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Surgery or Endovascular Therapy for Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia? What do BASIL-2 and BEST-CLI Tell Us [Editorial]

Paraskevas, Kosmas I; Veith, Frank J
PMID: 38336359
ISSN: 1940-1574
CID: 5632092

The New ESVS Practice Guidelines for Intermittent Claudication are Exactly What We Need [Editorial]

Hicks, Caitlin W; Veith, Frank J
PMID: 37839661
ISSN: 1532-2165
CID: 5614222

Positive Preoperative Cardiac Stress Test Associated With Higher Late Mortality in Patients Undergoing Elective Carotid Endarterectomy [Meeting Abstract]

Rokosh, R S; Rockman, C; Jacobowitz, G; Cayne, N; Maldonado, T S; Patel, V I; Siracuse, J J; Veith, F; Chang, H; Garg, K
Objectives: This study compared outcomes in patients with and without preoperative cardiac stress testing undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA).
Method(s): Patients in the Vascular Quality Initiative Vascular Implant Surveillance and Interventional Outcomes Network database who underwent elective carotid revascularization between 2016 and 2019 were included. Patients were analyzed by group based upon whether they underwent cardiac stress testing within two years preceding revascularization without subsequent coronary intervention. Subset analysis was performed comparing outcomes between those with negative and positive results, defined as evidence of ischemia or myocardial infarction (MI). Outcomes of interest were periprocedural MI/stroke, 90-day readmission rates, as well as late-term mortality.
Result(s): We analyzed 14,470 patients who underwent elective CEA. Of these, 5411 (37.4%) underwent preoperative stress testing and 1231 (29.4%) were positive. Comorbidities were significantly higher among patients undergoing CEA with preoperative stress test compared to those without stress testing. For patients with positive stress test undergoing CEA, there was a significant increase in postoperative MI (1.7% vs 0.6%; P <.001) and 90-day readmission rates (19.6% vs 15.8%; P =.003), but no significant change in postoperative stroke or congestive heart failure incidence. In 3-year follow-up after CEA, those with a positive stress test were more likely to undergo coronary artery bypass graft/percutaneous coronary intervention (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42-2.27; P <.0001) and also exhibited a 28% increase in mortality (adjusted HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.03-1.58; P =.03) in follow-up compared to those patients with a negative preoperative stress test (Figure). Conversely, those patients with a negative stress test compared to no stress test undergoing CEA experienced a 14% reduction in follow-up mortality (adjusted HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76-0.98; P =.02) despite no difference in in-hospital MI/stroke or follow-up coronary artery bypass graft/percutaneous coronary intervention (adjusted HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.78-1.14; P =.53).
Conclusion(s): Our study highlights that cardiac stress testing in appropriately selected patients can facilitate risk stratification and identify patients at higher risk of postoperative adverse cardiac events. Furthermore, judicious patient selection for elective CEA is warranted in patients with a positive preoperative stress test given the increased late mortality. [Formula presented]
Copyright
EMBASE:2024650331
ISSN: 1097-6809
CID: 5514382

Renal transplant recipients undergoing endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair have increased risk of perioperative acute kidney injury but no difference in late mortality

