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54
Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: a baseline analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
Lim, Stephen S; Allen, Kate; Bhutta, Zulficiar A; Dandona, Lalit; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H; Fullman, Nancy; Gething, Peter W; Goldberg, Ellen M; Hay, Simon I; Holmberg, Mollie; Kinfu, Yohannes; Kutz, Michael J; Larson, Heidi J; Liang, Xiaofeng; Lopez, Alan D; Lozano, Rafael; McNellan, Claire R; Mokdad, Ali H; Mooney, Meghan D; Naghavi, Mohsen; Olsen, Helen E; Pigott, David M; Salomon, Joshua A; Vos, Theo; Wang, Haidong; Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abbas, Kaja M; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abdulle, Abdishakur M; Abraham, Biju; Abubakar, Ibrahim; Abu-Raddad, Laith J; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME; Abyu, Gebre Yitayih; Achoki, Tom; Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi; Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi; Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko; Afshin, Ashkan; Agarwal, Arnav; Agrawal, Anurag; Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad; Ahmadieh, Hamid; Ahmed, Kedir Yimam; Akanda, Ali Shafqat; Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola; Akinyemiju, Tomi F; Akseer, Nadia; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Alam, Khurshid; Alam, Uzma; Alasfoor, Deena; AlBuhairan, Fadia S; Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed; Dge, Robert William Aldr; Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw; Ali, Raghib; Alkerwi, Ala'a; Alkhateeb, Mohammad AB; Alla, Francois; Allebeck, Peter; Allen, Christine; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa; Altirkawi, Khalid A; Martin, Elena Alvarez; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amare, Azmeraw T; Amberbir, Alemayehu; Amegah, Adeladza Kofi; Amini, Heresh; Ammar, Walid; Amrock, Stephen Marc; Andersen, Hjalte H; Anderson, Benjamin O; Anderson, Gregory M; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T; Anwari, Palwasha; Arnlov, Johan; Artaman, Al; Asayesh, Hamid; Asghar, Rana Jawad; Atique, Suleman; Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel GArthur; Awasthi, Ashish; Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala; Azzopardi, Peter; Bacha, Umar; Badawi, Alaa; Balakrishnan, Kalpana; Banerjee, Amitava; Barac, Aleksandra; Barber, Ryan; Barker-Collo, Suzanne L; Barnighausen, Till; Barrero, Lope H; Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh; Basu, Sanjay; Bayou, Tigist Assefa; Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad; Beardsley, Justin; Bedi, Neeraj; Beghi, Ettore; Bejot, Yannick; Bell, Michelle L; Bello, Aminu K; Bennett, Derrick A; Bensenor, Isabela M; Benzian, Habib; Berhane, Adugnaw; Bernabe, Eduardo; Bernal, Oscar Alberto; Betsu, Balem Demtsu; Beyene, Addisu Shunu; Bhala, Neeraj; Bhatt, Samir; Biadgilign, Sibhatu; Bienhoff, Kelly A; Bikbov, Boris; Binagwaho, Agnes; Bisanzio, Donal; Bjertness, Espen; Blore, Jed; Bourne, Rupert RA; Brainin, Michael; Brauer, Michael; Brazinova, Alexandra; Breitborde, Nicholas JK; Broday, David M; Brugha, Traolach S; Buchbinder, Rachelle; Butt, Zahid A; Cahill, Leah E; Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo; Campuzano, Julio Cesar; Carabin, Helene; Cardenas, Rosario; Carrero, Juan Jesus; Carter, Austin; Casey, Daniel; Caso, Valeria; Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A; Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo; Catala-Lopez, Ferran; Cavalleri, Fiorella; Cecilio, Pedro; Chang, Hsing-Yi; Chang, Jung-Chen; Charlson, Fiona J; Che, Xuan; Chen, Alan Zian; Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia; Chibalabala, Mirriam; Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe; Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine; Chowdhury, Rajiv; Christensen, Hanne; Ciobanu, Liliana G; Cirillo, Massimo; Coates, Matthew M; Coggeshall, Megan; Cohen, Aaron J; Cooke, Graham S; Cooper, Cyrus; Cooper, Leslie Trumbull; Cowie, Benjamin C; Crump, John A; Damtew, Solomon Abrha; Dandona, Rakhi; Dargan, Paul I; das Neves, Jose; Davis, Adrian C; Davletov, Kairat; de Castro, EFilipa; De Leo, Diego; Degenhardt, Louisa; Del Gobbo, Liana C; Deribe, Kebede; Derrett, Sarah; Jarlais, Don CDes; Deshpande, Aniruddha; deVeber, Gabrielle A; Dey, Subhojit; Dharmaratne, Samath D; Dhillon, Preet K; Ding, Eric L; Dorsey, ERay; Doyle, Kerrie E; Driscoll, Tim R; Duan, Leilei; Dubey, Manisha; Duncan, Bruce Bartholow; Ebrahimi, Hedyeh; Endries, Aman Yesuf; Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich; Erskine, Holly E; Eshrati, Babak; Esteghamati, Alireza; Fahimi, Saman; Farid, Talha A; Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa; Faro, Andre; Farvid, Maryam S; Farzadfar, Farshad; Feigin, Valery L; Felicio, Manuela Mendonca; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Fernandes, Jefferson G; Fernandes, Joao C; Ferrari, Alize J; Fischer, Florian; Fitchett, Joseph RA; Fitzmaurice, Christina; Foigt, Nataliya; Foreman, Kyle; Fowkes, FGerry R; Franca, Elisabeth Barboza; Franklin, Richard C; Fraser, Maya; Friedman, Joseph; Frostad, Joseph; Furst, Thomas; Gabbe, Belinda; Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L; Gebre, Teshome; Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde; Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay; Gebru, Alemseged Aregay; Gessner, Bradford D; Gillum, Richard F; Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed; Giref, Ababi Zergaw; Giroud, Maurice; Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo; Godwin, William; Gona, Philimon; Goodridge, Amador; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Gotay, Carolyn C; Goto, Atsushi; Gouda, Hebe N; Graetz, Nicholas; Greenwell, Karen Fern; Griswold, Max; Guo, Yuming; Gupta, Rahul; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Vipin; Gutierrez, Reyna A; Gyawali, Bishal; Haagsma, Juanita A; Haakenstad, Annie; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Haile, Demewoz; Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa; Halasa, Yara A; Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi; Hamidi, Samer; Hammami, Mouhanad; Hankey, Graeme J; Harb, Hilda L; Haro, Josep Maria; Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh; Havmoeller, Rasmus; Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz; Hoek, Hans W; Horino, Masako; Horita, Nobuyuki; Hosgood, HDean; Hoy, Damian G; Htet, Aung Soe; Hu, Guoqing; Huang, Hsiang; Iburg, Kim Moesgaard; Idrisov, Bulat T; Inoue, Manami; Islami, Farhad; Jacobs, Troy A; Jacobsen, Kathryn H; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B; James, Peter; Jansen, Henrica AFM; Javanbakht, Mehdi; Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra; Jee, Sun Ha; Jeemon, Panniyammakal; Jha, Vivekanand; Jiang, Ying; Jibat, Tariku; Jin, Ye; Jonas, Jost B; Kabir, Zubair; Kalkonde, Yogeshwar; Kamal, Ritul; Kan, Haidong; Kandel, Amit; Karch, Andre; Karema, Corine Kakizi; KarimIchani, Chante; Karunapema, Palitha; Kasaeian, Amir; Kassebaum, Nicholas J; Kaul, Anil; Kawakami, Norito; Kayibanda, Jeanne Francoise; Keiyoro, Peter Njenga; Kemmer, Laura; Kemp, Andrew Haddon; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Keren, Andre; Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khan, Abdur Rahman; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khan, Gulfaraz; Khang, Young-Ho; Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer; Khosravi, Ardeshir; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kieling, Christian; Kim, Cho-il; Kim, Daniel; Kim, Sungroul; Kim, Yun Jin; Kimokoti, Ruth W; Kissoon, Niranjan; Kivipelto, Miia; Knibbs, Luke D; Kokubo, Yoshihiro; Kolte, Dhaval; Kosen, Soewarta; Kotsakis, Georgios A; Koul, Parvaiz A; Koyanagi, Ai; Kravchenko, Michael; Krueger, Hans; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Kuchenbecker, Ricardo S; Kuipers, Ernst J; Kulikoff, Xie Rachel; Kulkarni, Veena S; Kumar, GAnil; Kwan, Gene F; Kyu, Hmwe H; Lal, Aparna; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lam, Hilton; Lan, Qing; Langan, Sinead M; Larsson, Anders; Laryea, Dennis Odai; Latif, Asma Abdul; Leasher, Janet L; Leigh, James; Leinsalu, Mall; Leung, Janni; Leung, Ricky; Levi, Miriam; Li, Yichong; Li, Yongmei; Lind, Margaret; Linn, Shai; Lipshultz, Steven E; Liu, Patrick Y; Liu, Shiwei; Liu, Yang; Lloyd, Belinda K; Lo, Loon-Tzian; Logroscino, Giancarlo; Lotufo, Paulo A; Lucas, Robyn M; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy; Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos; Mandavi, Mandi; Majdan, Marek; Majeed, Azeem; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Mapoma, Chabila C; Margolis, David Joel; Martin, Randall V; Martinez-Raga, Jose; Masiye, Felix; Mason-Jones, Amanda J; Massano, Joao; Matzopoulos, Richard; Mayosi, Bongani M; McGrath, John J; McKee, Martin; Meaney, Peter A; Mehari, Alem; Mekonnen, Alemayehu B; Melaku, Yohannes Adama; Memiah, Peter; Memish, Ziad A; Mendoza, Walter; Mensink, Gert BM; Meretoja, Atte; Meretoja, Tuomo J; Mesfin, Yonatan Moges; Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary; Micha, Renata; Miller, Ted R; Mills, Edward J; Mirarefin, Mojde; Misganaw, Awoke; Mitchell, Philip B; Mock, Charles N; Mohammadi, Alireza; Mohammed, Shafiu; Monasta, Lorenzo; Monis, Jonathan de la Cruz; Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montanez; Montico, Marcella; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Morawska, Lidia; Mori, Rintaro; Mueller, Ulrich O; Murdoch, Michele E; Murimira, Brighton; Murray, Joseph; Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana; Murthy, Srinivas; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Nachega, Jean B; Nagel, Gabriele; Naidoo, Kovin S; Naldi, Luigi; Nangia, Vinay; Neal, Bruce; Nejjari, Chakib; Newton, Charles R; Newton, John N; Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak; Nguhiu, Peter; Nguyen, Grant; Quyen Le Nguyen; Nisar, Muhammad Imran; Pete, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie; Nolte, Sandra; Nomura, Marika; Norheim, Ole F; Norrving, Bo; Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Oh, In-Hwan; Oladimeji, Olanrewaju; Olivares, Pedro R; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun; Opio, John Nelson; Oren, Eyal; Ortiz, Alberto; Osborne, Richard H; Ota, Erika; Owolabi, Mayowa O; Mahesh, PA; Park, Eun-Kee; Park, Hye-Youn; Parry, Charles D; Parsaeian, Mahboubeh; Patel, Tejas; Patel, Vikram; Caicedo, Angel JPaternina; Patil, Snehal T; Patten, Scott B; Patton, George C; Paudel, Deepak; Pedro, Joao Mario; Pereira, David M; Perico, Norberto; Pesudovs, Konrad; Petzold, Max; Phillips, Michael Robert; Piel, Frederic B; Pillay, Julian