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A modified Delphi consensus statement on patellar instability: part II

Hurley, Eoghan T; Sherman, Seth L; Chahla, Jorge; Gursoy, Safa; Alaia, Michael J; Tanaka, Miho J; Pace, J L; Jazrawi, Laith M; ,; Hughes, Andrew J; Arendt, Elizabeth A; Ayeni, Olufemi R; Bassett, Ashley J; Bonner, Kevin F; Camp, Christopher L; Campbell, Kirk A; Carter, Cordelia W; Ciccotti, Michael G; Cosgarea, Andrew J; Dejour, David; Edgar, Cory M; Erickson, Brandon J; Espregueira-Mendes, João; Farr, Jack; Farrow, Lutul D; Frank, Rachel M; Freedman, Kevin B; Fulkerson, John P; Getgood, Alan; Gomoll, Andreas H; Grant, John A; Gwathmey, F W; Haddad, Fares S; Hiemstra, Laurie A; Hinckel, Betina B; Savage-Elliott, Ian; Koh, Jason L; Krych, Aaron J; LaPrade, Robert F; Li, Zachary I; Logan, Catherine A; Gonzalez-Lomas, Guillem; Mannino, Brian J; Lind, Martin; Matache, Bogdan A; Matzkin, Elizabeth; Mandelbaum, Bert; McCarthy, Thomas F; Mulcahey, Mary; Musahl, Volker; Neyret, Philippe; Nuelle, Clayton W; Oussedik, Sam; Verdonk, Peter; Rodeo, Scott A; Rowan, Fiachra E; Salzler, Matthew J; Schottel, Patrick C; Shannon, Fintan J; Sheean, Andrew J; Strickland, Sabrina M; Waterman, Brian R; Wittstein, Jocelyn R; Zacchilli, Michael; Zaffagnini, Stefano
AIMS/UNASSIGNED:The aim of this study was to establish consensus statements on medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction, anteromedialization tibial tubercle osteotomy, trochleoplasty, and rehabilitation and return to sporting activity in patients with patellar instability, using the modified Delphi process. METHODS/UNASSIGNED:This was the second part of a study dealing with these aspects of management in these patients. As in part I, a total of 60 surgeons from 11 countries contributed to the development of consensus statements based on their expertise in this area. They were assigned to one of seven working groups defined by subtopics of interest. Consensus was defined as achieving between 80% and 89% agreement, strong consensus was defined as between 90% and 99% agreement, and 100% agreement was considered unanimous. RESULTS/UNASSIGNED:Of 41 questions and statements on patellar instability, none achieved unanimous consensus, 19 achieved strong consensus, 15 achieved consensus, and seven did not achieve consensus. CONCLUSION/UNASSIGNED:Most statements reached some degree of consensus, without any achieving unanimous consensus. There was no consensus on the use of anchors in MPFL reconstruction, and the order of fixation of the graft (patella first versus femur first). There was also no consensus on the indications for trochleoplasty or its effect on the viability of the cartilage after elevation of the osteochondral flap. There was also no consensus on postoperative immobilization or weightbearing, or whether paediatric patients should avoid an early return to sport.
PMID: 38035602
ISSN: 2049-4408
CID: 5590422