Chang, Heepeel; Veith, Frank J; Laskowski, Igor; Maldonado, Thomas S; Butler, Jonathan R; Jacobowitz, Glenn R; Rockman, Caron B; Zeeshan, Muhammad; Ventarola, Daniel J; Cayne, Neal S; Lui, Aiden; Mateo, Romeo; Babu, Sateesh; Goyal, Arun; Garg, Karan
OBJECTIVE:Renal transplant is associated with substantial survival advantage in patients with end-stage renal disease. However, little is known about the outcomes of renal transplant recipients (RTRs) after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). This study aimed to study the effect of renal transplant on perioperative outcomes and long-term survival after elective infrarenal EVAR. METHODS:The Vascular Quality Initiative database was queried for all patients undergoing elective EVAR from 2003 to 2021. Functioning RTRs were compared with non-renal transplant recipients without a diagnosis of end-stage renal disease (non-RTRs). The outcomes included 30-day mortality, acute kidney injury (AKI), new renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT), endoleak, aortic-related reintervention, major adverse cardiac events, and 5-year survival. A logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between RTRs and perioperative outcomes. RESULTS:Of 60,522 patients undergoing elective EVAR, 180 (0.3%) were RTRs. RTRs were younger (median, 71 years vs 74.5 years; P < .001), with higher incidence of hypertension (92% vs 84%; P = .004) and diabetes (29% vs 21%; P = .005). RTRs had higher median preoperative serum creatinine (1.3 mg/dL vs 1.0 mg/dL; P < .001) and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (51.6 mL/min vs 69.4 mL/min; P < .001). There was no difference in the abdominal aortic aneurysm diameter and incidence of concurrent iliac aneurysms. Procedurally, RTRs were more likely to undergo general anesthesia with lower amount of contrast used (median, 68.6 mL vs 94.8 ml; P < .001) and higher crystalloid infusion (median, 1700 mL vs 1500 mL; P = .039), but no difference was observed in the incidence of open conversion, endoleak, operative time, and blood loss. Postoperatively, RTRs experienced a higher rate of AKI (9.4% vs 2.7%; P < .001), but the need for new RRT was similar (1.1% vs 0.4%; P = .15). There was no difference in the rates of postoperative mortality, aortic-related reintervention, and major adverse cardiac events. After adjustment for potential confounders, RTRs remained associated with increased odds of postoperative AKI (odds ratio, 3.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.93-5.76; P < .001) but had no association with other postoperative complications. A subgroup analysis identified that diabetes (odds ratio, 4.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-15.14; P = .02) is associated with increased odds of postoperative AKI among RTRs. At 5 years, the overall survival rates were similar (83.4% vs 80%; log-rank P = .235). CONCLUSIONS:Among patients undergoing elective infrarenal EVAR, RTRs were independently associated with increased odds of postoperative AKI, without increased postoperative renal failure requiring RRT, mortality, endoleak, aortic-related reintervention, or major adverse cardiac events. Furthermore, 5-year survival was similar. As such, while EVAR may confer comparable benefits and technical success perioperatively, RTRs should have aggressive and maximally optimized renal protection to mitigate the risk of postoperative AKI.
PMID: 36626957
ISSN: 1097-6809
CID: 5434342

Renal transplant recipients undergoing endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair have increased risk of perioperative acute kidney injury but no difference in late mortality: Presented at the 2022 Vascular Annual Meeting of the Society for Vascular Surgery; Boston, Massachusetts, June 15-18, 2022 [Meeting Abstract]