David; Pinho, Christine; Pishgar, Farhad; Polinder, Suzanne; Poulton, Richie G; Pourmalek, Farshad; Qorbani, Mostafa; Rabiee, Rynaz HS; Radfar, Amir; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Mahfuzar; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Sajjad Ur; Rai, Rajesh Kumar; Rajsic, Sasa; Raju, Murugesan; Ram, Usha; Rana, Saleem M; Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal; Ranganathan, Kavitha; Rao, Puja C; Refaat, Amany H; Reitsma, Marissa B; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Resnikoff, Serge; Ribeiro, Antonio L; Blancas, Maria Jesus Rios; Rolm, Hirbo Shore; Roberts, Bayard; Rodriguez, Mina; Rojas-Rueda, David; Ronfani, Luca; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Roth, Gregory A; Rothenbacher, Dietrich; Roy, Ambuj; Roy, Nobhojit; Sackey, Ben Benasco; Sagar, Rajesh; Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad; Sanabria, Juan R; Santomauro, Damian F; Santos, Itamar S; Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo; Sartorius, Benn; Satpathy, Maheswar; Savic, Miloje; Sawhney, Monika; Sawyer, Susan M; Schmidhuber, Josef; Schmidt, Maria Ines; Schneider, Ione JC; Schutte, Aletta E; Schwebel, David C; Seedat, Soraya; Sepanlou, Sadaf G; Servan-Mori, Edson E; Shackelford, Katya; Shaheen, Amira; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Levy, Teresa Shamah; Sharma, Rajesh; She, Jun; Sheikhbahaei, Sara; Shen, Jiabin; Sheth, Kevin N; Shey, Muki; Shi, Peilin; Shibuya, Kenji; Shigematsu, Mika; Shin, Min-Jeong; Shiri, Rahman; Shishani, Kawkab; Shiue, Ivy; Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora; Silpakit, Naris; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Silverberg, Jonathan I; Simard, Edgar P; Sindi, Shireen; Singh, Abhishek; Singh, Gitanjali M; Singh, Jasvinder A; Singh, Om Prakash; Singh, Prashant Kumar; Skirbekk, Vegard; Sligar, Amber; Soneji, Samir; Soreide, Kjetil; Sorensen, Reed JD; Soriano, Joan B; Soshnikov, Sergey; Sposato, Luciano A; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T; Stahl, Hans-Christian; Stanaway, Jeffrey D; Stathopoulou, Vasiliki; Steckling, Nadine; Steel, Nicholas; Stein, Dan J; Steiner, Caitlyn; Stockl, Heidi; Stranges, Saverio; Strong, Mark; Sun, Jiandong; Sunguya, Bruno F; Sur, Patrick; Swaminathan, Soumya; Sykes, Bryan L; Szoeke, Cassandra EI; Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael; Tabb, Karen M; Talongwa, Roberto Tchio; Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul; Tavakkoli, Mohammad; Taye, Bineyam; Taylor, Hugh R; Tedla, Bemnet Amare; Tefera, Worku; Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw; Tekle, Dejen Yemane; Shifa, Girma Temam; Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman; Tessema, Gizachew Assefa; Thakur, JS; Thomson, Alan J; Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L; Thrift, Amanda G; Thurston, George D; Tillmann, Taavi; Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan; Tonelli, Marcelo; Topor-Madry, Roman; Topouzis, Fotis; Tran, Bach Xuan; Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala; Tura, Abera Kenay; Tuzcu, Emin Murat; Tyrovolas, Stefanos; Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna; Undurraga, Eduardo A; Uneke, Chigozie Jesse; Uthman, Olalekan A; van Donkelaar, Aaron; Varakin, Yuri Y; Vasankari, Tommi; Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales; Veerman, JLennert; Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy; Verma, Raj Kumar; Violante, Francesco S; Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich; Volkow, Patricia; Vollset, Stein Emil; Wagner, Gregory R; Wallin, Mitchell T; Wang, Linhong; Wanga, Valentine; Watkins, David A; Weichenthal, Scott; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Weintraub, Robert G; Weiss, Daniel J; Werdecker, Andrea; Westerman, Ronny; Whiteford, Harvey A; Wilkinson, James D; Wiysonge, Charles Shey; Wolfe, Charles DA; Wolfe, Ingrid; Won, Sungho; Woolf, Anthony D; Workie, Shimelash Bitew; Wubshet, Mamo; Xu, Gelin; Yadav, Ajit Kumar; Yakob, Bereket; Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene; Yan, Lijing L; Yano, Yuichiro; Yaseri, Mehdi; Ye, Pengpeng; Yip, Paul; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yoon, Seok-Jun; Younis, Mustafa Z; Yu, Chuanhua; Zaidi, Zoubida; Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed; Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlos; Zapata, Tomas; Zegeye, Elias Asfaw; Zhao, Yi; Zhou, Maigeng; Zodpey, Sanjay; Zonies, David; Murray, Christopher JL; GBD 2015 SDG Collaborators
Background In September, 2015, the UN General Assembly established the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs specify 17 universal goals, 169 targets, and 230 indicators leading up to 2030. We provide an analysis of 33 health-related SDG indicators based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015). Methods We applied statistical methods to systematically compiled data to estimate the performance of 33 health-related SDG indicators for 188 countries from 1990 to 2015. We rescaled each indicator on a scale from 0 (worst observed value between 1990 and 2015) to 100 (best observed). Indices representing all 33 health-related SDG indicators (health-related SDG index), health-related SDG indicators included in the Millennium Development Goals (MDG index), and health-related indicators not included in the MDGs (non-MDG index) were computed as the geometric mean of the rescaled indicators by SDG target. We used spline regressions to examine the relations between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI, a summary measure based on average income per person, educational attainment, and total fertility rate) and each of the health-related SDG indicators and indices. Findings In 2015, the median health-related SDG index was 59.3 (95% uncertainty interval 56.8-61.8) and varied widely by country, ranging from 85.5 (84.2-86.5) in Iceland to 20.4 (15.4-24.9) in Central African Republic. SDI was a good predictor of the health-related SDG index (r(2) = 0.88) and the MDG index (r(2) = 0.2), whereas the non-MDG index had a weaker relation with SDI (r(2) = 0.79). Between 2000 and 2015, the health-related SDG index improved by a median of 7.9 (IQR 5.0-10.4), and gains on the MDG index (a median change of 10.0 [6.7-13.1]) exceeded that of the non-MDG index (a median change of 5.5 [2.1-8.9]). Since 2000, pronounced progress occurred for indicators such as met need with modern contraception, under-5 mortality, and neonatal mortality, as well as the indicator for universal health coverage tracer interventions. Moderate improvements were found for indicators such as HIV and tuberculosis incidence, minimal changes for hepatitis B incidence took place, and childhood overweight considerably worsened. Interpretation GBD provides an independent, comparable avenue for monitoring progress towards the health-related SDGs. Our analysis not only highlights the importance of income, education, and fertility as drivers of health improvement but also emphasises that investments in these areas alone will not be sufficient. Although considerable progress on the health-related MDG indicators has been made, these gains will need to be sustained and, in many cases, accelerated to achieve the ambitious SDG targets. The minimal improvement in or worsening of health-related indicators beyond the MDGs highlight the need for additional resources to effectively address the expanded scope of the health-related SDGs.
PMCID:5055583
PMID: 27665228
ISSN: 1474-547x
CID: 2374752
Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
Kassebaum, N J; Barber, R M; Dandona, L; Hay, S I; Larson, H J; Lim, S S; Lopez, A D; Mokdad, A H; Naghavi, M; Pinho, C; Steiner, C; Vos, T; Wang, H; Achoki, T; Anderson, G M; Arora, M; Biryukov, S; Blore, J D; Carter, A; Casey, D C; Coates, M M; Coggeshall, M; Dicker, D J; Dossou, E; Fleming, T; Fraser, M S; Friedman, J; Fullman, N; Graetz, N; Hancock, J; Huynh, C; Iannarone, M; Kemmer, L; Kulikoff, X R; Kutz, M J; Liu, P Y; Marquez, N; Misganaw, A; Mooney, M D; Moradi-Lakeh, M; Ng, M; Nguyen, G; Pain, A; Shackelford, K A; Silpakit, N; Sligar, A; Smith, J M; Sorensen, R J D; Wagner, J A; Wolock, T; Zhou, M; Murray, C J L; Ebel, B E; Futran, N D; Harun, K M; Bhutta, Z A; Nisar, M I; Akseer, N; Jeemon, P; Dandona, R; Goenka, S; Kumar, G A; Gething, P W; Bisanzio, D; Deribew, A; Cooper, C; Ali, R; Bennett, D A; Jha, V; Rahimi, K; Kinfu, Y; Murthy, G V S; Liu, S; Wang, L; Liang, X; Yu, S; Azzopardi, P; Gibney, K B; Meretoja, A; Szoeke, C E I; Alam, K; Colquhoun, S M; Weintraub, R G; Wijeratne, T; Lozano, R; Campos-Nonato, I R; Campuzano, J C; Gomez-Dantes, H; Lamadrid-Figueroa, H; Mejia-Rodriguez, F; Montanez, Hernandez J C; Montero, P; Mensah, G A; Salomon, J A; Thorne-Lyman, A L; Ajala, O N; Barnighausen, T; Ding, E L; Farvid, M S; Fitchett, J R A; Abajobir, A A; Knibbs, L D; Lalloo, R; Alam, N K M; Guo, Y; Abate, K H; Gebrehiwot, T T; Gebremedhin, A T; Abbas, K M; Abd-Allah, F; Abdallat, M A; Abdulle, A M; Abera, S F; Melaku, Y A; Tesfay, F H; Aregay, A F; Bayou, T A; Betsu, B D; Gebremedhin, M; Gebru, A A; Hailu, G B; Tekle, T; Yalew, A Z; Yebyo, H G; Aboyans, V; Abubakar, I; Aldridge, R W; Banerjee, A; AbuRmeileh, N M; Adebiyi, A O; Adelekan, A L; Ojelabi, F A; Adedeji, I A; Adou, A K; Afanvi, K A; Badawi, A; Agarwal, A; Ahmad, Kiadaliri A; Akinyemiju, T F; Schwebel, D C; Singh, J A; Al-Aly, Z; Kemp, A H; Leigh, J; Mekonnen, A B; Alasfoor, D; Aldhahri, S F; Terkawi, A S; Alhabib, S; Alkerwi, A; Alla, F; Al-Raddadi, R; Alsharif, U; Alvarez, Martin E; Alvis-Guzman, N; Amare, A T; Ciobanu, L G; Tessema, G A; Setegn, T; Amberbir, A; Amegah, A K; Kudom, A A; Ammar, W; Harb, H L; Amrock, S M; Andersen, H H; Antoine, R M; Antonio, C A T; Faraon, E J A; Arnlov, J; Larsson, A; Arsic, Arsenijevic V S; Barac, A; Artaman, A; Asayesh, H; Atique, S; Avokpaho, E F G A; Awasthi, A; Ayala, Quintanilla B P; Bacha, U; Bahit, M C; Balakrishnan, K; Barker-Collo, S L; Mohammed, S; Basu, S; Bayou, Y T; Bazargan-Hejazi, S; Beardsley, J; Bedi, N; Bekele, T; Bell, M L; Biroscak, B J; Huang, J J; Santos, I S; Bensenor, I M; Lotufo, P A; Berhane, A; Wolfe, C D; Bernabe, E; Beyene, A S; Biadgilign, S; Bikbov, B; Bin, Abdulhak A A; Bjertness, E; Htet, A S; Brainin, M; Brazinova, A; Majdan, M; Shen, J; Breitborde, N J K; Brugha, T S; Butt, Z A; Cardenas, R; Fereshtehnejad, S; Kivipelto, M; Weiderpass, E; Havmoeller, R; Sindi, S; Castaneda-Orjuela, C A; CastanedaOrjuela, C A; Castro, R E; Catala-Lopez, F; Cavalleri, F; Colistro, V; Chang, H; Chang, J; Chavan, L; Chibueze, C E; Chisumpa, V H; Mapoma, C C; Masiye, F; Choi, J J; Chowdhury, R; Christopher, D J; Cirillo, M; Cooper, L T; Dahiru, T; Damasceno, A; Danawi, H; Refaat, A H; das, Neves J; Santos, J V; De, Leo D; Dellavalle, R