A modified Delphi consensus statement on patellar instability: part I

Hurley, Eoghan T; Hughes, Andrew J; Savage-Elliott, Ian; Dejour, David; Campbell, Kirk A; Mulcahey, Mary K; Wittstein, Jocelyn R; Jazrawi, Laith M; ,; Alaia, Michael J; Arendt, Elizabeth A; Ayeni, Olufemi R; Bassett, Ashley J; Bonner, Kevin F; Camp, Christopher L; Carter, Cordelia W; Chahla, Jorge; Ciccotti, Michael G; Cosgarea, Andrew J; Edgar, Cory M; Erickson, Brandon J; Espregueira-Mendes, João; Farr, Jack; Farrow, Lutul D; Frank, Rachel M; Freedman, Kevin B; Fulkerson, John P; Getgood, Alan; Gomoll, Andreas H; Grant, John A; Gursoy, Safa; Gwathmey, F W; Haddad, Fares S; Hiemstra, Laurie A; Hinckel, Betina B; Koh, Jason L; Krych, Aaron J; LaPrade, Robert F; Li, Zachary I; Logan, Catherine A; Gonzalez-Lomas, Guillem; Mannino, Brian J; Lind, Martin; Matache, Bogdan A; Matzkin, Elizabeth; McCarthy, Thomas F; Mandelbaum, Bert; Musahl, Volker; Neyret, Philippe; Nuelle, Clayton W; Oussedik, Sam; Pace, J L; Verdonk, Peter; Rodeo, Scott A; Rowan, Fiachra E; Salzler, Matthew J; Schottel, Patrick C; Shannon, Fintan J; Sheean, Andrew J; Sherman, Seth L; Strickland, Sabrina M; Tanaka, Miho J; Waterman, Brian R; Zacchilli, Michael; Zaffagnini, Stefano
AIMS/UNASSIGNED:The aim of this study was to establish consensus statements on the diagnosis, nonoperative management, and indications, if any, for medial patellofemoral complex (MPFC) repair in patients with patellar instability, using the modified Delphi approach. METHODS/UNASSIGNED:A total of 60 surgeons from 11 countries were invited to develop consensus statements based on their expertise in this area. They were assigned to one of seven working groups defined by subtopics of interest within patellar instability. Consensus was defined as achieving between 80% and 89% agreement, strong consensus was defined as between 90% and 99% agreement, and 100% agreement was considered to be unanimous. RESULTS/UNASSIGNED:Of 27 questions and statements on patellar instability, three achieved unanimous consensus, 14 achieved strong consensus, five achieved consensus, and five did not achieve consensus. CONCLUSION/UNASSIGNED:The statements that reached unanimous consensus were that an assessment of physeal status is critical for paediatric patients with patellar instability. There was also unanimous consensus on early mobilization and resistance training following nonoperative management once there is no apprehension. The statements that did not achieve consensus were on the importance of immobilization of the knee, the use of orthobiologics in nonoperative management, the indications for MPFC repair, and whether a vastus medialis oblique advancement should be performed.
PMID: 38037678
ISSN: 2049-4408
CID: 5590442

The Fifty Most Cited Publications on Concentrated Bone Marrow Aspirate With Application in Orthopedic Surgery

Oeding, Jacob F; Hernandez, Hunter C; Bi, Andrew; Kennedy, John G; Jazrawi, Laith M; Strauss, Eric J; Campbell, Kirk C
BACKGROUND:Concentrated bone marrow aspirate (cBMA) has garnered widespread and increasing attention in recent years. We aimed to characterize the most influential articles in cBMA research while clarifying controversies surrounding its use and clinical efficacy and identifying important areas on which to focus future research efforts. METHODS:The Science Citation Index Expanded subsection of the Web of Science Core Collection was systematically searched to identify the top 50 most cited publications on orthopedic cBMA research. Publication and study characteristics were extracted, and Spearman correlations were calculated to assess the relationship between citation data and level of evidence. RESULTS:The top 50 articles were published between the years 1996 and 2018, with 58% published in the year 2010 or later. Of the 29 studies for which level of evidence was assessed, the majority were Level IV (24, 83%). Twenty-one articles (42%) were classified as basic science or translational (9 cell culture, 8 animal study, and 4 using human blood samples). Application to treat cartilage defects was the most common focus of studies (17 studies, 34%), followed by analysis of cBMA composition (14 studies, 28%). No correlation was found between rank, citation rate, or year of publication and level of evidence. CONCLUSIONS:The most influential articles on cBMA are recent and consist of a majority low-level of evidence studies. Cohort studies were the most common study type among the top 50 most cited articles, while basic science articles were relatively less common. These results suggest a rapidly evolving field with the potential to better explain inconsistent clinical results with improved understanding and documentation of basic science concepts in addition to large-scale, prospective clinical trials. Orthobiologics and especially cBMA holds great promise for the future, and higher-level clinical trials will help better define the best clinical uses for this treatment.
PMID: 36122693
ISSN: 1938-2480
CID: 5335312

