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Topotecan 21-day continuous infusion: excellent tolerance of a novel schedule [Meeting Abstract]

Hochster H; Speyer J; Oratz R; Meyers M; Wemz J; Chachoua A; Raphael B; Lee R; Sorich J; Taubes B; et al
Topotecan (TPT), a semi-synthetic, water soluble analog of camptothecin (CPT), acts by topoisomerase-1 inhibition. Previous studies with CPT analogs in human xenograft-bearing mice show that prolonged depot administration at nontoxic doses were curative (Giovanella et al, Science, 246:1046, 1989). We treated 33 patients (pts) (16 F, 17 M) with prolonged continuous infusion using ambulatory CADD pumps delivering 7 cc/day (d) with cassette changes every 3 d. Cohorts of 4-6 pts began at a dose of 0.2 mg/m2/day x 7 days with escalation to 10, 14, 17, and 21 days q 28 d. Further escalations were 0.3, 0.4, and 0.53 mg/m2/d x 21 d q 28 d. Disease sites included colon ca (13), NSCLC (4), sarcoma (3), gastric (3), ovarian (3), pancreatic (2); H and N, breast, renal, melanoma, anal (each 1). Median age was 63 (range 29 -79) yr; PS 1 (0-2); prior chemo = 33 (med 2 regimens); prior RT=10. A total of 72 cycles (med 2, range 1-6) were given for a total of 1090 pt-days of infusion. One infectious complication was seen (Mediport-pocket), 4 pts required transfusion; one pt with 3 prior chemo regimens and pelvic RT developed gr 4 leukopenia and thrombocytopenia at the 0.4 mg/m2 x 21 d level. No other hematologic toxicity has been observed. Nonhematologic toxicity included fatigue only. Steady state plasma conc for the active lactone form of TPT at 0.4 mg/m2/d was 1.4 +/- 0.29 ng/ml (N=3) and 4.4 +/- 0.99 (N=3) at the 0.53 level. Best responses were 1 PR (NSCLC), 1 mixed response (breast), 11 stable, 15 progression and 5 too early. TPT administration by this schedule is feasible and safe; we continue to accrue. Dose-limiting heme toxicity has not yet been reached, yet dose intensity (2.8 mg/m2/wk) exceeds that achieved using the recommended Phase II 1.5 mg/m2/d x5 schedule (1.9 mg/m2/wk). Once an MTD is reached, Phase III trials comparing this schedule to the daily x5 bolus schedule will be warranted. (C) American Society of Clinical Oncology 1997
ORIGINAL:0014197
ISSN: 0736-7589
CID: 6015

Pharmacokinetics of the cardioprotector ADR-529 (ICRF-187) in escalating doses combined with fixed-dose doxorubicin

Hochster H; Liebes L; Wadler S; Oratz R; Wernz JC; Meyers M; Green M; Blum RH; Speyer JL
BACKGROUND: Although doxorubicin is an anticancer agent with a wide spectrum of activity, therapy with this anthracycline must often be discontinued at a time of benefit to the patient because of the drug's cumulative cardiotoxicity. ICRF-187 (ADR-529, dexrazoxane) is a bisdioxopiperazine compound that protects against cardiac toxicity induced by doxorubicin. PURPOSE: Our objectives in this study were to determine the maximum tolerated dose of ADR-529 (which uses a different vehicle than ICRF-187) when given with a fixed doxorubicin dose and to determine whether ADR-529 alters doxorubicin pharmacokinetics. METHODS: Twenty-five patients were treated with doxorubicin (60 mg/m2) preceded by administration of ADR-529 in escalating dosages (i.e., 60, 300, 600, 750, and 900 mg/m2) to groups of three to nine patients. ADR-529 was administered over a 15-minute period beginning 30 minutes before doxorubicin treatment; the protocol was repeated every 3 weeks. Blood was sampled frequently for drug levels, which were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence (doxorubicin) and electrochemical detection (ADR-529). RESULTS: Dose-limiting neutropenia occurred in four of six previously treated patients at an ADR-529 dose of 600 mg/m2; the dose ratio of ADR-529 to doxorubicin was 10:1. For three additional patients with better Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and a maximum of one prior chemotherapy regimen, 600 mg/m2 was tolerated, but grade 3 or 4 neutropenia occurred in four of six patients who received an ADR-529 dose of 900 mg/m2 and in three of four patients at a dose of 750 mg/m2. Doxorubicin's estimated terminal half-life was 39.5 +/- 18.3 (mean +/- SD) hours; the area under the curve for plasma concentration of drug x time (AUC) was 1.74 +/- 0.40 (micrograms/microL) x hour. Total-body clearance was 598 +/- 142 microL/m2 per minute (N = 20), and it did not vary with ADR-529 dose. Estimated distribution and elimination phase half-lives for plasma ADR-529 were 0.46 +/- 0.30 hours and 4.16 +/- 2.94 hours, respectively. Total-body clearance was 111 +/- 87 microL/m2 per minute (N = 18); AUC was linear (r2 = .92), and the clearance rate was constant (r2 = .18) from 60 to 900 mg/m2. CONCLUSIONS: Myelotoxicity was dose limiting for ADR-529 at 600-750 mg/m2 when given with a fixed dose of doxorubicin at 60 mg/m2 (dose ratios of ADR-529 to doxorubicin ranged from 10:1 to 12.5:1). When used in combination, ADR-529 did not perturb doxorubicin's distribution, metabolism, or excretion; therefore, other mechanisms of cardioprotection must be involved. IMPLICATIONS: We recommend that an ADR-529 dose of 600 mg/m2 be given with single-agent doxorubicin at a dose of 60 mg/m2 in future studies
PMID: 1433357
ISSN: 0027-8874
CID: 57431