Chang, H; Veith, F J; Laskowski, I; Maldonado, T S; Butler, J R; Jacobowitz, G R; Rockman, C B; Zeeshan, M; Ventarola, D J; Cayne, N S; Lui, A; Mateo, R; Babu, S; Goyal, A; Garg, K
Objective: Renal transplant is associated with substantial survival advantage in patients with end-stage renal disease. However, little is known about the outcomes of renal transplant recipients (RTRs) after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). This study aimed to study the effect of renal transplant on perioperative outcomes and long-term survival after elective infrarenal EVAR.
Method(s): The Vascular Quality Initiative database was queried for all patients undergoing elective EVAR from 2003 to 2021. Functioning RTRs were compared with non-renal transplant recipients without a diagnosis of end-stage renal disease (non-RTRs). The outcomes included 30-day mortality, acute kidney injury (AKI), new renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT), endoleak, aortic-related reintervention, major adverse cardiac events, and 5-year survival. A logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between RTRs and perioperative outcomes.
Result(s): Of 60,522 patients undergoing elective EVAR, 180 (0.3%) were RTRs. RTRs were younger (median, 71 years vs 74.5 years; P <.001), with higher incidence of hypertension (92% vs 84%; P =.004) and diabetes (29% vs 21%; P =.005). RTRs had higher median preoperative serum creatinine (1.3 mg/dL vs 1.0 mg/dL; P <.001) and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (51.6 mL/min vs 69.4 mL/min; P <.001). There was no difference in the abdominal aortic aneurysm diameter and incidence of concurrent iliac aneurysms. Procedurally, RTRs were more likely to undergo general anesthesia with lower amount of contrast used (median, 68.6 mL vs 94.8 ml; P <.001) and higher crystalloid infusion (median, 1700 mL vs 1500 mL; P =.039), but no difference was observed in the incidence of open conversion, endoleak, operative time, and blood loss. Postoperatively, RTRs experienced a higher rate of AKI (9.4% vs 2.7%; P <.001), but the need for new RRT was similar (1.1% vs 0.4%; P =.15). There was no difference in the rates of postoperative mortality, aortic-related reintervention, and major adverse cardiac events. After adjustment for potential confounders, RTRs remained associated with increased odds of postoperative AKI (odds ratio, 3.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.93-5.76; P <.001) but had no association with other postoperative complications. A subgroup analysis identified that diabetes (odds ratio, 4.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-15.14; P =.02) is associated with increased odds of postoperative AKI among RTRs. At 5 years, the overall survival rates were similar (83.4% vs 80%; log-rank P =.235).
Conclusion(s): Among patients undergoing elective infrarenal EVAR, RTRs were independently associated with increased odds of postoperative AKI, without increased postoperative renal failure requiring RRT, mortality, endoleak, aortic-related reintervention, or major adverse cardiac events. Furthermore, 5-year survival was similar. As such, while EVAR may confer comparable benefits and technical success perioperatively, RTRs should have aggressive and maximally optimized renal protection to mitigate the risk of postoperative AKI. Keywords: End-stage renal disease, Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm, Multi-institutional study, Renal transplant, Renal transplant recipient, Vascular Quality Initiative database
Copyright
EMBASE:2024574649
ISSN: 1532-2165
CID: 5514402

Expansion of Bypass as a Revascularization Option for Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia [Editorial]

Paraskevas, Kosmas I; Veith, Frank J
PMID: 36880697
ISSN: 1940-1574
CID: 5432652

Beta-blocker Use After Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair in Patients with Type B Aortic Dissection Is Associated with Improved Early Aortic Remodeling

Chang, Heepeel; Rockman, Caron B; Ramkhelawon, Bhama; Maldonado, Thomas S; Cayne, Neal S; Veith, Frank J; Jacobowitz, Glenn R; Patel, Virendra I; Laskowski, Igor; Garg, Karan
OBJECTIVE:Beta-blockers are first-line anti-impulse therapy in patients presenting with acute type B aortic dissection (TBAD). However, little is understood about their impact after aortic repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of postoperative beta-blocker use on outcomes of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in TBAD. METHODS:The Vascular Quality Initiative database was queried for all patients undergoing TEVAR for TBAD from 2012 to 2020. Aortic-related reintervention, all-cause mortality and effect of TEVAR on false lumen thrombosis of the treated aortic segment were assessed and compared between patients treated with and without beta-blocker postoperatively. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the effect of beta-blocker therapies on outcomes. RESULTS:1,114 patients undergoing TEVAR for TBAD were identified with a mean follow-up of 18±12 months. The mean age was 61.1±11.9 years, and 791 (71%) were male. 935 (84%) patients were maintained on beta-blocker at discharge and follow-up. Patients on beta-blocker were more likely to have an entry tear originating in zones 1-2 (22% vs 13%; P=.022). The prevalence of acute, elective and symptomatic AD, concurrent aneurysm, number of endografts used, distribution of the proximal and distal zones of dissection and operative time were comparable between the two cohorts. At 18-months, significantly more complete false lumen thrombosis (58 vs 47%; log-rank P=.018) was observed in patients on beta-blocker while the rates of aortic-related reinterventions (13% vs 9%; log-rank P=.396) and mortality (0.2% vs 0.7%; log-rank P=.401) were similar in patients with and without beta-blocker, respectively. Even after adjusting for clinical and anatomic factors, postoperative beta-blocker use was associated with increased complete false lumen thrombosis (HR 1.56; 95% CI: 1.10-2.21; P=.012) but did not affect mortality or aortic-related reintervention. A secondary analysis of beta-blocker use in acute versus chronic TBAD showed a higher rate of complete false lumen thrombosis in patients on beta-blocker in chronic TBAD (59% vs 38%; log-rank P=.038). In contrast, there was no difference in the rate of complete false lumen thrombosis in acute TBAD between the two cohorts (58% vs 51%; log-rank P=.158). When analyzed separately, postoperative ACE inhibitor use did not affect the rates of complete false lumen thrombosis, mortality and aortic-related reintervention. CONCLUSIONS:Beta-blocker use was associated with promotion of complete false lumen in patients undergoing TEVAR for TBAD. In addition to its role in acute setting, anti-impulse control with beta-blocker appears to confer favorable aortic remodeling and may improve outcomes after TEVAR, particularly for chronic TBAD.
PMID: 35868420
ISSN: 1097-6809
CID: 5279412