P; Deribe, K; Hailu, A D; Tefera, W; Giref, A Z; Jibat, T; Temam, Shifa G; Des, Jarlais D C; Dharmaratne, S D; Dubey, M; Rahman, M H U; Ram, U; Singh, A; Yadav, A K; Vollset, S E; Ellingsen, C L; Savic, M; Skirbekk, V; Elyazar, I; Ermakov, S P; Soshnikov, S; Eshrati, B; Farzadfar, F; Kasaeian, A; Pishgar, F; Esteghamati, A; Hafezi-Nejad, N; Sheikhbahaei, S; Khosravi, A; Malekzadeh, R; Roshandel, G; Sepanlou, S G; Rahimi-Movaghar, V; Farid, T A; Khan, A R; Farinha, C S E S; Faro, A; Fernandes, J C; Fischer, F; Foigt, N; Franca, E B; Franklin, R C; Furst, T; Majeed, A; Gambashidze, K; Kazanjan, K; Kereselidze, M; Khonelidze, I; Shakh-Nazarova, M; Sturua, L; Gamkrelidze, A; Gebre, T; Geleijnse, J M; Giroud, M; Gishu, M D; Tura, A K; Glaser, E; Gona, P; Goodridge, A; Gopalani, S V; Goto, A; Gugnani, H C; Gupta, R; Gupta, V; Norheim, O F; Hamadeh, R R; Hamidi, S; Handal, A J; Hankey, G J; Harikrishnan, S; Hoek, H W; Horino, M; Horita, N; Hosgood, H D; Hoy, D G; Hu, G; Huang, H; Huybrechts, I; Iburg, K M; Idrisov, B T; Iyer, V J; Jacobsen, K H; Jahanmehr, N; Jakovljevic, M B; Javanbakht, M; Jayatilleke, A U; Jee, S H; Lal, D K; Zodpey, S; Jiang, G; Jiang, Y; Jonas, J B; Kabir, Z; Kamal, R; Kesavachandran, C N; She, J; Kan, H; Karch, A; Karletsos, D; Kaul, A; Kawakami, N; Shibuya, K; Kayibanda, J F; Kazi, D S; Keiyoro, P N; Kengne, A P; Wiysonge, C S; Sliwa, K; Keren, A; Khader, Y S; Khan, E A; Khang, Y H; Won, S; Khubchandani, J; Kim, Y J; Kokubo, Y; Kosen, S; Koul, P A; Koyanagi, A; Krishnaswami, S; Kuate, Defo B; Kucuk, Bicer B; Lam, H; Lan, Q; Laryea, D O; Leung, R; Li, Y; Lipshultz, S E; Wilkinson, J D; Simard, E P; Liu, Y; Phillips, M R; Xiao, Q; Lloyd, B K; Lunevicius, R; Pope, D; Ma, S; Magdy, Abd El Razek H; Magdy, Abd El Razek M; Marcenes, W; Meaney, P A; Margolis, D J; Marzan, M B; Mason-Jones, A J; Mazorodze, T T; Mehari, A; Mehndiratta, M M; Woldeyohannes, S M; Tedla, B A; Memish, Z A; Mendoza, W; Meretoja, T J; Mhimbira, F A; Miller, T R; Mills, E J; Mohamed, Ibrahim N; Mohammad, K A; Mohammadi, A; Mola, G L D; Monasta, L; Montico, M; Ronfani, L; Monis, J D; Moore, A R; MoradiLakeh, M; Morawska, L; Norman, R E; Mori, R; Werdecker, A; Mueller, U O; Westerman, R; Murthy, S; Pourmalek, F; Nachega, J B; Paternina, Caicedo A J; Seedat, S; Tran, B X; Naheed, A; Naldi, L; Remuzzi, G; Nand, D; Nangia, V; Nash, D; Neupane, S; Newton, J N; Ngalesoni, F N; Nguhiu, P; Nguyen, Q L; Nomura, M; Nyakarahuka, L; Obermeyer, C M; Ogbo, F A; Oh, I; Olivares, P R; Olusanya, B O; Olusanya, J O; Opio, J N; Oren, E; Ota, E; Oyekale, A S; Mahesh, P A; Papantoniou, N; Stathopoulou, V; Park, E; Park, H; Patten, S B; Paul, V K; Roy, A; Sagar, R; Satpathy, M; Pereira, D M; Cortinovis, M; Perico, N; Pesudovs, K; Petzold, M; Pillay, J D; Polinder, S; Qorbani, M; Rafay, A; Rahman, M; Rahman, S U; Rai, R K; Ranabhat, C L; Rangaswamy, T; Rao, P V; Resnikoff, S; Rojas-Rueda, D; Ruhago, G M; Sunguya, B F; Saleh, M M; Sanabria, J R; Sanchez-Nino, M D; Sarmiento-Suarez, R; Sartorius, B; Sawhney, M; Saylan, M I; Schneider, I J C; Silva, D A S; Servan-Mori, E E; Shaikh, M A; Sharma, R; Shin, M; Yoon, S; Shiri, R; Shishani, K; Shiue, I; Sigfusdottir, I D; Silveira, D G A; Silverberg, J I; Yano, Y; Singh, O P; Singh, P K; Singh, V; Soneji, S; Soriano, J B; Sposato, L A; Sreeramareddy, C T; Stroumpoulis, K; Swaminathan, S; Sykes, B L; Tabares-Seisdedos, R; Tabb, K M; Talongwa, R T; Tavakkoli, M; Taye, B; Endries, A Y; Thomson, A J; Tobe-Gai, R; Topor-Madry, R; Towbin, J A; Tsala, Dimbuene Z; Tyrovolas, S; Ukwaja, K N; Uthman, O A; Vasankari, T; Venketasubramanian, N; Violante, F S; Vladimirov, S K; Vlassov, V V; Weichenthal, S; Wubshet, M; Xu, G; Yakob, B; Yip, P; Yonemoto, N; Younis, M Z; Yu, C; Zaidi, Z; Zaki, M E; Zeeb, H; Zhao, Y; Zuhlke, L J
Background In transitioning from the Millennium Development Goal to the Sustainable Development Goal era, it is imperative to comprehensively assess progress toward reducing maternal mortality to identify areas of success, remaining challenges, and frame policy discussions. We aimed to quantify maternal mortality throughout the world by underlying cause and age from 1990 to 2015. Methods We estimated maternal mortality at the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2015 for ages 10-54 years by systematically compiling and processing all available data sources from 186 of 195 countries and territories, 11 of which were analysed at the subnational level. We quantified eight underlying causes of maternal death and four timing categories, improving estimation methods since GBD 2013 for adult all-cause mortality, HIV-related maternal mortality, and late maternal death. Secondary analyses then allowed systematic examination of drivers of trends, including the relation between maternal mortality and coverage of specific reproductive health-care services as well as assessment of observed versus expected maternal mortality as a function of Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Findings Only ten countries achieved MDG 5, but 122 of 195 countries have already met SDG 3.1. Geographical disparities widened between 1990 and 2015 and, in 2015, 24 countries still had a maternal mortality ratio greater than 400. The proportion of all maternal deaths occurring in the bottom two SDI quintiles, where haemorrhage is the dominant cause of maternal death, increased from roughly 68% in 1990 to more than 80% in 2015. The middle SDI quintile improved the most from 1990 to 2015, but also has the most complicated causal profile. Maternal mortality in the highest SDI quintile is mostly due to other direct maternal disorders, indirect maternal disorders, and abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and/or miscarriage. Historical patterns suggest achievement of SDG 3.1 will require 91% coverage of one antenatal care visit, 78% of four antenatal care visits, 81% of in-facility delivery, and 87% of skilled birth attendance. Interpretation Several challenges to improving reproductive health lie ahead in the SDG era. Countries should establish or renew systems for collection and timely dissemination of health data; expand coverage and improve quality of family planning services, including access to contraception and safe abortion to address high adolescent fertility; invest in improving health system capacity, including coverage of routine reproductive health care and of more advanced obstetric care-including EmOC; adapt health systems and data collection systems to monitor and reverse the increase in indirect, other direct, and late maternal deaths, especially in high SDI locations; and examine their own performance with respect to their SDI level, using that information to formulate strategies to improve performance and ensure optimum reproductive health of their population. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
PMCID:5224694
PMID: 27733286
ISSN: 1474-547x
CID: 2621422
Erratum: Estimates of global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV, 1980-2015: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (The Lancet HIV (2016) 3 (e361-e387) PII: S235230181630087X DOI: 10.1016/S2352-3018(16)30087-X)
Wang, Haidong; Wolock, Tim M.; Carter, Austin; Nguyen, Grant; Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe; Gakidou, Emmanuela; Hay, Simon I.; Mills, Edward J.; Trickey, Adam; Msemburi, William; Coates, Matthew M.; Mooney, Meghan D.; Fraser, Maya S.; Sligar, Amber; Salomon, Joshua; Larson, Heidi J.; Friedman, Joseph; Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abbas, Kaja M.; Razek, Mohamed Magdy Abd El; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abdulle, Abdishakur M.; Abera, Semaw Ferede; Abubakar, Ibrahim; Abu-Raddad, Laith J.; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.E.; Abyu, Gebre Yitayih; Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi; Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi; Adelekan, Ademola Lukman; Adofo, Koranteng; Adou, Arsène Kouablan; Ajala, Oluremi N.; Akinyemiju, Tomi F.; Akseer, Nadia; Lami, Faris Hasan Al; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Alam, Khurshid; Alam, Noore K.M.; Alasfoor, Deena; Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed S.; Aldridge, Robert William; Alegretti, Miguel Angel; Aleman, Alicia V.; Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw; Alfonso-Cristancho, Rafael; Ali, Raghib; Alkerwi, Ala'a; Alla, François; Mohammad, Rajaa; Al-Raddadi, Salem; Alsharif, Ubai; Alvarez, Elena; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amare, Azmeraw T.; Amberbir, Alemayehu; Amegah, Adeladza Kofi; Ammar, Walid; Amrock, Stephen Marc; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.; Anwari, Palwasha; Ã"žrnlöv, Johan; Artaman, Al; Asayesh, Hamid; Asghar, Rana Jawad; Assadi, Reza; Atique, Suleman; Atkins, Lydia S.; Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G.Arthur; Awasthi, Ashish; Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala; Bacha, Umar; Badawi, Alaa; Barac, Aleksandra; Bärnighausen, Till; Basu, Arindam; Bayou, Tigist Assefa; Bayou, Yibeltal Tebekaw; Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad; Beardsley, Justin; Bedi, Neeraj; Bennett, Derrick A.; Bensenor, Isabela M.; Betsu, Balem Demtsu; Beyene, Addisu Shunu; Bhatia, Eesh; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Biadgilign, Sibhatu; Bikbov, Boris; Birlik, Sait Mentes; Bisanzio, Donal; Brainin, Michael; Brazinova, Alexandra; Breitborde, Nicholas J.K.; Brown, Alexandria; Burch, Michael; Butt, Zahid A.; Campuzano, Julio Cesar; Cárdenas, Rosario; Carrero, Juan Jesus; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A.; Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo; Catalá-López, Ferrán; Chang, Hsing Yi; Chang, Jung chen; Chavan, Laxmikant; Chen, Wanqing; Chiang, Peggy Pei Chia; Chibalabala, Mirriam; Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe; Choi, Jee Young Jasmine; Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas; Ciobanu, Liliana G.; Cooper, Cyrus; Dahiru, Tukur; Damtew, Solomon Abreha; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; das Neves, José; de Jager, Pieter; De Leo, Diego; Degenhardt, Louisa; Dellavalle, Robert P.; Deribe, Kebede; Deribew, Amare; Des Jarlais, Don C.; Dharmaratne, Samath D.; Ding, Eric L.; Doshi, Pratik Pinal; Driscoll, Tim R.; Dubey, Manisha; Elshrek, Yousef Mohamed; Elyazar, Iqbal; Endries, Aman Yesuf; Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich; Eshrati, Babak; Esteghamati, Alireza; Faghmous, Imad D.A.; Farinha, Carla Sofia e.Sa; Faro, Andre; Farvid, Maryam S.; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad; Fernandes, Joao C.; Fischer, Florian; Fitchett, Joseph Robert Ander; Foigt, Nataliya; Fullman, Nancy; Fürst, Thomas; Gankpé, Fortuné