ICRF-187 permits longer treatment with doxorubicin in women with breast cancer [published erratum appears in J Clin Oncol 1992 May;10(5):867]

Speyer JL; Green MD; Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A; Wernz JC; Rey M; Sanger J; Kramer E; Ferrans V; Hochster H; Meyers M; et al
PURPOSE: To test potential protection by ICRF-187 against cumulative doxorubicin-dose-related cardiac toxicity, we conducted a randomized clinical trial in 150 women with advanced breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients received fluorouracil (5FU) 500 mg/m2, doxorubicin 50 mg/m2, and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 every 21 days intravenously (IV) (control regimen, 74 patients), or the same regimen preceded by ICRF-187 1,000 mg/m2 IV (experimental regimen, 76 patients). RESULTS: We previously reported that ICRF-187 in this dose and schedule provides cardiac protection and does not substantially alter the noncardiac toxicity or antitumor efficacy of the control regimen. In this updated analysis of the entire patient cohort, we provide additional support for these findings and demonstrate that patients in the ICRF-187 group received more cycles (median, 11) and higher cumulative doses (median, 500 mg/m2) of doxorubicin than patients in the control group (median, nine cycles, P less than .01; and 441 mg/m2, P less than .05). Twenty-six patients in the ICRF-187 group received doxorubicin doses of at least 700 mg/m2, and among them, 11 patients received 1,000 mg/m2 or more. Only three patients in the control group received doxorubicin doses of 700 mg/m2; the maximum dose administered to one patient in this group was 950 mg/m2. ICRF-187 cardiac protection was demonstrated by difference in incidence of clinical congestive heart failure (CHF; two patients in the ICRF-187 group v 20 in the control group; P less than .0001) and by differences in resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) determined by multigated radionuclide (MUGA) scan from baselines and that required patient removal from study (five patients in the ICRF-187 group had a decrease in LVEF to less than 0.45 or a decrease from the baseline LVEF of 0.20 or more v 32 in the control group; P less than .000001). Among the 30 patients who had an assessable endomyocardial biopsy at cumulative doxorubicin 450 mg/m2, none of 16 in the ICRF-187 group and six of 14 in the control group had a score of 2 (P less than .05). ICRF-187 cardiac protection was observed in patients with and without prior chest-wall radiation or other risk factors for developing doxorubicin cardiac toxicity. CONCLUSION: By protecting against cumulative doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity, ICRF-187 permits significantly greater doses of doxorubicin to be administered to patients with greater safety
PMID: 1727913
ISSN: 0732-183x
CID: 13730

A prospective randomized trial of ICRF-187 for prevention of cumulative doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity in women with breast cancer

Speyer JL; Green MD; Sanger J; Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A; Kramer E; Rey M; Wernz JC; Blum RH; Hochester H; Meyers M; et al
PMID: 2125531
ISSN: 0305-7372
CID: 15688

Antimelanoma monoclonal antibody-ricin A chain immunoconjugate (XMMME-001-RTA) plus cyclophosphamide in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma: results of a phase II trial

