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Elective cesarean section [Letter]

Fernandes, John R
PMCID:437659
PMID: 15238476
ISSN: 0820-3946
CID: 96013

Genome-wide mutagenesis of Zea mays L. using RescueMu transposons

Fernandes, John; Dong, Qunfeng; Schneider, Bret; Morrow, Darren J; Nan, Guo-Ling; Brendel, Volker; Walbot, Virginia
Derived from the maize Mu1 transposon, RescueMu provides strategies for maize gene discovery and mutant phenotypic analysis. 9.92 Mb of gene-enriched sequences next to RescueMu insertion sites were co-assembled with expressed sequence tags and analyzed. Multiple plasmid recoveries identified probable germinal insertions and screening of RescueMu plasmid libraries identified plants containing probable germinal insertions. Although frequently recovered parental insertions and insertion hotspots reduce the efficiency of gene discovery per plasmid, RescueMu targets a large variety of genes and produces knockout mutants
PMCID:545602
PMID: 15461800
ISSN: 1474-7596
CID: 96012

The prevalence and correlates of hazardous drinking in industrial workers: a study from Goa, India

Chagas Silva, Melvin; Gaunekar, Gaurish; Patel, Vikram; Kukalekar, Damodar S; Fernandes, John
AIMS: This study aimed to describe the prevalence and associations of hazardous drinking in a male industrial worker population in India. METHODS: A total of 984 subjects from a randomly selected sample of 1013 workers from four industries in Goa, India, were recruited. Interviews included the 10-item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) as an indicator of hazardous drinking and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12) as a measure of common mental disorders (CMDs). RESULTS: The prevalence of hazardous drinking, defined as an AUDIT score of more than 8 was 21%. There was a significant association with CMD (OR 2, P = 0.003). Hazardous drinking was significantly associated with severe health problems, such as head injuries and hospitalization, whereas CMD was found to be a confounder in its association with adverse economic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Hazardous drinking is common among male industrial workers in Goa. Interventions in the workplace must target both drinking problems and CMDs, since they often co-exist and are associated with different types of adverse outcomes
PMID: 12554613
ISSN: 0735-0414
CID: 96014

Gene-expression profile comparisons distinguish seven organs of maize

Cho, Yangrae; Fernandes, John; Kim, Soo-Hwan; Walbot, Virginia
BACKGROUND: A maize array was fabricated with 5,376 unique expressed sequence tag (EST) clones sequenced from 4-day-old roots, immature ears and adult organ cDNA libraries. To elucidate organ relationships, relative mRNA levels were quantified by hybridization with embryos, three maize vegetative organs (leaf blades, leaf sheaths and roots) from multiple developmental stages, husk leaves and two types of floral organs (immature ears and silks). RESULTS: Clustering analyses of the hybridization data suggest that maize utilizes both the PEPCK and NADP-ME C(4) photosynthetic routes as genes in these pathways are co-regulated. Husk RNA has a gene-expression profile more similar to floral organs than to vegetative leaves. Only 7% of the genes were highly organ specific, showing over a fourfold difference in at least one of 12 comparisons and 37% showed a two- to fourfold difference. The majority of genes were expressed in diverse organs with little difference in transcript levels. Cross-hybridization among closely related genes within multigene families could obscure tissue specificity. As a first step in elucidating individual gene-expression patterns, we show that 45-nucleotide oligo probes produce signal intensities and signal ratios comparable to PCR probes on the same matrix. CONCLUSIONS: Gene-expression profile studies with cDNA microarrays provide a new molecular tool for defining plant organs and their relationships and for discovering new biological processes in silico. cDNA microarrays are insufficient for differentiating recently duplicated genes. Gene-specific oligo probes printed along with cDNA probes can query individual gene-expression profiles and gene families simultaneously
PMCID:126870
PMID: 12225584
ISSN: 1474-7596
CID: 96015

Comparison of RNA expression profiles based on maize expressed sequence tag frequency analysis and micro-array hybridization