Gbètoho; Gebre, Teshome; Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay; Gebru, Alemseged Aregay; Geleijnse, Johanna M.; Gessner, Bradford D.; Gething, Peter W.; Ghiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde; Giroud, Maurice; Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo; Glaser, Elizabeth; Goenka, Shifalika; Goodridge, Amador; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Goto, Atsushi; Gugnani, Harish Chander; Guimaraes, Mark D.C.; Gupta, Rahul; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Vipin; Haagsma, Juanita; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Hagan, Holly; Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa; Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi; Hamidi, Samer; Hammami, Mouhanad; Hankey, Graeme J.; Hao, Yuantao; Harb, Hilda L.; Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai; Haro, Josep Maria; Harun, Kimani M.; Havmoeller, Rasmus; Hedayati, Mohammad T.; Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz; Hoek, Hans W.; Horino, Masako; Horita, Nobuyuki; Hosgood, H. Dean; Hoy, Damian G.; Hsairi, Mohamed; Hu, Guoqing; Huang, Hsiang; Huang, John J.; Iburg, Kim Moesgaard; Idrisov, Bulat T.; Innos, Kaire; Iyer, Veena J.; Jacobsen, Kathryn H.; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B.; Javanbakht, Mehdi; Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra; Jeemon, Panniyammakal; Jha, Vivekanand; Jiang, Guohong; Jiang, Ying; Jibat, Tariku; Jonas, Jost B.; Kabir, Zubair; Kamal, Ritul; Kan, Haidong; Karch, André; Karema, Corine Kakizi; Karletsos, Dimitris; Kasaeian, Amir; Kaul, Anil; Kawakami, Norito; Kayibanda, Jeanne Françoise; Keiyoro, Peter Njenga; Kemp, Andrew Haddon; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khalil, Ibrahim; Khan, Abdur Rahman; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khang, Young Ho; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kim, Yun Jin; Kinfu, Yohannes; Kivipelto, Miia; Kokubo, Yoshihiro; Kosen, Soewarta; Koul, Parvaiz A.; Koyanagi, Ai; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Bicer, Burcu Kucuk; Kulkarni, Veena S.; Kumar, G. Anil; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Lam, Hilton; Lam, Jennifer O.; Langan, Sinead M.; Lansingh, Van C.; Larsson, Anders; Leigh, James; Leung, Ricky; Li, Yongmei; Lim, Stephen S.; Lipshultz, Steven E.; Liu, Shiwei; Lloyd, Belinda K.; Logroscino, Giancarlo; Lotufo, Paulo A.; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd El; Mahdavi, Mahdi; Majdan, Marek; Majeed, Azeem; Makhlouf, Carla; Malekzadeh, Reza; Mapoma, Chabila C.; Marcenes, Wagner; Martinez-Raga, Jose; Marzan, Melvin Barrientos; Masiye, Felix; Mason-Jones, Amanda J.; Mayosi, Bongani M.; McKee, Martin; Meaney, Peter A.; Mehndiratta, Man Mohan; Mekonnen, Alemayehu B.; Melaku, Yohannes Adama; Memiah, Peter; Memish, Ziad A.; Mendoza, Walter; Meretoja, Atte; Meretoja, Tuomo J.; Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary; Miller, Ted R.; Mikesell, Joseph; Mirarefin, Mojde; Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mokdad, Ali H.; Monasta, Lorenzo; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Mori, Rintaro; Mueller, Ulrich O.; Murimira, Brighton; Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana; Naheed, Aliya; Naldi, Luigi; Nangia, Vinay; Nash, Denis; Nawaz, Haseeb; Nejjari, Chakib; Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak; de Dieu Ngirabega, Jean; Nguyen, Quyen Le; Nisar, Muhammad Imran; Norheim, Ole F.; Norman, Rosana E.; Nyakarahuka, Luke; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Oh, In Hwan; Ojelabi, Foluke Adetola; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun; Opio, John Nelson; Oren, Eyal; Ota, Erika; Padukudru, Mahesh Anand; Park, Hye Youn; Park, Jae Hyun; Patil, Snehal T.; Patten, Scott B.; Paul, Vinod K.; Pearson, Katherine; Peprah, Emmanuel Kwame; Doyle, Kerrie E.; Pereira, David M.; Perico, Norberto; Pesudovs, Konrad; Petzold, Max; Phillips, Michael Robert; Pillay, Julian David; Plass, Dietrich; Polinder, Suzanne; Pourmalek, Farshad; Prokop, David M.; Qorbani, Mostafa; Rafay, Anwar; Rahimi, Kazem; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Mahfuzar; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Sajjad Ur; Rai, Rajesh Kumar; Rajsic, Sasa; Ram, Usha; Rana, Saleem M.; Rao, Paturi Vishnupriya; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Rojas-Rueda, David; Ronfani, Luca; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Roy, Ambuj; Ruhago, George Mugambage; Saeedi, Mohammad Yahya; Sagar, Rajesh; Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad; Sanabria, Juan R.; Santos, Itamar S.; Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo; Sartorius, Benn; Sawhney, Monika; Schutte, Aletta E.; Schwebel, David C.; Seedat, Soraya; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Servan-Mori, Edson E.; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Sharma, Rajesh; She, Jun; Sheikhbahaei, Sara; Shen, Jiabin; Shibuya, Kenji; Shin, Hwashin Hyun; Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora; Silpakit, Naris; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves; Simard, Edgar P.; Sindi, Shireen; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Singh, Om Prakash; Singh, Prashant Kumar; Skirbekk, Vegard; Sliwa, Karen; Soneji, Samir; Sorensen, Reed J.D.; Soriano, Joan B.; Soti, David O.; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T.; Stathopoulou, Vasiliki; Steel, Nicholas; Sunguya, Bruno F.; Swaminathan, Soumya; Sykes, Bryan L.; Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael; Talongwa, Roberto Tchio; Tavakkoli, Mohammad; Taye, Bineyam; Tedla, Bemnet Amare; Tekle, Tesfaye; Shifa, Girma Temam; Temesgen, Awoke Misganaw; Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman; Tesfay, Fisaha Haile; Tessema, Gizachew Assefa; Thapa, Kiran; Thomson, Alan J.; Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L.; Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan; Topor-Madry, Roman; Towbin, Jeffrey Allen; Tran, Bach Xuan; Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala; Tsilimparis, Nikolaos; Tura, Abera Kenay; Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna; Uneke, Chigozie Jesse; Uthman, Olalekan A.; Venketasubramanian, N.; Vladimirov, Sergey K.; Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich; Vollset, Stein Emil; Wang, Linhong; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Weintraub, Robert G.; Werdecker, Andrea; Westerman, Ronny; Wijeratne, Tissa; Wilkinson, James D.; Wiysonge, Charles Shey; Wolfe, Charles D.A.; Won, Sungho; Wong, John Q.; Xu, Gelin; Yadav, Ajit Kumar; Yakob, Bereket; Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene; Yano, Yuichiro; Yaseri, Mehdi; Yebyo, Henock Gebremedhin; Yip, Paul; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yoon, Seok Jun; Younis, Mustafa Z.; Yu, Chuanhua; Yu, Shicheng; Zaidi, Zoubida; Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed; Zeeb, Hajo; Zhang, Hao; Zhao, Yong; Zodpey, Sanjay; Zoeckler, Leo; Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna; Lopez, Alan D.; Murray, Christopher J.L.
GBD 2015 HIV Collaborators. Estimates of global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV, 1980"“2015: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet HIV 2016; 3: e361"“87"”In this Article, Kerrie E Doyle and David M Pereira have been added to the list of collaborators and Claudia C Pereira has been removed. These corrections have been made as of Aug 22, 2016.
SCOPUS:84991574497
ISSN: 2352-3018
CID: 4184042
Estimates of global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV, 1980-2015: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
Wang, Haidong; Wolock, Tim M; Carter, Austin; Nguyen, Grant; Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe; Gakidou, Emmanuela; Hay, Simon I; Mills, Edward J; Trickey, Adam; Msemburi, William; Coates, Matthew M; Mooney, Meghan D; Fraser, Maya S; Sligar, Amber; Salomon, Joshua; Larson, Heidi J; Friedman, Joseph; Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abbas, Kaja M; Razek, Mohamed Magdy Abd El; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abdulle, Abdishakur M; Abera, Semaw Ferede; Abubakar, Ibrahim; Abu-Raddad, Laith J; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E; Abyu, Gebre Yitayih; Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi; Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi; Adelekan, Ademola Lukman; Adofo, Koranteng; Adou, Arsene Kouablan; Ajala, Oluremi N; Akinyemiju, Tomi F; Akseer, Nadia; Lami, Faris Hasan Al; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Alam, Khurshid; Alam, Noore K M; Alasfoor, Deena; Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed S; Aldridge, Robert William; Alegretti, Miguel Angel; Aleman, Alicia V; Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw; Alfonso-Cristancho, Rafael; Ali, Raghib; Alkerwi, Ala'a; Alla, Francois; Mohammad, Rajaa; Al-Raddadi, Salem; Alsharif, Ubai; Alvarez, Elena; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amare, Azmeraw T; Amberbir, Alemayehu; Amegah, Adeladza Kofi; Ammar, Walid; Amrock, Stephen Marc; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T; Anwari, Palwasha; Arnlov, Johan; Artaman, Al; Asayesh, Hamid; Asghar, Rana Jawad; Assadi, Reza; Atique, Suleman; Atkins, Lydia S; Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur; Awasthi, Ashish; Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala; Bacha, Umar; Badawi, Alaa; Barac, Aleksandra; Barnighausen, Till; Basu, Arindam; Bayou, Tigist Assefa; Bayou, Yibeltal Tebekaw; Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad; Beardsley, Justin; Bedi, Neeraj; Bennett, Derrick A; Bensenor, Isabela M; Betsu, Balem Demtsu; Beyene, Addisu Shunu; Bhatia, Eesh; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Biadgilign, Sibhatu; Bikbov, Boris; Birlik, Sait Mentes; Bisanzio, Donal; Brainin, Michael; Brazinova, Alexandra; Breitborde, Nicholas J K; Brown, Alexandria; Burch, Michael; Butt, Zahid A; Campuzano, Julio Cesar; Cardenas, Rosario; Carrero, Juan Jesus; Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A; Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo; Catala-Lopez, Ferran; Chang, Hsing-Yi; Chang, Jung-Chen; Chavan, Laxmikant; Chen, Wanqing; Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia; Chibalabala, Mirriam; Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe; Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine; Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas; Ciobanu, Liliana G; Cooper, Cyrus; Dahiru, Tukur; Damtew, Solomon Abreha; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; das Neves, Jose; de Jager, Pieter; De Leo, Diego; Degenhardt, Louisa; Dellavalle, Robert P; Deribe, Kebede; Deribew, Amare; Des