Force plate jump testing metrics are predictive of performance on a multimodal return to sport testing protocol among anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patients at minimum six-month follow-up

Shankar, Dhruv S; Milton, Heather A; Mojica, Edward S; Buzin, Scott; Strauss, Eric J; Campbell, Kirk A; Alaia, Michael J; Gonzalez-Lomas, Guillem; Jazrawi, Laith M
BACKGROUND:Force plate-based jump testing may serve as a potential alternative to traditional return to sport (RTS) testing batteries. The purpose of our study was to identify force plate jump metrics that were predictive of RTS test findings in patients who were at least six months postoperative following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). METHODS:We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients who underwent ACLR at our center and were at least six months postoperative. Subjects completed a multimodal Institutional RTS (IRTS) testing battery which included range of motion (ROM) testing and isokinetic quadriceps strength testing. Subjects also completed a countermovement jump testing protocol on a commercially-available force plate. Jump metrics predictive of IRTS test findings were identified using multivariable linear and logistic regression with stepwise selection. Model significance was assessed at α=0.002. RESULTS:Sixteen patients (7M, 9F) were enrolled in our study with median age of 29 years (range 20-47). Relative concentric impulse was positively predictive of knee flexion active ROM (β=7.07, P=0.01) and passive ROM (β=9.79, P=0.003). Maximum power was positively predictive of quadriceps strength at 60 deg/s (β=3.27, P<0.001) and 180 deg/s (β=2.46, P<0.001). Center-of-pressure (COP) shift acceleration along the force plate X-axis was negatively predictive of Bunkie lateral test score (β=-945, P<0.001) and medial test score (β=-839, P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS:Force plate-derived vertical jump testing metrics are predictive of certain components of a multimodal RTS physical assessment for ACLR patients, including knee flexion ROM, quadriceps strength on isokinetic testing, and Bunkie Test performance.
PMID: 37526491
ISSN: 1827-1928
CID: 5613982

The Minimal Clinically Important Difference: Response [Comment]

Bloom, David A; Kaplan, Daniel J; Mojica, Edward; Strauss, Eric J; Gonzalez-Lomas, Guillem; Campbell, Kirk A; Alaia, Michael J; Jazrawi, Laith M
PMID: 37917815
ISSN: 1552-3365
CID: 5606652

Patient-reported allergies are associated with increased rate of postoperative stiffness after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair

Morgan, Allison M; Li, Zachary I; Garra, Sharif; Bi, Andrew S; Gonzalez-Lomas, Guillem; Jazrawi, Laith M; Campbell, Kirk A
BACKGROUND:Several risk factors have been identified for the development of postoperative shoulder stiffness, and there has been increasing interest in orthopedic literature regarding patient-reported allergy (PRA) as an identifiable risk factor for adverse outcomes. The purpose of this study is to determine whether PRAs are associated with subsequent rates of diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis (AC) or return to the operating room for postoperative shoulder stiffness within 2 years after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). METHODS:Current Procedural Terminology surgical billing codes were used to retrospectively identify patients who underwent ARCR at a single urban academic institution from January 2012 to December 2020 with minimum 2-year follow-up. Lysis of adhesions (LOA), manipulation under anesthesia (MUA), and AC of the shoulder were further queried within 2 years postoperatively for the ipsilateral shoulder. Patients were excluded if they had undergone ipsilateral MUA/LOA or received a diagnosis of AC before the index procedure. Demographic characteristics and medical comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypothyroidism) were extracted from electronic medical records. Baseline characteristics were compared between patients with and without PRAs. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association of the presence of PRAs overall, as well as the presence of 1, 2, or 3 or more PRAs, with subsequent MUA/LOA or diagnosis of AC within 2 years postoperatively. RESULTS:Of 7057 patients identified in the study period, 6583 were eligible for the final analysis. The mean age was 56.6 ± 11.7 years, and the mean body mass index was 29.1 ± 5.6. Overall, 19.3% of patients (n = 1271) reported at least 1 allergy, and 7.1% (n = 469) had >1 PRA. A total of 44 patients (0.7%) underwent subsequent ipsilateral MUA/LOA within 2 years postoperatively, whereas 93 patients (1.4%) received a diagnosis of ipsilateral AC in the same time frame. PRAs were significantly associated with subsequent diagnosis of AC (odds ratio [OR]: 2.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.45-3.92; P < .001), but not MUA/LOA (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.26-3.61; P = .133). Patients with 2 PRAs had greater odds of being diagnosed with AC than patients with 1 PRA (OR: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.14-5.99; P = .012). Although this association was nonsignificant for MUA/LOA, patients with 2 PRAs (OR: 2.67; 95% CI: 0.96-8.80; P = .059) demonstrated a similar statistical trend. CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:PRAs are associated with increased odds of receiving a diagnosis of AC within 2 years after ARCR but were not found to be associated with return to the operating room for postoperative stiffness.
PMID: 37839628
ISSN: 1532-6500
CID: 5620412

