Faculty Bibliography

PURPOSE:To assess the usability of patient education websites for refractive surgery through an analysis of readability, accountability, subjective quality, and visual accessibility. METHODS:50 patient education websites for five refractive surgery modalities were gathered from an incognito Google search and categorized by authorship category: institutional, medical organization, or private practice. Each website was assessed for readability, accountability using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark, subjective quality using the DISCERN instrument, and visual accessibility was assessed using the Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool (WAVE). RESULTS: = 0.049). The average DISCERN score was 51.97 with no differences between authorship categories. Websites had an average of 87.84 visual accessibility violations. CONCLUSIONS:Available patient education websites for refractive surgery may suffer from poor readability, quality, and visual accessibility which may limit their usability.

PURPOSE/UNASSIGNED:To characterize the epidemiology of consumer product-related ocular injury in the United States (US) incarcerated population, and identify preventable causes. METHODS/UNASSIGNED:The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database was queried for cases of eye injury from 2014 to 2023. Incarcerated cases were identified using the keywords "prison", "jail", "inmate", and "incarcerate". Year of injury, diagnosis, product code, and demographic information were gathered and compared between the incarcerated and general US populations using SPSS version 29 (IBM Corp.). A narrative analysis categorized cases of ocular trauma in the incarcerated by common causes of injury. RESULTS/UNASSIGNED:Between 2014 and 2023, there were an estimated 1,644,841 cases of consumer-product related ocular injury the US, with 2683 cases occurring in the incarcerated. A higher percentage of ocular injury cases in the incarcerated involved African American individuals (43.42% vs. 17.18%), males (92.22% vs 68.54%), alcohol use (4.11% vs. 0.64%), drug use (3.91% vs. 0.82%), and hospitalization (4.96% vs. 1.39%). Contusions were less common in the incarcerated population (27.21% vs. 41.31%), while foreign body injuries were more common (24.38% vs. 18.75%). Penal labor, including cleaning (13.74%), welding (8.25%), yardwork (5.92%), and power grinding (5.72%), accounted for 36.36% of injuries. 26.50% of injuries were sports-related, with basketball involved in 16.82%. CONCLUSIONS/UNASSIGNED:The epidemiology of ocular injury in the incarcerated differs from the general US population. Penal labor and sports-related ocular injury represent a majority of cases, underscoring the need for protective eyewear.

This review highlights recent developments in the management of adenoviral conjunctivitis (AC), the most common cause of viral conjunctivitis, which can lead to serious complications like subepithelial infiltrates, pseudomembrane formation, and conjunctival scarring. This paper discusses the pathogenic serotypes, particularly those responsible for epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), and new treatment options, with a focus on povidone-iodine (PVP-I). Diagnosis of AC is primarily based on clinical evaluation, although laboratory testing and imaging may support the assessment. Recent investigation suggests that PVP-I is a promising treatment option, as it can reduce viral load and alleviate symptoms, with minimal adverse effects. However, further research is needed to refine the optimal treatment protocols for PVP-I.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE:To determine predictors of high pain in open globe injury (OGI) cases treated and transported by Emergency Medical Services. METHODS:The National Emergency Medical Services Information System database was queried for activations of OGI between 2017 and 2021. Demographic, location, medication, and date and time information was collected. Cases were divided based on the intensity of maximum pain reported (low pain: below 5/10, high pain: above 5/10). Logistic regression was used to identify significant predictors of high maximum pain. RESULTS:Of 53,589 cases of OGI, 20,766 reported high levels of pain. Females were more likely to report high pain than males (OR 1.24, CI 1.195-1.285). All age groups between 16 and 75 years old were more likely to report high pain than patients below 15, while all age groups above 75 were less likely. American Indians/Alaska Natives, Black, and Hispanic Americans were all more likely to report high pain than White Americans (American Indian, OR 1.249, CI 1.067-1.461; Black, OR 1.332, CI 1.277-1.390; Hispanic, OR 1.133, CI 1.064-1.207). OGI cases in the Midwest and South regions were less likely to report high pain than those in the West (Midwest, OR 0.868, CI 0.807-0.933; South, OR 0.800, CI 0.748-0.855). Compared to low pain patients, a greater percentage of high pain patients received opioid analgesia (10.04% vs. 0.44%). CONCLUSIONS:Demographic factors and location may contribute to higher pain in OGI patients. This information may prove useful in the management of OGI and may warrant further investigation into the nature of open globe trauma.Kindly check and confirm the inserted city is correct for affiliation 3.Correct.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE:This review examined existing literature to determine various ocular manifestations of liver pathologies, with a focus on metabolic deficiencies as well as viral and immune liver conditions. METHODS:Recent data were compiled from PubMed from 2000 to 2020 using keywords that were relevant to the assessed pathologies. Ocular presentations of several liver pathologies were researched and then summarized in a comprehensive form. RESULTS:Several ocular manifestations of liver disease were related to vitamin A deficiency, as liver disease is associated with impaired vitamin A homeostasis. Alcoholic liver cirrhosis can result in vitamin A deficiency, presenting with Bitot spots, xerosis, and corneal necrosis. Congenital liver diseases such as mucopolysaccharidoses and peroxisomal disorders are also linked with ocular signs. Viral causes of liver disease have associations with conditions like retinal vasculitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, retinopathies, Mooren's ulcer, and Sjogren's syndrome. Autoimmune hepatitis has been linked to peripheral ulcerative keratitis and uveitis. CONCLUSIONS:Building strong associations between ocular and liver pathology will allow for early detection of such conditions, leading to the early implementation of management strategies. While this review outlines several of the existing connections between hepatic and ophthalmic disease, further research is needed in the area in order to strengthen these associations.