Jarlais, Don C; Dharmaratne, Samath D; Ding, Eric L; Doshi, Pratik Pinal; Driscoll, Tim R; Dubey, Manisha; Elshrek, Yousef Mohamed; Elyazar, Iqbal; Endries, Aman Yesuf; Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich; Eshrati, Babak; Esteghamati, Alireza; Faghmous, Imad D A; Farinha, Carla Sofia E Sa; Faro, Andre; Farvid, Maryam S; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Fernandes, Joao C; Fischer, Florian; Fitchett, Joseph Robert Ander; Foigt, Nataliya; Fullman, Nancy; Furst, Thomas; Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho; Gebre, Teshome; Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay; Gebru, Alemseged Aregay; Geleijnse, Johanna M; Gessner, Bradford D; Gething, Peter W; Ghiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde; Giroud, Maurice; Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo; Glaser, Elizabeth; Goenka, Shifalika; Goodridge, Amador; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Goto, Atsushi; Gugnani, Harish Chander; Guimaraes, Mark D C; Gupta, Rahul; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Vipin; Haagsma, Juanita; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Hagan, Holly; Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa; Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi; Hamidi, Samer; Hammami, Mouhanad; Hankey, Graeme J; Hao, Yuantao; Harb, Hilda L; Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai; Haro, Josep Maria; Harun, Kimani M; Havmoeller, Rasmus; Hedayati, Mohammad T; Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz; Hoek, Hans W; Horino, Masako; Horita, Nobuyuki; Hosgood, H Dean; Hoy, Damian G; Hsairi, Mohamed; Hu, Guoqing; Huang, Hsiang; Huang, John J; Iburg, Kim Moesgaard; Idrisov, Bulat T; Innos, Kaire; Iyer, Veena J; Jacobsen, Kathryn H; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B; Javanbakht, Mehdi; Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra; Jeemon, Panniyammakal; Jha, Vivekanand; Jiang, Guohong; Jiang, Ying; Jibat, Tariku; Jonas, Jost B; Kabir, Zubair; Kamal, Ritul; Kan, Haidong; Karch, Andre; Karema, Corine Kakizi; Karletsos, Dimitris; Kasaeian, Amir; Kaul, Anil; Kawakami, Norito; Kayibanda, Jeanne Francoise; Keiyoro, Peter Njenga; Kemp, Andrew Haddon; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khalil, Ibrahim; Khan, Abdur Rahman; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khang, Young-Ho; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kim, Yun Jin; Kinfu, Yohannes; Kivipelto, Miia; Kokubo, Yoshihiro; Kosen, Soewarta; Koul, Parvaiz A; Koyanagi, Ai; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Bicer, Burcu Kucuk; Kulkarni, Veena S; Kumar, G Anil; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Lam, Hilton; Lam, Jennifer O; Langan, Sinead M; Lansingh, Van C; Larsson, Anders; Leigh, James; Leung, Ricky; Li, Yongmei; Lim, Stephen S; Lipshultz, Steven E; Liu, Shiwei; Lloyd, Belinda K; Logroscino, Giancarlo; Lotufo, Paulo A; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd El; Mahdavi, Mahdi; Majdan, Marek; Majeed, Azeem; Makhlouf, Carla; Malekzadeh, Reza; Mapoma, Chabila C; Marcenes, Wagner; Martinez-Raga, Jose; Marzan, Melvin Barrientos; Masiye, Felix; Mason-Jones, Amanda J; Mayosi, Bongani M; McKee, Martin; Meaney, Peter A; Mehndiratta, Man Mohan; Mekonnen, Alemayehu B; Melaku, Yohannes Adama; Memiah, Peter; Memish, Ziad A; Mendoza, Walter; Meretoja, Atte; Meretoja, Tuomo J; Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary; Miller, Ted R; Mikesell, Joseph; Mirarefin, Mojde; Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mokdad, Ali H; Monasta, Lorenzo; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Mori, Rintaro; Mueller, Ulrich O; Murimira, Brighton; Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana; Naheed, Aliya; Naldi, Luigi; Nangia, Vinay; Nash, Denis; Nawaz, Haseeb; Nejjari, Chakib; Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak; de Dieu Ngirabega, Jean; Nguyen, Quyen Le; Nisar, Muhammad Imran; Norheim, Ole F; Norman, Rosana E; Nyakarahuka, Luke; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Oh, In-Hwan; Ojelabi, Foluke Adetola; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun; Opio, John Nelson; Oren, Eyal; Ota, Erika; Padukudru, Mahesh Anand; Park, Hye-Youn; Park, Jae-Hyun; Patil, Snehal T; Patten, Scott B; Paul, Vinod K; Pearson, Katherine; Peprah, Emmanuel Kwame; Pereira, Claudia C; Perico, Norberto; Pesudovs, Konrad; Petzold, Max; Phillips, Michael Robert; Pillay, Julian David; Plass, Dietrich; Polinder, Suzanne; Pourmalek, Farshad; Prokop, David M; Qorbani, Mostafa; Rafay, Anwar; Rahimi, Kazem; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Mahfuzar; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Sajjad Ur; Rai, Rajesh Kumar; Rajsic, Sasa; Ram, Usha; Rana, Saleem M; Rao, Paturi Vishnupriya; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Rojas-Rueda, David; Ronfani, Luca; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Roy, Ambuj; Ruhago, George Mugambage; Saeedi, Mohammad Yahya; Sagar, Rajesh; Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad; Sanabria, Juan R; Santos, Itamar S; Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo; Sartorius, Benn; Sawhney, Monika; Schutte, Aletta E; Schwebel, David C; Seedat, Soraya; Sepanlou, Sadaf G; Servan-Mori, Edson E; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Sharma, Rajesh; She, Jun; Sheikhbahaei, Sara; Shen, Jiabin; Shibuya, Kenji; Shin, Hwashin Hyun; Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora; Silpakit, Naris; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves; Simard, Edgar P; Sindi, Shireen; Singh, Jasvinder A; Singh, Om Prakash; Singh, Prashant Kumar; Skirbekk, Vegard; Sliwa, Karen; Soneji, Samir; Sorensen, Reed J D; Soriano, Joan B; Soti, David O; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T; Stathopoulou, Vasiliki; Steel, Nicholas; Sunguya, Bruno F; Swaminathan, Soumya; Sykes, Bryan L; Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael; Talongwa, Roberto Tchio; Tavakkoli, Mohammad; Taye, Bineyam; Tedla, Bemnet Amare; Tekle, Tesfaye; Shifa, Girma Temam; Temesgen, Awoke Misganaw; Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman; Tesfay, Fisaha Haile; Tessema, Gizachew Assefa; Thapa, Kiran; Thomson, Alan J; Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L; Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan; Topor-Madry, Roman; Towbin, Jeffrey Allen; Tran, Bach Xuan; Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala; Tsilimparis, Nikolaos; Tura, Abera Kenay; Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna; Uneke, Chigozie Jesse; Uthman, Olalekan A; Venketasubramanian, N; 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BACKGROUND: Timely assessment of the burden of HIV/AIDS is essential for policy setting and programme evaluation. In this report from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we provide national estimates of levels and trends of HIV/AIDS incidence, prevalence, coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and mortality for 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. METHODS: For countries without high-quality vital registration data, we estimated prevalence and incidence with data from antenatal care clinics and population-based seroprevalence surveys, and with assumptions by age and sex on initial CD4 distribution at infection, CD4 progression rates (probability of progression from higher to lower CD4 cell-count category), on and off antiretroviral therapy (ART) mortality, and mortality from all other causes. Our estimation strategy links the GBD 2015 assessment of all-cause mortality and estimation of incidence and prevalence so that for each draw from the uncertainty distribution all assumptions used in each step are internally consistent. We estimated incidence, prevalence, and death with GBD versions of the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) and Spectrum software originally developed by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). We used an open-source version of EPP and recoded Spectrum for speed, and used updated assumptions from systematic reviews of the literature and GBD demographic data. For countries with high-quality vital registration data, we developed the cohort incidence bias adjustment model to estimate HIV incidence and prevalence largely from the number of deaths caused by HIV recorded in cause-of-death statistics. We corrected these statistics for garbage coding and HIV misclassification. FINDINGS: Global HIV incidence reached its peak in 1997, at 3.3 million new infections (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3.1-3.4 million). Annual incidence has stayed relatively constant at about 2.6 million per year (range 2.5-2.8 million) since 2005, after a period of fast decline between 1997 and 2005. The number of people living with HIV/AIDS has been steadily increasing and reached 38.8 million (95% UI 37.6-40.4 million) in 2015. At the same time, HIV/AIDS mortality has been declining at a steady pace, from a peak of 1.8 million deaths (95% UI 1.7-1.9 million) in 2005, to 1.2 million deaths (1.1-1.3 million) in 2015. We recorded substantial heterogeneity in the levels and trends of HIV/AIDS across countries. Although many countries have experienced decreases in HIV/AIDS mortality and in annual new infections, other countries have had slowdowns or increases in rates of change in annual new infections. INTERPRETATION: Scale-up of ART and prevention of mother-to-child transmission has been one of the great successes of global health in the past two decades. However, in the past decade, progress in reducing new infections has been slow, development assistance for health devoted to HIV has stagnated, and resources for health in low-income countries have grown slowly. Achievement of the new ambitious goals for HIV enshrined in Sustainable Development Goal 3 and the 90-90-90 UNAIDS targets will be challenging, and will need continued efforts from governments and international agencies in the next 15 years to end AIDS by 2030. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and National Institute of Mental Health and National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health.
PMCID:5056319
PMID: 27470028
ISSN: 2352-3018
CID: 2281442
Evidence that the rab5 effector APPL1 mediates APP-betaCTF-induced dysfunction of endosomes in Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease
Kim, S; Sato, Y; Mohan, P S; Peterhoff, C; Pensalfini, A; Rigoglioso, A; Jiang, Y; Nixon, R A
