Faculty Bibliography

BACKGROUND/UNASSIGNED:A retrospective chart review for the laser treatment of eyeliner and eyebrow tattoos and a discussion of treatment experiences can better inform physicians. METHODS/UNASSIGNED:A retrospective chart review was performed over five years with patients who had eyeliner and/or eyebrow tattoos and had laser removal. RESULTS/UNASSIGNED:Overall, 76 patients were treated. Mean age was 47 years, and 98.7 percent were women. Fitzpatrick Skin Types I-VI were represented. Of all cases, 55.3 percent included eyebrows, 43.4 percent eyelids, and 1.3 percent both. There was a mean of 2.8 treatments. Common colors included black (73.7%), black/red (7.9%), black/orange (5.3%), black/yellow (3.9%), and red (3.9%). Most cases were treated with 755nm picosecond laser or high peak-powered 532nm/1064nm picosecond laser. After initial treatment, 26.3 percent of cases involved unmasking of colors, such as red, orange, yellow, green, and blue, which were not previously visualized. There were no documented adverse events related to scarring, hypotrichosis, necrosis, and burns. CONCLUSION/UNASSIGNED:Laser removal of eyeliner and eyebrow tattoos can be safe and effective. There should be consideration for eye and hair protection, pain control, and pigment unmasking.

BACKGROUND:Perioral rhytides can be treated with laser and energy-based devices. More recently, a novel fractional thermomechanical skin rejuvenation system was developed to cause controlled thermal injury through direct heat transfer. OBJECTIVE:A prospective clinical trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of a thermomechanical fractional injury device (Tixel 2, Novoxel, Netanya, Israel) for perioral rhytides. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Subjects with moderate-to-severe perioral rhytides were enrolled and underwent 4 monthly treatments. RESULTS:Twenty-three subjects were enrolled and completed all study visits. Mean age was 62.5 years, and 100.0% were women. Fitzpatrick Skin Types I-IV were included. For Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Classification System (FWCS), mean baseline score was 6.9. Per investigator, there was a mean 1.9-grade improvement in FWCS at 3-month follow-up ( p < .0001). At 3-month follow-up, 8.7% (n = 2) of subjects had a 3-grade improvement, 69.6% (n = 16) had a 2-grade improvement, and 21.7% (n = 5) had a 1-grade improvement. For physician Global Aesthetics Improvement Scale at 3-month follow-up, 69.6% (n = 16) had 76% to 100% improvement, 13.0% (n = 3) had 51% to 75% improvement, and 17.4% (n = 4) had 26% to 50% improvement. There were no severe adverse events, and subjects experienced minimal pain. CONCLUSION:A novel device using thermomechanical fractional injury was demonstrated to be safe and effective in the treatment of perioral rhytides.

A port-wine stain (PWS) is a vascular birthmark present in 0.3% to 0.5% of newborns. If untreated, this erythematous patch will grow proportionally with the child to thicken and darken with age. PWSs have implications for the child's quality of life for many years, with cosmetic, medical, and psychosocial disability. Controversy exists in many aspects surrounding laser treatment of these birthmarks in the pediatric population. We have reviewed the clinical features as well as the historic and current laser treatment of PWS. We have also examined the current hot topics of debate surrounding the treatment of PWS in the pediatric population. These controversies include the patient age of treatment initiation, the long-term psychologic impact, the use of general anesthesia, the application of eye shields, and alternative treatments for recalcitrant PWS. We have concluded with a discussion on the future directions of management and treatment.

BACKGROUND:An increase in nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in younger patients has been reported. Many are treated with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). OBJECTIVE:Investigate patient and tumor characteristics in patients less than 50 years undergoing MMS for NMSC at a large, referral-based practice. METHODS & MATERIALS/METHODS:Retrospective chart review of 1,332 tumors occurring in 1,018 consecutive patients over a five-year period. RESULTS:81.7% of tumors were BCC and 55.3% occurred in women. Patients less than 30 years were more likely to be female (P equals 0.016) and women were more likely to have BCC (P equals 0.010). SCCs were more likely with increasing age (P less than 0.001). Of all tumors, 3.6% were recurrent, 2.7% had diameters ≥ 2 centimeters, and 5.5% of all BCCs had a high-risk histologic subtype. Women were more than twice as likely as men to be referred to plastic surgery for repair (P equals 0.020). CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:Patients < 50 years with NMSC may represent a growing population referred for MMS, especially young women with BCC. High-risk tumor features were rare among young patients, and female gender was associated with an increased rate of referral for repair by a plastics subspecialty. Study was performed at the Laser & Skin Surgery Center of New York. IRB STATUS/UNASSIGNED:Approved by Essex Institutional Review Board, Protocol #MOHS40-65 <p><em>J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17(5):499-505.</em></p>.

BACKGROUND:Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an FDA approved treatment for actinic keratoses (AK's) although multiple off-label indi- cations are reported. Despite frequent use for AK's, no clear consensus exists regarding protocols for overall treatment parameters. METHODS:Retrospective chart review of 1,491 subjects who underwent PDT between 2007 and 2011 at a high volume laser surgery center. Demographic information, clinical history, treatment data, and subsequent diagnosis of skin cancers were recorded. An ex- ploratory subgroup analysis was performed for patients treated for AK and/or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that developed SCC or remained SCC-free one year after treatment. RESULTS:The most common indications for PDT were actinic keratoses (n=1404, 94.9%) then NMSC (n=45, 3.0%) The most common treatment site was the head and neck (n=1274, 86.1%). Blue light activation (405-420nm) was used more frequently than red light and visible light. (73.8% vs. 22.8% vs. 6.8%). The most commonly used photosensitizer was aminolevulinic acid (ALA) (98.6%, n=1456). Topical application (97.7% n=1437) of photosensitizer was used more frequently than intralesional administration (2.0%, n=29). 580 patients met subgroup analysis criteria. 66 developed SCC at treatment site (11%). Factors associated with developing SCC were older age, SCC history, Fitzpatrick skin-type 1, and sixty-minute or less incubation times (P less than 0.05 for all factors). The SCC subgroup had a unique distribution of treatment sites (P less than.001). No statistically significant differences were observed for gender or wavelength. CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:There are differences in protocols based on indication and location of lesion. Blue light is preferable for superFIcial lesions and red light for deeper lesions. Intralesional delivery is used more commonly for NMSC. Extremities require longer incubation times. PDT may be more effective with younger patients and longer than sixty-minute incubation times. PDT chemoprevention is independent of light source used. <em>J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15(11):1420-1426.</em>.

The cutaneous ulcer in a patient with a history of international travel poses a vexing diagnostic dilemma for the clinician. While Streptococcus and Staphylococcus are common causes of cutaneous ecthyma, the necrotizing ulcer can have a vast differential diagnosis including ulcerating zoonoses.