Kinesiophobia and Pain Catastrophizing Leads to Decreased Return to Sport Following Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation but Does Not Affect Return to Work

Triana, Jairo; Rao, Naina; Buldo-Licciardi, Michael; Lott, Ariana; Rynecki, Nicole D; Eskenazi, Jordan; Alaia, Michael J; Jazrawi, Laith M; Strauss, Eric J; Campbell, Kirk A
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of fear of reinjury on return to sport (RTS), return to work (RTW), and clinical outcomes following autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI). DESIGN/METHODS:A retrospective review of patients who underwent ACI with a minimum of 2 years in clinical follow-up was conducted. Patient-reported outcomes collected included the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Kinesiophobia and pain catastrophizing was assessed using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11 (TSK-11) and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), respectively. Patients were surveyed on their RTS and RTW status. RESULTS:= 0.003). CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:Fear of reinjury decreases the likelihood that patients will return to sport after ACI. Patients that do not return to sport report significantly greater levels of fear of reinjury and pain catastrophizing and lower clinical knee outcomes. Nearly all patients were able to return to work after surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE/METHODS:IV case series.
PMID: 37815311
ISSN: 1947-6043
CID: 5604942

Patients who undergo bilateral medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction return to sport at a similar rate as those that undergo unilateral reconstruction

Li, Zachary I; Triana, Jairo; Lott, Ariana; Rao, Naina; Jazrawi, Taylor; Montgomery, Samuel R; Buldo-Licciardi, Michael; Alaia, Michael J; Strauss, Eric J; Jazrawi, Laith M; Campbell, Kirk A
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE:Lateral patellar instability is a debilitating condition not only to athletes, but also to a wide range of highly active individuals. Many of these patients experience symptoms bilaterally, though it is unknown how these patients fair with return to sports following a second medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the rate of return to sport following bilateral MPFLR compared to a unilateral comparison group. METHODS:Patients who underwent primary MPFLR with minimum 2-year follow-up were identified from 2014 to 2020 at an academic center. Those who underwent primary MPFLR of bilateral knees were identified. Pre-injury sport participation and Tegner score, Kujala score, Visual Analog Score (VAS) for pain, satisfaction, and MPFL-Return to Sport after Injury (MPFL-RSI) scale were collected. Bilateral and unilateral MPFLRs were matched in a 1:2 ratio based on age, sex, body mass index, and concomitant tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO). A sub-analysis was performed regarding concomitant TTO. RESULTS:The final cohort consisted of 63 patients, including 21 patients who underwent bilateral MPFLR, matched to 42 unilateral patients at mean follow-up of 47 ± 27 months. Patients who underwent bilateral MPFLR returned to sport at a rate of 62% at a mean of 6.0 ± 2.3 months, compared to a unilateral rate of 72% at 8.1 ± 4.2 months (n.s.). The rate of return to pre-injury level was 43% among bilateral patients and 38% in the unilateral cohort. There were no significant differences in VAS pain, Kujala, current Tegner, satisfaction, and MPFL-RSI scores between cohorts. Approximately half of those (47%) who failed to return to sport cited psychological factors and had significantly lower MPFL-RSI scores (36.6 vs 74.2, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:Patients who underwent bilateral MPFLR returned to sports at a similar rate and level compared to a unilateral comparison group. MPFL-RSI was found to be significantly associated with return to sport. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE/METHODS:III.
PMID: 37219546
ISSN: 1433-7347
CID: 5508312