beta-Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its cleaved products are strongly implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Endosomes are highly active APP processing sites, and endosome anomalies associated with upregulated expression of early endosomal regulator, rab5, are the earliest known disease-specific neuronal response in AD. Here, we show that the rab5 effector APPL1 (adaptor protein containing pleckstrin homology domain, phosphotyrosine binding domain and leucine zipper motif) mediates rab5 overactivation in Down syndrome (DS) and AD, which is caused by elevated levels of the beta-cleaved carboxy-terminal fragment of APP (betaCTF). betaCTF recruits APPL1 to rab5 endosomes, where it stabilizes active GTP-rab5, leading to pathologically accelerated endocytosis, endosome swelling and selectively impaired axonal transport of rab5 endosomes. In DS fibroblasts, APPL1 knockdown corrects these endosomal anomalies. betaCTF levels are also elevated in AD brain, which is accompanied by abnormally high recruitment of APPL1 to rab5 endosomes as seen in DS fibroblasts. These studies indicate that persistent rab5 overactivation through betaCTF-APPL1 interactions constitutes a novel APP-dependent pathogenic pathway in AD.Molecular Psychiatry advance online publication, 21 July 2015; doi:10.1038/mp.2015.97.
PMCID:4721948
PMID: 26194181
ISSN: 1476-5578
CID: 1683762
Partial BACE1 reduction in a Down syndrome mouse model blocks Alzheimer-related endosomal anomalies and cholinergic neurodegeneration: role of APP-CTF
Jiang, Ying; Rigoglioso, Andrew; Peterhoff, Corrinne M; Pawlik, Monika; Sato, Yutaka; Bleiwas, Cynthia; Stavrides, Philip; Smiley, John F; Ginsberg, Stephen D; Mathews, Paul M; Levy, Efrat; Nixon, Ralph A
beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) are strongly implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, although recent evidence has linked APP-betaCTF generated by BACE1 (beta-APP cleaving enzyme 1) to the development of endocytic abnormalities and cholinergic neurodegeneration in early AD. We show that partial BACE1 genetic reduction prevents these AD-related pathological features in the Ts2 mouse model of Down syndrome. Partially reducing BACE1 by deleting one BACE1 allele blocked development of age-related endosome enlargement in the medial septal nucleus, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus and loss of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive medial septal nucleus neurons. BACE1 reduction normalized APP-betaCTF elevation but did not alter Abeta40 and Abeta42 peptide levels in brain, supporting a critical role in vivo for APP-betaCTF in the development of these abnormalities. Although ameliorative effects of BACE1 inhibition on beta-amyloidosis and synaptic proteins levels have been previously noted in AD mouse models, our results highlight the additional potential value of BACE1 modulation in therapeutic targeting of endocytic dysfunction and cholinergic neurodegeneration in Down syndrome and AD.
PMCID:4773919
PMID: 26923405
ISSN: 1558-1497
CID: 2006252
Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356
Klionsky, Daniel J.; Abdelmohsen, Kotb; Abe, Akihisa; Abedin, Md Joynal; Abeliovich, Hagai; Arozena, Abraham Acevedo; Adachi, Hiroaki; Adams, Christopher M.; Adams, Peter D.; Adeli, Khosrow; Adhihetty, Peter J.; Adler, Sharon G.; Agam, Galila; Agarwal, Rajesh; Aghi, Manish K.; Agnello, Maria; Agostinis, Patrizia; Aguilar, Patricia V.; Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio; Airoldi, Edoardo M.; Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane; Akematsu, Takahiko; Akporiaye, Emmanuel T.; Al-Rubeai, Mohamed; Albaiceta, Guillermo M.; Albanese, Chris; Albani, Diego; Albert, Matthew L.; Aldudo, Jesus; Algül, Hana; Alirezaei, Mehrdad; Alloza, Iraide; Almasan, Alexandru; Almonte-Beceril, Maylin; Alnemri, Emad S.; Alonso, Covadonga; Altan-Bonnet, Nihal; Altieri, Dario C.; Alvarez, Silvia; Alvarez-Erviti, Lydia; Alves, Sandro; Amadoro, Giuseppina; Amano, Atsuo; Amantini, Consuelo; Ambrosio, Santiago; Amelio, Ivano; Amer, Amal O.; Amessou, Mohamed; Amon, Angelika; An, Zhenyi; Anania, Frank A.; Andersen, Stig U.; Andley, Usha P.; Andreadi, Catherine K.; Andrieu-Abadie, Nathalie; Anel, Alberto; Ann, David K.; Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra; Antonioli, Manuela; Aoki, Hiroshi; Apostolova, Nadezda; Aquila, Saveria; Aquilano, Katia; Araki, Koichi; Arama, Eli; Aranda, Agustin; Araya, Jun; Arcaro, Alexandre; Arias, Esperanza; Arimoto, Hirokazu; Ariosa, Aileen R.; Armstrong, Jane L.; Arnould, Thierry; Arsov, Ivica; Asanuma, Katsuhiko; Askanas, Valerie; Asselin, Eric; Atarashi, Ryuichiro; Atherton, Sally S.; Atkin, Julie D.; Attardi, Laura D.; Auberger, Patrick; Auburger, Georg; Aurelian, Laure; Autelli, Riccardo; Avagliano, Laura; Avantaggiati, Maria Laura; Avrahami, Limor; Azad, Neelam; Awale, Suresh; Bachetti, Tiziana; Backer, Jonathan M.; Bae, Dong Hun; Bae, Jae Sung; Bae, Ok Nam; Bae, Soo Han; Baehrecke, Eric H.; Baek, Seung Hoon; Baghdiguian, Stephen; Bagniewska-Zadworna, Agnieszka; Bai, Hua; Bai, Jie; Bai, Xue Yuan; Bailly, Yannick; Balaji, Kithiganahalli Narayanaswamy; Balduini, Walter; Ballabio, Andrea; Balzan, Rena; Banerjee, Rajkumar; Bánhegyi, Gábor; Bao, Haijun; Barbeau, Benoit; Barrachina, Maria D.; Barreiro, Esther; Bartel, Bonnie; Bartolomé, Alberto; Bassham, Diane C.; Bassi, Maria Teresa; Bast, Robert C.; Basu, Alakananda; Batista, Maria Teresa; Batoko, Henri; Battino, Maurizio; Bauckman, Kyle; Baumgarner, Bradley L.; Bayer, K. Ulrich; Beale, Rupert; Beaulieu, Jean François; Beck, George R.; Becker, Christoph; Beckham, J. David; Bédard, Pierre André; Bednarski, Patrick J.; Begley, Thomas J.; Behl, Christian; Behrends, Christian; Behrens, Georg M.N.; Behrns, Kevin E.; Bejarano, Eloy; Belaid, Amine; Belleudi, Francesca; Bénard, Giovanni; Berchem, Guy; Bergamaschi, Daniele; Bergami, Matteo; Berkhout, Ben; Berliocchi, Laura; Bernard, Amélie; Bernard, Monique; Bernassola, Francesca; Bertolotti, Anne; Bess, Amanda S.; Besteiro, Sébastien; Bettuzzi, Saverio; Bhalla, Savita; Bhattacharyya, Shalmoli; Bhutia, Sujit K.; Biagosch, Caroline; Bianchi, Michele Wolfe; Biard-Piechaczyk, Martine; Billes, Viktor; Bincoletto, Claudia; Bingol, Baris; Bird, Sara W.; Bitoun, Marc; Bjedov, Ivana; Blackstone, Craig; Blanc, Lionel; Blanco, Guillermo A.; Blomhoff, Heidi Kiil; Boada-Romero, Emilio; Bockler, Stefan; Boes, Marianne; Boesze-Battaglia, Kathleen; Boise, Lawrence H.; Bolino, Alessandra; Boman, Andrea; Bonaldo, Paolo; Bordi, Matteo; Bosch, Jürgen; Botana, Luis M.; Botti, Joelle; Bou, German; Bouché, Marina; Bouchecareilh, Marion; Boucher, Marie Josée; Boulton, Michael E.; Bouret, Sebastien G.; Boya, Patricia; Boyer-Guittaut, Michaël; Bozhkov, Peter V.; Brady, Nathan; Braga, Vania M.M.; Brancolini, Claudio; Braus, Gerhard H.; Bravosan-Pedro, José M.; Brennan, Lisa A.; Bresnick, Emery H.; Brest, Patrick; Bridges, Dave; Bringer, Marie Agnès; Brini, Marisa; Brito, Glauber C.; Brodin, Bertha; Brookes, Paul S.; Brown, Eric J.; Brown, Karen; Broxmeyer, Hal E.; Bruhat, Alain; Brum, Patricia Chakur; Brumell, John H.; Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola; Bryson-Richardson, Robert J.; Buch, Shilpa; Buchan, Alastair M.; Budak, Hikmet; Bulavin, Dmitry V.; Bultman, Scott J.; Bultynck, Geert; Bumbasirevic, Vladimir; Burelle, Yan; Burke, Robert E.; Burmeister, Margit; Bütikofer, Peter; Caberlotto, Laura; Cadwell, Ken; Cahova, Monika; Cai, Dongsheng; Cai, Jingjing; Cai, Qian; Calatayud, Sara; Camougrand, Nadine; Campanella, Michelangelo; Campbell, Grant R.; Campbell, Matthew; Campello, Silvia; Candau, Robin; Caniggia, Isabella; Cantoni, Lavinia; Cao, Lizhi; Caplan, Allan B.; Caraglia, Michele; Cardinali, Claudio; Cardoso, Sandra Morais; Carew, Jennifer S.; Carleton, Laura A.; Carlin, Cathleen R.; Carloni, Silvia; Carlsson, Sven R.; Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac; Carneiro, Leticia A.M.; Carnevali, Oliana; Carra, Serena; Carrier, Alice; Carroll, Bernadette; Casas, Caty; Casas, Josefina; Cassinelli, Giuliana; Castets, Perrine; Castro-Obregon, Susana; Cavallini, Gabriella; Ceccherini, Isabella; Cecconi, Francesco; Cederbaum, Arthur I.; Ceña, Valentin; Cenci, Simone; Cerella, Claudia; Cervia, Davide; Cetrullo, Silvia; Chaachouay, Hassan; Chae, Han Jung; Chagin, Andrei S.; Chai, Chee Yin; Chakrabarti, Gopal; Chamilos, Georgios; Chan, Edmond Y.W.; Chan, Matthew T.V.; Chandra, Dhyan; Chandra, Pallavi; Chang, Chih Peng; Chang, Raymond Chuen Chung; Chang, Ta Yuan; Chatham, John C.; Chatterjee, Saurabh; Chauhan, Santosh; Che, Yongsheng; Cheetham, Michael E.; Cheluvappa, Rajkumar; Chen, Chun Jung; Chen, Gang; Chen, Guang Chao; Chen, Guoqiang; Chen, Hongzhuan; Chen, Jeff W.; Chen, Jian Kang; Chen, Min; Chen, Mingzhou; Chen, Peiwen; Chen, Qi; Chen, Quan; Chen, Shang Der; Chen, Si; Chen, Steve S.L.; Chen, Wei; Chen, Wei Jung; Chen, Wen Qiang; Chen, Wenli; Chen, Xiangmei; Chen, Yau Hung; Chen, Ye Guang; Chen, Yin; Chen, Yingyu; Chen, Yongshun; Chen, Yu Jen; Chen, Yue Qin; Chen, Yujie; Chen, Zhen; Chen, Zhong; Cheng, Alan; Cheng, Christopher H.K.; Cheng, Hua; Cheong, Heesun; Cherry, Sara; Chesney, Jason; Cheung, Chun Hei Antonio; Chevet, Eric; Chi, Hsiang Cheng; Chi, Sung Gil; Chiacchiera, Fulvio; Chiang, Hui Ling; Chiarelli, Roberto; Chiariello, Mario; Chieppa, Marcello; Chin, Lih Shen; Chiong, Mario; Chiu, Gigi N.C.; Cho, Dong Hyung; Cho, Ssang Goo; Cho, William C.; Cho, Yong Yeon; Cho, Young Seok; Choi, Augustine M.K.; Choi, Eui Ju; Choi, Eun Kyoung; Choi, Jayoung; Choi, Mary E.; Choi, Seung Il; Chou, Tsui Fen; Chouaib, Salem; Choubey, Divaker; Choubey, Vinay; Chow, Kuan Chih; Chowdhury, Kamal; Chu, Charleen T.; Chuang, Tsung Hsien; Chun, Taehoon; Chung, Hyewon; Chung, Taijoon; Chung, Yuen Li; Chwae, Yong Joon; Cianfanelli, Valentina; Ciarcia, Roberto; Ciechomska, Iwona A.; Ciriolo, Maria Rosa; Cirone, Mara; Claerhout, Sofie; Clague, Michael J.; Cl� ria, Joan; Clarke, Peter G.H.; Clarke, Robert; Clementi, Emilio; Cleyrat, Cédric; Cnop, Miriam; Coccia, Eliana M.; Cocco, Tiziana; Codogno, Patrice; Coers, Jorn; Cohen, Ezra E.W.; Colecchia, David; Coletto, Luisa; Coll, Nuria S.; Colucci-Guyon, Emma; Comincini, Sergio; Condello, Maria; Cook, Katherine L.; Coombs, Graham H.; Cooper, Cynthia D.; Cooper, J. Mark; Coppens, Isabelle; Corasaniti, Maria Tiziana; Corazzari, Marco; Corbalan, Ramon; Corcelle-Termeau, Elisabeth; Cordero, Mario D.; Corral-Ramos, Cristina; Corti, Olga; Cossarizza, Andrea; Costelli, Paola; Costes, Safia; Cotman, Susan L.; Coto-Montes, Ana; Cottet, Sandra; Couve, Eduardo; Covey, Lori R.; Cowart, L. Ashley; Cox, Jeffery S.; Coxon, Fraser P.; Coyne, Carolyn B.; Cragg, Mark S.; Craven, Rolf J.; Crepaldi, Tiziana; Crespo, Jose L.; Criollo, Alfredo; Crippa, Valeria; Cruz, Maria Teresa; Cuervo, Ana Maria; Cuezva, Jose M.; Cui, Taixing; Cutillas, Pedro R.; Czaja, Mark J.; Czyzyk-Krzeska, Maria F.; Dagda, Ruben