Severity of stenosis in symptomatic patients undergoing carotid interventions may influence perioperative neurologic events

Garg, Karan; Chang, Heepeel; Siracuse, Jeffrey J; Jacobowitz, Glenn R; Torres, Jose; Veith, Frank J; Patel, Virendra I; Maldonado, Thomas S; Sadek, Mikel; Cayne, Neal S; Rockman, Caron B
OBJECTIVE:Carotid artery plaque burden, indirectly measured by the degree of stenosis, quantifies future embolic risk. In natural history studies, patients with moderate degrees of stenosis have a lower stroke risk than those with severe stenosis. However, patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis who have experienced TIA or stroke are found to have both moderate and severe degrees of stenosis. We sought to examine the association carotid artery stenosis severity with outcomes in symptomatic patients undergoing carotid interventions including carotid endarterectomy (CEA), transfemoral carotid artery stenting (CAS) and transcervical carotid artery revascularization (TCAR). METHODS:The Society for Vascular Surgery Quality Initiative database was queried for all patients undergoing CAS, CEA and TCAR between 2003 and 2020. Patients were stratified into two groups based on the severity of stenosis - non-severe (0 - 69%) and severe (≥ 70%). Primary endpoints were periprocedural neurologic events (strokes and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)). Secondary endpoints were periprocedural death, myocardial infarction (MI) and composite outcomes of stroke/death and stroke/death/MI per reporting standards for carotid interventions. RESULTS:Of 29,614 symptomatic patients included in the analysis, 5,296 (17.9%) patients underwent TCAR, 7,844 (26.5%) underwent CAS, and 16,474 (55.6%) underwent CEA for symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. In the CEA cohort, the neurologic event rate was similarly significantly lower in patients with severe stenosis when compared to those with non-severe stenosis (2.6% vs. 3.2%, P=.024). In the TCAR cohort, the periprocedural neurologic even rate was lower in patients with severe stenosis when compared to those with non-severe stenosis (3% vs. 4.3%, P=.033). There was no similar difference noted in the CAS cohort, with periprocedural neurologic event rates of 3.8% in the severe group versus 3.5% in the non-severe group (P=.518). On multivariable analysis, severe stenosis was associated with significantly decreased odds of post procedural neurologic events in patients undergoing CEA (odds ratio [OR] 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6 - 0.92; P=.007) and TCAR (OR .83; CI, .69 - 0.99; P=.039), but not CAS. CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:Severe carotid stenosis as opposed to more moderate degrees of stenosis was associated with decreased rates of periprocedural stroke and TIAs in symptomatic patients undergoing TCAR and CEA, but not CAS. The finding of increased rates of periprocedural neurologic events in symptomatic patients with lesser degrees of stenosis undergoing TCAR and CEA warrants further evaluation with a particular focus on plaque morphology and brain physiology, and their inherent risks with carotid revascularization procedures.
PMID: 35272001
ISSN: 1097-6809
CID: 5183632