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Have No Significant Relationship With Postoperative Arthrofibrosis After Shoulder Arthroscopy

Bi, Andrew S; Li, Zachary I; Triana, Jairo; Fisher, Nina D; Morgan, Allison M; Garra, Sharif; Gonzalez-Lomas, Guillem; Campbell, Kirk A; Jazrawi, Laith M
PURPOSE/UNASSIGNED:To determine the effect of perioperative angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) on postoperative arthrofibrosis, as defined by requiring manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) or new diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis (AC) following arthroscopic shoulder procedures. METHODS/UNASSIGNED:Patients were retrospectively identified using Current Procedural Terminology surgical billing codes to identify patients who underwent any shoulder arthroscopic procedure at a single urban academic institution from 2012 to 2020 with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Patients were excluded if <30 years old at time of surgery, as these patients rarely use ARB and ACEi medications, or if they had pre-existing AC. Demographics, active medication prescriptions at the time of surgery, and medical comorbidities were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the effect of ARB/ACEi on subsequent MUA or AC by 90 days, 1 year, and 2 years. RESULTS/UNASSIGNED:> .05). CONCLUSIONS/UNASSIGNED:ARBs or ACEi did not significantly affect the rate of postoperative arthrofibrosis following shoulder arthroscopy, however female sex, diabetes mellitus, and Black/African American race were associated with an increased rate of necessitating MUA or developing AC within 2 years postoperatively. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE/UNASSIGNED:Level III, retrospective cohort study.
PMCID:10461208
PMID: 37645401
ISSN: 2666-061x
CID: 5618302

No difference in clinical outcomes between operative and nonoperative management of minimally retracted proximal hamstring ruptures

Kanakamedala, Ajay C; Rynecki, Nicole D; Mojica, Edward S; Markus, Danielle H; Song, Melissa Y; Gonzalez-Lomas, Guillem; Strauss, Eric J; Youm, Thomas; Jazrawi, Laith M
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE:The indications for surgical treatment of proximal hamstring ruptures are continuing to be refined. The purpose of this study was to compare patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between patients who underwent operative or nonoperative management of proximal hamstring ruptures. METHODS:A retrospective review of the electronic medical record identified all patients who were treated for a proximal hamstring rupture at our institution from 2013 to 2020. Patients were stratified into two groups, nonoperative or operative management, which were matched in a 2:1 ratio based on demographics (age, gender, and body mass index), chronicity of the injury, tendon retraction, and number of tendons torn. All patients completed a series of PROs including the Perth Hamstring Assessment Tool (PHAT), Visual Analogue Scale for pain (VAS), and the Tegner Activity Scale. Statistical analysis was performed using multi-variable linear regression and Mann-Whitney testing to compare nonparametric groups. RESULTS:Fifty-four patients (mean age = 49.6 ± 12.9 years; median: 49.1; range: 19-73) with proximal hamstring ruptures treated nonoperatively were successfully matched 2:1 to 27 patients who had underwent primary surgical repair. There were no differences in PROs between the nonoperative and operative cohorts (n.s.). Chronicity of the injury and older age correlated with significantly worse PROs across the entire cohort (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:In this cohort of primarily middle-aged patients with proximal hamstring ruptures with less than three centimeters of tendon retraction, there was no difference in patient-reported outcome scores between matched cohorts of operatively and nonoperatively managed injuries. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE/METHODS:Level III.
PMID: 37022392
ISSN: 1433-7347
CID: 5540812