K.; Dahmen, Uta; Dai, Chunsun; Dai, Wenjie; Dai, Yun; Dalby, Kevin N.; Valle, Luisa Dalla; Dalmasso, Guillaume; D'amelio, Marcello; Damme, Markus; Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette; Dargemont, Catherine; Darley-Usmar, Victor M.; Dasarathy, Srinivasan; Dasgupta, Biplab; Dash, Srikanta; Dass, Crispin R.; Davey, Hazel Marie; Davids, Lester M.; Dávila, David; Davis, Roger J.; Dawson, Ted M.; Dawson, Valina L.; Daza, Paula; de Belleroche, Jackie; de Figueiredo, Paul; de Figueiredo, Regina Celia Bressan Queiroz; de la Fuente, José; De Martino, Luisa; De Matteis, Antonella; De Meyer, Guido R.Y.; De Milito, Angelo; De Santi, Mauro; de Souza, Wanderley; De Tata, Vincenzo; De Zio, Daniela; Debnath, Jayanta; Dechant, Reinhard; Decuypere, Jean Paul; Deegan, Shane; Dehay, Benjamin; Del Bello, Barbara; Del Re, Dominic P.; Delage-Mourroux, Régis; Delbridge, Lea M.D.; Deldicque, Louise; Delorme-Axford, Elizabeth; Deng, Yizhen; Dengjel, Joern; Denizot, Melanie; Dent, Paul; Der, Channing J.; Deretic, Vojo; Derrien, Benoît; Deutsch, Eric; Devarenne, Timothy P.; Devenish, Rodney J.; Di Bartolomeo, Sabrina; Di Daniele, Nicola; Di Domenico, Fabio; Di Nardo, Alessia; Di Paola, Simone; Di Pietro, Antonio; Di Renzo, Livia; Di Antonio, Aaron; Diaz-Araya, Guillermo; Diaz-Laviada, Ines; Diaz-Meco, Maria T.; Diaz-Nido, Javier; Dickey, Chad A.; Dickson, Robert C.; Diederich, Marc; Digard, Paul; Dikic, Ivan; Dinesh-Kumar, Savithrama P.; Ding, Chan; Ding, Wen Xing; Ding, Zufeng; Dini, Luciana; Distler, Jorg H.W.; Diwan, Abhinav; Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan; Dmytruk, Kostyantyn; Dobson, Renwick C.J.; Doetsch, Volker; Dokladny, Karol; Dokudovskaya, Svetlana; Donadelli, Massimo; Dong, X. Charlie; Dong, Xiaonan; Dong, Zheng; Donohue, Terrence M.; Donohue-Jr, Terrence M.; Doran, Kelly S.; D'orazi, Gabriella; Dorn, Gerald W.; Dosenko, Victor; Dridi, Sami; Drucker, Liat; Du, Jie; Du, Li Lin; Du, Lihuan; du Toit, André; Dua, Priyamvada; Duan, Lei; Duann, Pu; Dubey, Vikash Kumar; Duchen, Michael R.; Duchosal, Michel A.; Duez, Helene; Dugail, Isabelle; Dumit, Verónica I.; Duncan, Mara C.; Dunlop, Elaine A.; Dunn, William A.; Dupont, Nicolas; Dupuis, Luc; Durán, Raul V.; Durcan, Thomas M.; Duvezin-Caubet, Stéphane; Duvvuri, Umamaheswar; Eapen, Vinay; Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Darius; Echard, Arnaud; Eckhart, Leopold; Edelstein, Charles L.; Edinger, Aimee L.; Eichinger, Ludwig; Eisenberg, Tobias; Eisenberg-Lerner, Avital; Eissa, N. Tony; El-Deiry, Wafik S.; El-Khoury, Victoria; Elazar, Zvulun; Eldar-Finkelman, Hagit; Elliott, Chris J.H.; Emanuele, Enzo; Emmenegger, Urban; Engedal, Nikolai; Engelbrecht, Anna Mart; Engelender, Simone; Enserink, Jorrit M.; Erdmann, Ralf; Erenpreisa, Jekaterina; Eri, Rajaraman; Eriksen, Jason L.; Erman, Andreja; Escalante, Ricardo; Eskelinen, Eeva Liisa; Espert, Lucile; Esteban-Martinez, Lorena; Evans, Thomas J.; Fabri, Mario; Fabrias, Gemma; Fabrizi, Cinzia; Facchiano, Antonio; Færgeman, Nils J.; Faggioni, Alberto; Fairlie, W. Douglas; Fan, Chunhai; Fan, Daping; Fan, Jie; Fang, Shengyun; Fanto, Manolis; Fanzani, Alessandro; Farkas, Thomas; Faure, Mathias; Favier, Francois B.; Fearnhead, Howard; Federici, Massimo; Fei, Erkang; Felizardo, Tania C.; Feng, Hua; Feng, Yibin; Feng, Yuchen; Ferguson, Thomas A.; Fernández, Ãlvaro F.; Fernandez-Barrena, Maite G.; Fernandez-Checa, Jose C.; Fernández-López, Arsenio; Fernandez-Zapico, Martin E.; Feron, Olivier; Ferraro, Elisabetta; Ferreira-Halder, Carmen Verissima; Fesus, Laszlo; Feuer, Ralph; Fiesel, Fabienne C.; Filippi-Chiela, Eduardo C.; Filomeni, Giuseppe; Fimia, Gian Maria; Fingert, John H.; Finkbeiner, Steven; Finkel, Toren; Fiorito, Filomena; Fisher, Paul B.; Flajolet, Marc; Flamigni, Flavio; Florey, Oliver; Florio, Salvatore; Floto, R. Andres; Folini, Marco; Follo, Carlo; Fon, Edward A.; Fornai, Francesco; Fortunato, Franco; Fraldi, Alessandro; Franco, Rodrigo; Francois, Arnaud; François, Aurélie; Frankel, Lisa B.; Fraser, Iain D.C.; Frey, Norbert; Freyssenet, Damien G.; Frezza, Christian; Friedman, Scott L.; Frigo, Daniel E.; Fu, Dongxu; Fuentes, José M.; Fueyo, Juan; Fujitani, Yoshio; Fujiwara, Yuuki; Fujiya, Mikihiro; Fukuda, Mitsunori; Fulda, Simone; Fusco, Carmela; Gabryel, Bozena; Gaestel, Matthias; Gailly, Philippe; Gajewska, Malgorzata; Galadari, Sehamuddin; Galili, Gad; Galindo, Inmaculada; Galindo, Maria F.; Galliciotti, Giovanna; Galluzzi, Lorenzo; Galluzzi, Luca; Galy, Vincent; Gammoh, Noor; Gandy, Sam; Ganesan, Anand K.; Ganesan, Swamynathan; Ganley, Ian G.; Gannagé, Monique; Gao, Fen Biao; Gao, Feng; Gao, Jian Xin; Nannig, Lorena Garcia; Véscovi, Eleonora Garcia; Garcia-Macia, Marina; Garcia-Ruiz, Carmen; Garg, Abhishek D.; Garg, Pramod Kumar; Gargini, Ricardo; Gassen, Nils Christian; Gatica, Damián; Gatti, Evelina; Gavard, Julie; Gavathiotis, Evripidis; Ge, Liang; Ge, Pengfei; Ge, Shengfang; Gean, Po Wu; Gelmetti, Vania; Genazzani, Armando A.; Geng, Jiefei; Genschik, Pascal; Gerner, Lisa; Gestwicki, Jason E.; Gewirtz, David A.; Ghavami, Saeid; Ghigo, Eric; Ghosh, Debabrata; Giammarioli, Anna Maria; Giampieri, Francesca; Giampietri, Claudia; Giatromanolaki, Alexandra; Gibbings, Derrick J.; Gibellini, Lara; Gibson, Spencer B.; Ginet, Vanessa; Giordano, Antonio; Giorgini, Flaviano; Giovannetti, Elisa; Girardin, Stephen E.; Gispert, Suzana; Giuliano, Sandy; Gladson, Candece L.; Glavic, Alvaro; Gleave, Martin; Godefroy, Nelly; Gogal, Robert M.; Gokulan, Kuppan; Goldman, Gustavo H.; Goletti, Delia; Goligorsky, Michael S.; Gomes, Aldrin V.; Gomes, Ligia C.; Gomez, Hernando; Gomez-Manzano, Candelaria; Gómez-Sánchez, Rubén; Gonçalves, Dawit A.P.; Goncu, Ebru; Gong, Qingqiu; Gongora, Céline; Gonzalez, Carlos B.; Gonzalez-Alegre, Pedro; Gonzalez-Cabo, Pilar; González-Polo, Rosa Ana; Goping, Ing Swie; Gorbea, Carlos; Gorbunov, Nikolai V.; Goring, Daphne R.; Gorman, Adrienne M.; Gorski, Sharon M.; Goruppi, Sandro; Goto-Yamada, Shino; Gotor, Cecilia; Gottlieb, Roberta A.; Gozes, Illana; Gozuacik, Devrim; Graba, Yacine; Graef, Martin; Granato, Giovanna E.; Grant, Gary Dean; Grant, Steven; Gravina, Giovanni Luca; Green, Douglas R.; Greenhough, Alexander; Greenwood, Michael T.; Grimaldi, Benedetto; Gros, Frédéric; Grose, Charles; Groulx, Jean Francois; Gruber, Florian; Grumati, Paolo; Grune, Tilman; Guan, Jun Lin; Guan, Kun Liang; Guerra, Barbara; Guillen, Carlos; Gulshan, Kailash; Gunst, Jan; Guo, Chuanyong; Guo, Lei; Guo, Ming; Guo, Wenjie; Guo, Xu Guang; Gust, Andrea A.; Gustafsson, Ã…sa B.; Gutierrez, Elaine; Gutierrez, Maximiliano G.; Gwak, Ho Shin; Haas, Albert; Haber, James E.; Hadano, Shinji; Hagedorn, Monica; Hahn, David R.; Halayko, Andrew J.; Hamacher-Brady, Anne; Hamada, Kozo; Hamai, Ahmed; Hamann, Andrea; Hamasaki, Maho; Hamer, Isabelle; Hamid, Qutayba; Hammond, Ester M.; Han, Feng; Han, Weidong; Handa, James T.; Hanover, John A.; Hansen, Malene; Harada, Masaru; Harhaji-Trajkovic, Ljubica; Harper, J. Wade; Harrath, Abdel Halim; Harris, Adrian L.; Harris, James; Hasler, Udo; Hasselblatt, Peter; Hasui, Kazuhisa; Hawley, Robert G.; Hawley, Teresa S.; He, Congcong; He, Cynthia Y.; He, Fengtian; He, Gu; He, Rong Rong; He, Xian Hui; He, You Wen; He, Yu Ying; Heath, Joan K.; Hébert, Marie Josée; Heinzen, Robert A.; Helgason, Gudmundur Vignir; Hensel, Michael; Henske, Elizabeth P.; Her, Chengtao; Herman, Paul K.; Hernández, Agustin; Hernandez, Carlos; Hernández-Tiedra, Sonia; Hetz, Claudio; Hiesinger, P. Robin; Higaki, Katsumi; Hilfiker, Sabine; Hill, Bradford G.; Hill, Joseph A.; Hill, William D.; Hino, Keisuke; Hofius, Daniel; Hofman, Paul; Hoglinger, Günter U.; Hohfeld, Jorg; Holz, Marina K.; Hong, Yonggeun; Hood, David A.; Hoozemans, Jeroen J.M.; Hoppe, Thorsten; Hsu, Chin; Hsu, Chin Yuan; Hsu, Li Chung; Hu, Dong; Hu, Guochang; Hu, Hong Ming; Hu, Hongbo; Hu, Ming Chang; Hu, Yu Chen; Hu, Zhuo Wei; Hua, Fang; Hua, Ya; Huang, Canhua; Huang, Huey Lan; Huang, Kuo How; Huang, Kuo Yang; Huang, Shile; Huang, Shiqian; Huang, Wei Pang; Huang, Yi Ran; Huang, Yong; Huang, Yunfei; Huber, Tobias B.; Huebbe, Patricia; Huh, Won Ki; Hulmi, Juha J.; Hur, Gang Min; Hurley, James H.; Husak, Zvenyslava; Hussain, Sabah N.A.; Hussain, Salik; Hwang, Jung Jin; Hwang, Seungmin; Hwang, Thomas I.S.; Ichihara, Atsuhiro; Imai, Yuzuru; Imbriano, Carol; Inomata, Megumi; Into, Takeshi; Iovane, Valentina; Iovanna, Juan L.; Iozzo, Renato V.; Ip, Nancy Y.; Irazoqui, Javier E.; Iribarren, Pablo; Isaka, Yoshitaka; Isakovic, Aleksandra J.; Ischiropoulos, Harry; Isenberg, Jeffrey S.; Ishaq, Mohammad; Ishida, Hiroyuki; Ishii, Isao; Ishmael, Jane E.; Isidoro, Ciro; Isobe, Ken Ichi; Isono, Erika; Issazadeh-Navikas, Shohreh; Itahana, Koji; Itakura, Eisuke; Ivanov, Andrei I.; Iyer, Anand Krishnan V.; Izquierdo, José M.; Izumi, Yotaro; Izzo, Valentina; Jäättelä, Marja; Jaber, Nadia; Jackson, Daniel John; Jackson, William T.; Jacob, Tony George; Jacques, Thomas S.; Jagannath, Chinnaswamy; Jain, Ashish; Jana, Nihar Ranjan; Jang, Byoung Kuk; Jani, Alkesh; Janji, Bassam; Jannig, Paulo Roberto; Jansson, Patric J.; Jean, Steve; Jendrach, Marina; Jeon, Ju Hong; Jessen, Niels; Jeung, Eui Bae; Jia, Kailiang; Jia, Lijun; Jiang, Hong; Jiang, Hongchi; Jiang, Liwen; Jiang, Teng; Jiang, Xiaoyan; Jiang, Xuejun; Jiang, Ying; Jiang, Yongjun; Jiménez, Alberto; Jin, Cheng; Jin, Hongchuan; Jin, Lei; Jin, Meiyan; Jin, Shengkan; Jinwal, Umesh Kumar; Jo, Eun Kyeong; Johansen, Terje; Johnson, Daniel E.; Johnson, Gail V.W.; Johnson, James D.; Jonasch, Eric; Jones, Chris; Joosten, Leo A.B.; Jordan, Joaquin; Joseph, Anna Maria; Joseph, Bertrand; Joubert, Annie M.; Ju, Dianwen; Ju, Jingfang; Juan, Hsueh Fen; Juenemann, Katrin; Juhász, Gábor; Jung, Hye Seung; Jung, Jae U.; Jung, Yong Keun; Jungbluth, Heinz; Justice, Matthew J.; Jutten, Barry; Kaakoush, Nadeem O.; Kaarniranta, Kai; Kaasik, Allen; Kabuta, Tomohiro; Kaeffer, Bertrand; KÃ¥gedal, Katarina; Kahana, Alon; Kajimura, Shingo; Kakhlon, Or; Kalia, Manjula; Kalvakolanu, Dhan V.; Kamada, Yoshiaki; Kambas, Konstantinos; Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O.; Kampinga, Harm H.; Kandouz, Mustapha; Kang, Chanhee; Kang, Rui; Kang, Tae Cheon; Kanki, Tomotake; Kanneganti, Thirumala Devi; Kanno, Haruo; Kanthasamy, Anumantha G.; Kantorow, Marc; Kaparakis-Liaskos, Maria; Kapuy, Orsolya; Karantza, Vassiliki; Karim, Md Razaul; Karmakar, Parimal; Kaser, Arthur; Kaushik, Susmita; Kawula, Thomas; Kaynar, A. Murat; Ke, Po Yuan; Ke, Zun Ji; Kehrl, John H.; Keller, Kate E.; Kemper, Jongsook Kim; Kenworthy, Anne K.; Kepp, Oliver; Kern, Andreas; Kesari, Santosh; Kessel, David; Ketteler, Robin; Kettelhut, Isis do Carmo; Khambu, Bilon; Khan, Muzamil Majid; Khandelwal, Vinoth K.M.; Khare, Sangeeta; Kiang, Juliann G.; Kiger, Amy A.; Kihara, Akio; Kim, Arianna L.; Kim, Cheol Hyeon; Kim, Deok Ryong; Kim, Do