Fernandes, John; Brendel, Volker; Gai, Xiaowu; Lal, Shailesh; Chandler, Vicki L; Elumalai, Rangasamy P; Galbraith, David W; Pierson, Elizabeth A; Walbot, Virginia
Assembly of 73,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) representing multiple organs and developmental stages of maize (Zea mays) identified approximately 22,000 tentative unique genes (TUGs) at the criterion of 95% identity. Based on sequence similarity, overlap between any two of nine libraries with more than 3,000 ESTs ranged from 4% to 20% of the constituent TUGs. The most abundant ESTs were recovered from only one or a minority of the libraries, and only 26 EST contigs had members from all nine EST sets (presumably representing ubiquitously expressed genes). For several examples, ESTs for different members of gene families were detected in distinct organs. To study this further, two types of micro-array slides were fabricated, one containing 5,534 ESTs from 10- to 14-d-old endosperm, and the other 4,844 ESTs from immature ear, estimated to represent about 2,800 and 2,500 unique genes, respectively. Each array type was hybridized with fluorescent cDNA targets prepared from endosperm and immature ear poly(A(+)) RNA. Although the 10- to 14-d-old postpollination endosperm TUGs showed only 12% overlap with immature ear TUGs, endosperm target hybridized with 94% of the ear TUGs, and ear target hybridized with 57% of the endosperm TUGs. Incomplete EST sampling of low-abundance transcripts contributes to an underestimate of shared gene expression profiles. Reassembly of ESTs at the criterion of 90% identity suggests how cross hybridization among gene family members can overestimate the overlap in genes expressed in micro-array hybridization experiments
PMCID:152203
PMID: 11891246
ISSN: 0032-0889
CID: 96016

Bioavailability of residues of diazepam and its metabolites

Bastos, M L; Carvalho, F; Soares, M E; Fernandes, J; Ferreira, M
The present study was performed to determine the metabolic fate of the residues of diazepam and its metabolites in an in vivo model and using two different animal species, guinea pigs and rats, successively. Guinea pigs were orally dosed with diazepam at 100 mg/kg bw and 10 mg/kg bw. After 2 h the animals were sacrificed and their livers were removed. Rats were fed these livers and sacrificed 8 h later after having ingested the portion given. Blood, kidney, and liver of rats were collected to quantify drug residues. Oxazepam and demethyldiazepam were identified by HPLC-UV in liver and kidney rat extracts and also in some blood samples. Temazepam was only found in liver from rats that had eaten guinea pig liver dosed at the highest level. The identity of demethyldiazepam was confirmed in rat liver extracts by GC-MS. This study demonstrates the bioavailability of diazepam metabolites in a second animal (rat simulating a consumer) following a diazepam administration to a first animal (guinea pigs simulating a target animal). Residue concentrations were reduced from 9.7 and 243 micrograms in consumed guinea pig liver to 3.75 and 455 ng/g in rat liver for parent drug and oxazepam, the lowest and highest residues found, respectively.
PMID: 8166961
ISSN: 0006-6648
CID: 178018

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery. Use of thallium perfusion scans in the evaluation of successful revascularization [Case Report]

Fernandes J; Rutkowski M; Sanger JJ
Thallium imaging was performed on a 2-month-old infant with a left coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery. Imaging was performed before and after corrective surgery, which involved creating a new left coronary osteum from the ascending aorta. The radionuclide study documented successful revascularization postoperatively
PMID: 1611786
ISSN: 0363-9762
CID: 13661

Late outcome after successful balloon dilatation of Blalock-Taussig variant shunt stenosis [Case Report]

Fernandes J; Kan JS
PMID: 1828325
ISSN: 0002-9149
CID: 13996

DOPPLER EVALUATION OF THE NEONATAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PERIPHERAL PULMONIC STENOSIS MURMUR [Meeting Abstract]

FRIEDMAN, DM; FERNANDES, J; RUTKOWSKI, M; DANILOWICZ, D
ISI:A1991FE03800093
ISSN: 0031-3998
CID: 51658