantly inhibited mTat/PEI/INT/siRNA transfection, while chlorpromazine, an inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, did not inhibit mTat/PEI/INT/siRNA transfection. Furthermore, the transfection efficiency of mTat/PEI/INT at 4 °C was significantly lower than 37 °C. CONCLUSIONS:These findings demonstrated the feasibility of using mTat/PEI/INT as a potentially attractive non-viral vector for siRNA delivery.
PMCID:6341701
PMID: 30670041
ISSN: 1477-3155
CID: 3609642

Released fibroblast growth factor18 from a collagen membrane induces osteoblastic activity involved with downregulation of miR-133a and miR-135a

Imamura, Kentaro; Tachi, Keita; Takayama, Tadahiro; Shohara, Ryutaro; Kasai, Hironori; Dai, Jisen; Yamano, Seiichi
We have developed a unique delivery system of growth factors using collagen membranes (CMs) to induce bone regeneration. We hypothesized that fibroblast growth factor18 (FGF-18), a pleiotropic protein that stimulates proliferation in several tissues, can be a good candidate to use our delivery system for bone regeneration. Cell viability, cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization, and marker gene expression of osteoblastic differentiation were evaluated after mouse preosteoblasts were cultured with a CM containing FGF-18, a CM containing platelet-derived growth factor, or a CM alone. Furthermore, expression of microRNA, especially miR-133a and miR-135a involving inhibition of osteogenic factors, was measured in preosteoblasts with CM/FGF-18 or CM alone. A sustained release of FGF-18 from the CM was observed over 21 days. CM/FGF-18 significantly promoted cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization compared to CM alone. Gene expression of type I collagen, runt-related transcription factor 2, osteocalcin, Smad5, and osteopontin was significantly upregulated in CM/FGF-18 compared to CM alone, and similar to CM/platelet-derived growth factor. Additionally, CM/FGF-18 downregulated expression of miR-133a and miR-135a. These results suggested that released FGF-18 from a CM promotes osteoblastic activity involved with downregulation of miR-133a and miR-135a.
PMID: 29544382
ISSN: 1530-8022
CID: 2994272

A collagen membrane containing osteogenic protein-1 facilitates bone regeneration in a rat mandibular bone defect

Ozaki, Manami; Takayama, Tadahiro; Yamamoto, Takanobu; Ozawa, Yasumasa; Nagao, Mayu; Tanabe, Natsuko; Nakajima, Akira; Suzuki, Naoto; Maeno, Masao; Yamano, Seiichi; Sato, Shuichi
OBJECTIVES: Osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) has shown osteoinductive activities and is useful for clinical treatments, including bone regeneration. Regenerative procedures using a bioabsorbable collagen membrane (BCM) are well established in periodontal and implant dentistry. We evaluated the subsequent effects of the BCM in combination with OP-1 on bone regeneration in a rat mandibular circular critical-sized bone defect in vivo. DESIGN: We used 8 rats that received surgery in both sides of the mandible, and created the total 16 defects which were divided into 4 groups: Group 1; no treatment, as a control, Group 2; BCM alone, Group 3; BCM containing low dose 0.5mug of OP-1 (L-OP-1), and Group 4; BCM containing high dose 2.0mug of OP-1 (H-OP-1). Newly formed bone was evaluated by micro computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological analyses at 8 weeks postoperatively. In quantitative and qualitative micro-CT analyses of the volume of new bone formation, bone density, and percentage of new bone area was evaluated. RESULTS: BCM with rhOP-1 significantly increased and accelerated bone volume, bone mineral density, and percentage of new bone area compared to control and BCM alone at 8 weeks after surgery; these enhancements in bone regeneration in the OP-1-treated groups were dose-dependent. CONCLUSIONS: OP-1 delivered with a BCM may have effective osteoinductive potency and be a good combination for bone regeneration. The use of such a combination device for osteogenesis may result in safer and more predictable bone regenerative outcomes in the future.
PMID: 28938197
ISSN: 1879-1506
CID: 2708542

The potential of stromal cell-derived factor-1 delivery using a collagen membrane for bone regeneration