Oratz R; Speyer JL; Wernz JC; Hochster H; Meyers M; Mischak R; Spitler LE
Prior studies with the XMMME-001-RTA immunoconjugate composed of an antimelanoma monoclonal antibody and ricin A chain demonstrated some antitumor activity. However, almost all patients studied developed human antimurine antibodies and antiricin antibodies. In an effort to abrogate these host anti-immunotoxin immune responses and thus enhance antitumor activity, we treated 20 patients with the immunoconjugate plus a single dose of intravenous cyclophosphamide. An overall response rate of 20% was observed-predominantly in pulmonary and soft tissue nodules. There was no diminution in antibody responses against either the murine antibody or the ricin moiety. Further studies to elucidate the role of cyclophosphamide in monoclonal antibody therapy are planned
PMID: 2395000
ISSN: 0732-6580
CID: 15689

Phase I study of the combination of alpha-2 interferon and cisplatinum

Walsh C; Speyer JL; Wernz J; Hochster H; Grossberg H; Chachoua A; Molinaro P; Meyers M; Blum RH
Based on preclinical evidence of synergy, we performed a Phase I study of the combination of alpha-2 interferon and cisplatinum in patients with advanced malignancy. A fixed dose of 5 x 10(6) U/m2 alpha interferon was given three times weekly. Cisplatinum was given once weekly at dose levels of 5, 10, 20, 25, and 30 mg/m2. Dose-limiting toxicity consisted of flu-like symptoms and malaise leading to decreased performance status. Response was seen in a patient with metastatic melanoma. Recommended doses for Phase II study are 5 x 10(6) U/m2 of alpha-2 interferon three times weekly and 25 mg/m2 of cisplatinum once weekly
PMID: 2921608
ISSN: 0732-6580
CID: 10721

Phase II study of carboplatin in recurrent ovarian cancer: severe hematologic toxicity in previously treated patients

Colombo N; Speyer JL; Green M; Canetta R; Beller U; Wernz JC; Meyers M; Widman T; Blum RH; Piccart M; et al
Carboplatin (CBDCA) is a second-generation cisplatin analog that has shown activity in early clinical trials. Its spectrum of toxicity is quantitatively and qualitatively different from that of the parent compound. Between November 1984 and September 1986 we conducted a phase II trial of CBDCA in 46 women with epithelial ovarian cancer. All patients had undergone at least one prior chemotherapy regimen; 41 (89%) had previously received cisplatin (mean cumulative dose, 540 mg/m2). The CBDCA dose was based on renal function and was injected i.v. once every 4 weeks. Patients were stratified on the basis of baseline creatinine clearance: those with a baseline creatinine clearance of greater than or equal to 60 ml/min received 400 mg/m2 CBDCA; those with a creatinine clearance between 30 and 60 ml/min received an initial dose calculated according to a previously published formula that corrected for renal insufficiency and projected nadir platelet counts of 75,000/mm3. Of 41 evaluable patients, 6 (15%) had an objective response [2 complete responses (CRs); 4 partial responses (PRs)]; 5 of the 6 responders had previously responded to cisplatin treatment. No responses were observed in 12 patients who had not responded to prior cisplatin therapy. Significant hematologic toxicity was seen. Of 18 patients with a creatinine clearance of greater than or equal to 60 ml/min (dose, 400 mg/m2), 6 had nadir platelet counts of less than 25,000/mm3, 4 with symptomatic bleeding. Of the 21 evaluable patients for whom the dose-modification formula was applied, 10 had nadir platelet counts of less than 75,000/mm3; 5 had counts of less than 50,000/mm3. CBDCA has activity even in patients who have previously undergone extensive cisplatin therapy; however, its toxicity is variable and thrombocytopenia is dose-limiting. We did not confirm the ability of the above-mentioned formula to calculate the CBDCA dose and accurately predict the nadir platelet count for all patients. Other factors, such as prior radiotherapy, may also be important in the dosing of CBDCA in pretreated patients
PMID: 2650904
ISSN: 0344-5704
CID: 10796

PHASE-I STUDY OF THE COMBINATION OF ALFA-2 INTERFERON AND CISPLATINUM [Meeting Abstract]

Walsh, CM; Speyer, JL; Wernz, JC; Meyers, MI; Widman, T; Grossberg, HS; Spiegel, RJ; Blum, RH
ISI:A1987G979900919
ISSN: 0197-016x
CID: 31225