Prophylactic sac outflow vessel embolization is associated with improved sac regression in patients undergoing endovascular aortic aneurysm repair

Rokosh, Rae S; Chang, Heepeel; Butler, Jonathan R; Rockman, Caron B; Patel, Virendra I; Milner, Ross; Jacobowitz, Glenn R; Cayne, Neal S; Veith, Frank; Garg, Karan
OBJECTIVE:Type II endoleaks (T2Es), often identified after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), have been associated with late endograft failure and secondary rupture. The number and size of the patent aortic aneurysm sac outflow vessels (ie, the inferior mesenteric, lumbar, and accessory renal arteries) have been implicated as known risk factors for persistent T2Es. Given the technical challenges associated with post-EVAR embolization, prophylactic embolization of aortic aneurysm sac outflow vessels has been advocated to prevent T2Es; however, the evidence available at present is limited. We sought to examine the effects of concomitant prophylactic aortic aneurysm sac outflow vessel embolization in patients undergoing EVAR. METHODS:Patients aged ≥18 years included in the Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Initiative database who had undergone elective EVAR for intact aneurysms between January 2009 and November 2020 were included in the present study. Patients with a history of prior aortic repair and those without available follow-up data were excluded. The patient demographics, operative characteristics, and outcomes were analyzed by group: EVAR alone vs EVAR with prophylactic sac outflow vessel embolization (emboEVAR). The outcomes of interest were the in-hospital postoperative complication rates, incidence of aneurysmal sac regression (≥5 mm) and T2Es, and reintervention rates during follow-up. RESULTS:A total of 15,060 patients were included. Of these patients, 272 had undergone emboEVAR and 14,788 had undergone EVAR alone. No significant differences were found between the two groups in age, comorbidities, or anatomic characteristics, including the mean maximum preoperative aortic diameter (5.5 vs 5.6 cm; P = .48). emboEVAR was associated with significantly longer procedural times (148 vs 124 minutes; P < .0001), prolonged fluoroscopy times (32 vs 23 minutes; P < .0001), increased contrast use (105 vs 91 mL; P < .0001), without a significant reduction in T2Es at case completion (17.7% vs 16.3%; P = .54). The incidence of postoperative complications (3.7% vs 4.6%; P = .56), index hospitalization reintervention rates (0.7% vs 1.3%; P = .59), length of stay (1.8 vs 2 days; P = .75), and 30-day mortality (0% vs 0%; P = 1.00) were similar between the two groups. At mid-term follow-up (14.6 ± 6.2 months), the emboEVAR group had a significantly greater mean reduction in the maximum aortic diameter (0.69 vs 0.54 cm; P = .006), with a greater proportion experiencing sac regression of ≥5 mm (53.5% vs 48.7%). The reintervention rates were similar between the two groups. On multivariable analysis, prophylactic aortic aneurysm sac outflow vessel embolization (odds ratio, 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.74; P = .024) was a significant independent predictor of sac regression. CONCLUSIONS:Prophylactic sac outflow vessel embolization can be performed safely for patients with intact aortic aneurysms undergoing elective EVAR without significant associated perioperative morbidity or mortality. emboEVAR was associated with significant sac regression compared with EVAR alone at mid-term follow-up. Although no decrease was found in the incidence of T2Es, this technique shows promise, and future efforts should focus on identifying a subset of aneurysm and outflow branch characteristics that will benefit from concomitant selective vs complete prophylactic sac outflow vessel embolization.
PMID: 34923066
ISSN: 1097-6809
CID: 5108632

The spinning of randomized controlled trials [Letter]

Veith, Frank J; Paraskevas, Kosmas I
PMID: 35738788
ISSN: 1097-6809
CID: 5280932