Takayama, Tadahiro; Dai, Jisen; Tachi, Keita; Shohara, Ryutaro; Kasai, Hironori; Imamura, Kentaro; Yamano, Seiichi
Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is a cytokine that is important in stem and progenitor cell recruitment in tissue repair after injury. Regenerative procedures using collagen membranes (CMs) are presently well established in periodontal and implant dentistry. The objective of this study is to test the subsequent effects of the released SDF-1 from a CM on bone regeneration compared to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in vitro and in vivo. For in vitro studies, cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteoblastic differentiation marker genes were assessed after MC3T3-E1 mouse preosteoblasts were cultured with CMs containing factors. In vivo effects were investigated by placement of CMs containing SDF-1 or PDGF using a rat mandibular bone defect model. At 4 weeks after the surgery, the new bone formation was measured using micro-computed tomography (microCT) and histological analysis. The results of in vitro studies revealed that CM delivery of SDF-1 significantly induced cell proliferation, ALP activity, and gene expression of all osteogenic markers compared to the CM alone or control, similar to PDGF. Quantitative and qualitative microCT analysis for volume of new bone formation and the percentage of new bone area showed that SDF-1-treated groups significantly increased and accelerated bone regeneration compared to control and CM alone. The enhancement of bone formation in SDF-1-treated animals was dose-dependent and with levels similar to those measured with PDGF. These results suggest that a CM with SDF-1 may be a great candidate for growth factor delivery that could be a substitute for PDGF in clinical procedures where bone regeneration is necessary.
PMID: 28056602
ISSN: 1530-8022
CID: 2386812

Ex vivo nonviral gene delivery of mu-opioid receptor to attenuate cancer-induced pain

Yamano, Seiichi; Viet, Chi T; Dang, Dongmin; Dai, Jisen; Hanatani, Shigeru; Takayama, Tadahiro; Kasai, Hironori; Imamura, Kentaro; Campbell, Ron; Ye, Yi; Dolan, John C; Kwon, William Myung; Schneider, Stefan D; Schmidt, Brian L
Virus-mediated gene delivery shows promise for the treatment of chronic pain. However, viral vectors have cytotoxicity. To avoid toxicities and limitations of virus-mediated gene delivery, we developed a novel nonviral hybrid vector: HIV-1 Tat peptide sequence modified with histidine and cysteine residues combined with a cationic lipid. The vector has high transfection efficiency with little cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines including HSC-3 (human tongue squamous cell carcinoma) and exhibits differential expression in HSC-3 ( approximately 45-fold) relative to HGF-1 (human gingival fibroblasts) cells. We used the nonviral vector to transfect cancer with OPRM1, the mu-opioid receptor gene, as a novel method for treating cancer-induced pain. After HSC-3 cells were transfected with OPRM1, a cancer mouse model was created by inoculating the transfected HSC-3 cells into the hind paw or tongue of athymic mice to determine the analgesic potential of OPRM1 transfection. Mice with HSC-3 tumors expressing OPRM1 demonstrated significant antinociception compared with control mice. The effect was reversible with local naloxone administration. We quantified beta-endorphin secretion from HSC-3 cells and showed that HSC-3 cells transfected with OPRM1 secreted significantly more beta-endorphin than control HSC-3 cells. These findings indicate that nonviral delivery of the OPRM1 gene targeted to the cancer microenvironment has an analgesic effect in a preclinical cancer model, and nonviral gene delivery is a potential treatment for cancer pain.
PMCID:5584564
PMID: 28092646
ISSN: 1872-6623
CID: 2412132

Nanometer-Scale Features on Micrometer-Scale Surface Texturing: A Bone Histological, Gene Expression, and Nanomechanical Study

Coelho, Paulo G; Takayama, Tadahiro; Yoo, Daniel; Jimbo, Ryo; Karunagaran, Sanjay; Tovar, Nick; Janal, Malvin N; Yamano, Seiichi
Micro- and nanoscale surface modifications have been the focus of multiple studies in the pursuit of accelerating bone apposition or osseointegration at the implant surface. Here, we evaluated histological and nanomechanical properties, and gene expression, for a microblasted surface presenting nanometer-scale texture within a micrometer-scale texture (MB) (Ossean Surface, Intra-Lock International, Boca Raton, FL) versus a dual-acid etched surface presenting texture at the micrometer-scale only (AA), in a rodent femur model for 1, 2, 4, and 8weeks in vivo. Following animal sacrifice, samples were evaluated in terms of histomorphometry, biomechanical properties through nanoindentation, and gene expression by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Although the histomorphometric, and gene expression analysis results were not significantly different between MB and AA at 4 and 8weeks, significant differences were seen at 1 and 2weeks. The expression of the genes encoding collagen type I (COL-1), and osteopontin (OPN) was significantly higher for MB than for AA at 1week, indicating upregulated osteoprogenitor and osteoblast differentiation. At 2weeks, significantly upregulated expression of the genes for COL-1, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2), osterix, and osteocalcin (OCN) indicated progressive mineralization in newly formed bone. The nanomechanical properties tested by the nanoindentation presented significantly higher rank hardness and elastic modulus for the MB compared to AA at all time points tested. In conclusion, the nanotopographical featured surfaces presented an overall higher host-to-implant response compared to the microtextured only surfaces. The statistical differences observed in some of the osteogenic gene expression between the two groups may shed some insight into the role of surface texture and its extent in the observed bone healing mechanisms.
PMID: 24813260
ISSN: 1873-2763
CID: 979592