Hyung; Kim, Eung Kweon; Kim, Hye Young; Kim, Hyung Ryong; Kim, Jae Sung; Kim, Jeong Hun; Kim, Jin Cheon; Kim, Jin Hyoung; Kim, Kwang Woon; Kim, Michael D.; Kim, Moon Moo; Kim, Peter K.; Kim, Seong Who; Kim, Soo Youl; Kim, Yong Sun; Kim, Yonghyun; Kimchi, Adi; Kimmelman, Alec C.; Kimura, Tomonori; King, Jason S.; Kirkegaard, Karla; Kirkin, Vladimir; Kirshenbaum, Lorrie A.; Kishi, Shuji; Kitajima, Yasuo; Kitamoto, Katsuhiko; Kitaoka, Yasushi; Kitazato, Kaio; Kley, Rudolf A.; Klimecki, Walter T.; Klinkenberg, Michael; Klucken, Jochen; Knævelsrud, Helene; Knecht, Erwin; Knuppertz, Laura; Ko, Jiunn Liang; Kobayashi, Satoru; Koch, Jan C.; Koechlin-Ramonatxo, Christelle; Koenig, Ulrich; Koh, Young Ho; Kohler, Katja; Kohlwein, Sepp D.; Koike, Masato; Komatsu, Masaaki; Kominami, Eiki; Kong, Dexin; Kong, Hee Jeong; Konstantakou, Eumorphia G.; Kopp, Benjamin T.; Korcsmaros, Tamas; Korhonen, Laura; Korolchuk, Viktor I.; Koshkina, Nadya V.; Kou, Yanjun; Koukourakis, Michael I.; Koumenis, Constantinos; Kovács, Attila L.; Kovács, Tibor; Kovacs, Werner J.; Koya, Daisuke; Kraft, Claudine; Krainc, Dimitri; Kramer, Helmut; Kravic-Stevovic, Tamara; Krek, Wilhelm; Kretz-Remy, Carole; Krick, Roswitha; Krishnamurthy, Malathi; Kriston-Vizi, Janos; Kroemer, Guido; Kruer, Michael C.; Kruger, Rejko; Ktistakis, Nicholas T.; Kuchitsu, Kazuyuki; Kuhn, Christian; Kumar, Addanki Pratap; Kumar, Anuj; Kumar, Ashok; Kumar, Deepak; Kumar, Dhiraj; Kumar, Rakesh; Kumar, Sharad; Kundu, Mondira; Kung, Hsing Jien; Kuno, Atsushi; Kuo, Sheng Han; Kuret, Jeff; Kurz, Tino; Kwok, Terry; Kwon, Taeg Kyu; Kwon, Yong Tae; Kyrmizi, Irene; La Spada, Albert R.; Lafont, Frank; Lahm, Tim; Lakkaraju, Aparna; Lam, Truong; Lamark, Trond; Lancel, Steve; Landowski, Terry H.; Lane, Darius J.R.; Lane, Jon D.; Lanzi, Cinzia; Lapaquette, Pierre; Lapierre, Louis R.; Laporte, Jocelyn; Laukkarinen, Johanna; Laurie, Gordon W.; Lavandero, Sergio; Lavie, Lena; Lavoie, Matthew J.; Law, Betty Yuen Kwan; Law, Helen Ka Wai; Law, Kelsey B.; Layfield, Robert; Lazo, Pedro A.; Le Cam, Laurent; Le Roch, Karine G.; Le Stunff, Hervé; Leardkamolkarn, Vijittra; Lecuit, Marc; Lee, Byung Hoon; Lee, Che Hsin; Lee, Erinna F.; Lee, Gyun Min; Lee, He Jin; Lee, Hsinyu; Lee, Jae Keun; Lee, Jongdae; Lee, Ju Hyun; Lee, Jun Hee; Lee, Michael; Lee, Myung Shik; Lee, Patty J.; Lee, Sam W.; Lee, Seung Jae; Lee, Shiow Ju; Lee, Stella Y.; Lee, Sug Hyung; Lee, Sung Sik; Lee, Sung Joon; Lee, Sunhee; Lee, Ying Ray; Lee, Yong J.; Lee, Young H.; Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan; Lefort, Sylvain; Legouis, Renaud; Lei, Jinzhi; Lei, Qun Ying; Leib, David A.; Leibowitz, Gil; Lekli, Istvan; Lemaire, Stéphane D.; Lemasters, John J.; Lemberg, Marius K.; Lemoine, Antoinette; Leng, Shuilong; Lenz, Guido; Lenzi, Paola; Lerman, Lilach O.; Barbato, Daniele Lettieri; Leu, Julia I.Ju; Leung, Hing Y.; Levine, Beth; Lewis, Patrick A.; Lezoualch, Frank; Li, Chi; Li, Faqiang; Li, Feng Jun; Li, Jun; Li, Ke; Li, Lian; Li, Min; Li, Qiang; Li, Rui; Li, Sheng; Li, Wei; Li, Xiaotao; Li, Yumin; Lian, Jiqin; Liang, Chengyu; Liang, Qiangrong; Liao, Yulin; Liberal, Joana; Liberski, Pawel P.; Lie, Pearl; Lieberman, Andrew P.; Lim, Hyunjung Jade; Lim, Kah Leong; Lim, Kyu; Lima, Raquel T.; Lin, Chang Shen; Lin, Chiou Feng; Lin, Fang; Lin, Fangming; Lin, Fu Cheng; Lin, Kui; Lin, Kwang Huei; Lin, Pei Hui; Lin, Tianwei; Lin, Wan Wan; Lin, Yee Shin; Lin, Yong; Linden, Rafael; Lindholm, Dan; Lindqvist, Lisa M.; Lingor, Paul; Linkermann, Andreas; Liotta, Lance A.; Lipinski, Marta M.; Lira, Vitor A.; Lisanti, Michael P.; Liton, Paloma B.; Liu, Bo; Liu, Chong; Liu, Chun Feng; Liu, Fei; Liu, Hung Jen; Liu, Jianxun; Liu, Jing Jing; Liu, Jing Lan; Liu, Ke; Liu, Leyuan; Liu, Liang; Liu, Quentin; Liu, Rong Yu; Liu, Shiming; Liu, Shuwen; Liu, Wei; Liu, Xian De; Liu, Xiangguo; Liu, Xiao Hong; Liu, Xinfeng; Liu, Xu; Liu, Xueqin; Liu, Yang; Liu, Yule; Liu, Zexian; Liu, Zhe; Liuzzi, Juan P.; Lizard, Gérard; Ljujic, Mila; Lodhi, Irfan J.; Logue, Susan E.; Lokeshwar, Bal L.; Long, Yun Chau; Lonial, Sagar; Loos, Benjamin; López-Otin, Carlos; López-Vicario, Cristina; Lorente, Mar; Lorenzi, Philip L.; Lõrincz, Péter; Los, Marek; Lotze, Michael T.; Lovat, Penny E.; Lu, Binfeng; Lu, Bo; Lu, Jiahong; Lu, Qing; Lu, She Min; Lu, Shuyan; Lu, Yingying; Luciano, Frédéric; Luckhart, Shirley; Lucocq, John Milton; Ludovico, Paula; Lugea, Aurelia; Lukacs, Nicholas W.; Lum, Julian J.; Lund, Anders H.; Luo, Honglin; Luo, Jia; Luo, Shouqing; Luparello, Claudio; Lyons, Timothy; Ma, Jianjie; Ma, Yi; Ma, Yong; Ma, Zhenyi; Machado, Juliano; Machado-Santelli, Glaucia M.; Macian, Fernando; MacIntosh, Gustavo C.; MacKeigan, Jeffrey P.; Macleod, Kay F.; MacMicking, John D.; MacMillan-Crow, Lee Ann; Madeo, Frank; Madesh, Muniswamy; Madrigal-Matute, Julio; Maeda, Akiko; Maeda, Tatsuya; Maegawa, Gustavo; Maellaro, Emilia; Maes, Hannelore; Magariños, Marta; Maiese, Kenneth; Maiti, Tapas K.; Maiuri, Luigi; Maiuri, Maria Chiara; Maki, Carl G.; Malli, Roland; Malorni, Walter; Maloyan, Alina; Mami-Chouaib, Fathia; Man, Na; Mancias, Joseph D.; Mandelkow, Eva Maria; Mandell, Michael A.; Manfredi, Angelo A.; Manié, Serge N.; Manzoni, Claudia; Mao, Kai; Mao, Zixu; Mao, Zong Wan; Marambaud, Philippe; Marconi, Anna Maria; Marelja, Zvonimir; Marfe, Gabriella; Margeta, Marta; Margittai, Eva; Mari, Muriel; Mariani, Francesca V.; Marin, Concepcio; Marinelli, Sara; Mariño, Guillermo; Markovic, Ivanka; Marquez, Rebecca; Martelli, Alberto M.; Martens, Sascha; Martin, Katie R.; Martin, Seamus J.; Martin, Shaun; Martin-Acebes, Miguel A.; Martin-Sanz, Paloma; Martinand-Mari, Camille; Martinet, Wim; Martinez, Jennifer; Martinez-Lopez, Nuria; Martinez-Outschoorn, Ubaldo; Martinez-Velázquez, Moisés; Martinez-Vicente, Marta; Martins, Waleska Kerllen; Mashima, Hirosato; Mastrianni, James A.; Matarese, Giuseppe; Matarrese, Paola; Mateo, Roberto; Matoba, Satoaki; Matsumoto, Naomichi; Matsushita, Takehiko; Matsuura, Akira; Matsuzawa, Takeshi; Mattson, Mark P.; Matus, Soledad; Maugeri, Norma; Mauvezin, Caroline; Mayer, Andreas; Maysinger, Dusica; Mazzolini, Guillermo D.; McBrayer, Mary Kate; McCall, Kimberly; McCormick, Craig; McInerney, Gerald M.; McIver, Skye C.; McKenna, Sharon; McMahon, John J.; McNeish, Iain A.; Mechta-Grigoriou, Fatima; Medema, Jan Paul; Medina, Diego L.; Megyeri, Klara; Mehrpour, Maryam; Mehta, Jawahar L.; Mei, Yide; Meier, Ute Christiane; Meijer, Alfred J.; Meléndez, Alicia; Melino, Gerry; Melino, Sonia; de Melo, Edesio Jose Tenorio; Mena, Maria A.; Meneghini, Marc D.; Menendez, Javier A.; Menezes, Regina; Meng, Liesu; Meng, Ling Hua; Meng, Songshu; Menghini, Rossella; Menko, A. Sue; Menna-Barreto, Rubem F.S.; Menon, Manoj B.; Meraz-Rios, Marco A.; Merla, Giuseppe; Merlini, Luciano; Merlot, Angelica M.; Meryk, Andreas; Meschini, Stefania; Meyer, Joel N.; Mi, Man Tian; Miao, Chao Yu; Micale, Lucia; Michaeli, Simon; Michiels, Carine; Migliaccio, Anna Rita; Mihailidou, Anastasia Susie; Mijaljica, Dalibor; Mikoshiba, Katsuhiko; Milan, Enrico; Miller-Fleming, Leonor; Mills, Gordon B.; Mills, Ian G.; Minakaki, Georgia; Minassian, Berge A.; Ming, Xiu Fen; Minibayeva, Farida; Minina, Elena A.; Mintern, Justine D.; Minucci, Saverio; Miranda-Vizuete, Antonio; Mitchell, Claire H.; Miyamoto, Shigeki; Miyazawa, Keisuke; Mizushima, Noboru; Mnich, Katarzyna; Mograbi, Baharia; Mohseni, Simin; Moita, Luis Ferreira; Molinari, Marco; Molinari, Maurizio; Møller, Andreas Buch; Mollereau, Bertrand; Mollinedo, Faustino; Mongillo, Marco; Monick, Martha M.; Montagnaro, Serena; Montell, Craig; Moore, Darren J.; Moore, Michael N.; Mora-Rodriguez, Rodrigo; Moreira, Paula I.; Morel, Etienne; Morelli, Maria Beatrice; Moreno, Sandra; Morgan, Michael J.; Moris, Arnaud; Moriyasu, Yuji; Morrison, Janna L.; Morrison, Lynda A.; Morselli, Eugenia; Moscat, Jorge; Moseley, Pope L.; Mostowy, Serge; Motori, Elisa; Mottet, Denis; Mottram, Jeremy C.; Moussa, Charbel E.H.; Mpakou, Vassiliki E.; Mukhtar, Hasan; Levy, Jean M.Mulcahy; Muller, Sylviane; Muñoz-Moreno, Raquel; Muñoz-Pinedo, Cristina; Münz, Christian; Murphy, Maureen E.; Murray, James T.; Murthy, Aditya; Mysorekar, Indira U.; Nabi, Ivan R.; Nabissi, Massimo; Nader, Gustavo A.; Nagahara, Yukitoshi; Nagai, Yoshitaka; Nagata, Kazuhiro; Nagelkerke, Anika; Nagy, Péter; Naidu, Samisubbu R.; Nair, Sreejayan; Nakano, Hiroyasu; Nakatogawa, Hitoshi; Nanjundan, Meera; Napolitano, Gennaro; Naqvi, Naweed I.; Nardacci, Roberta; Narendra, Derek P.; Narita, Masashi; Nascimbeni, Anna Chiara; Natarajan, Ramesh; Navegantes, Luiz C.; Nawrocki, Steffan T.; Nazarko, Taras Y.; Nazarko, Volodymyr Y.; Neill, Thomas; Neri, Luca M.; Netea, Mihai G.; Netea-Maier, Romana T.; Neves, Bruno M.; Ney, Paul A.; Nezis, Ioannis P.; Nguyen, Hang T.T.; Nguyen, Huu Phuc; Nicot, Anne Sophie; Nilsen, Hilde; Nilsson, Per; Nishimura, Mikio; Nishino, Ichizo; Niso-Santano, Mireia; Niu, Hua; Nixon, Ralph A.; Njar, Vincent C.O.; Noda, Takeshi; Noegel, Angelika A.; Nolte, Elsie Magdalena; Norberg, Erik; Norga, Koenraad K.; Noureini, Sakineh Kazemi; Notomi, Shoji; Notterpek, Lucia; Nowikovsky, Karin; Nukina, Nobuyuki; Nürnberger, Thorsten; O'donnell, Valerie B.; O'donovan, Tracey; O'dwyer, Peter J.; Oehme, Ina; Oeste, Clara L.; Ogawa, Michinaga; Ogretmen, Besim; Ogura, Yuji; Oh, Young J.; Ohmuraya, Masaki; Ohshima, Takayuki; Ojha, Rani; Okamoto, Koji; Okazaki, Toshiro; Oliver, F. Javier; Ollinger, Karin; Olsson, Stefan; Orban, Daniel P.; Ordonez, Paulina; Orhon, Idil; Orosz, Laszlo; O'rourke, Eyleen J.; Orozco, Helena; Ortega, Angel L.; Ortona, Elena; Osellame, Laura D.; Oshima, Junko; Oshima, Shigeru; Osiewacz, Heinz D.; Otomo, Takanobu; Otsu, Kinya; Ou, Jing Hsiung James; Outeiro, Tiago F.; Ouyang, Dong Yun; Ouyang, Hongjiao; Overholtzer, Michael; Ozbun, Michelle A.; Ozdinler, P. Hande; Ozpolat, Bulent; Pacelli, Consiglia; Paganetti, Paolo; Page, Guyléne; Pages, Gilles; Pagnini, Ugo; Pajak, Beata; Pak, Stephen C.; Pakos-Zebrucka, Karolina; Pakpour, Nazzy; Palková, Zdena; Palladino, Francesca; Pallauf, Kathrin; Pallet, Nicolas; Palmieri, Marta; Paludan, Søren R.; Palumbo, Camilla; Palumbo, Silvia; Pampliega, Olatz; Pan, Hongming; Pan, Wei; Panaretakis, Theocharis; Pandey, Aseem; Pantazopoulou, Areti; Papackova, Zuzana; Papademetrio, Daniela L.; Papassideri, Issidora; Papini, Alessio; Parajuli, Nirmala; Pardo, Julian; Parekh, Vrajesh V.; Parenti, Giancarlo; Park, Jong In; Park, Junsoo; Park, Ohkmae K.; Parker, Roy; Parlato, Rosanna; Parys, Jan B.; Parzych, Katherine R.; Pasquet, Jean Max; Pasquier, Benoit; Pasumarthi, Kishore B.S.; Patschan, Daniel; Pattingre, Sophie; Pattison, Scott; Pause, Arnim; Pavenstädt, Hermann; Pavone, Flaminia; Pedrozo, Zully; Peña, Fernando J.; Peñalva, Miguel A.; Pende, Mario; Peng, Jianxin; Penna, Fabio; Penninger, Josef M.; Pensalfini, Anna; Pepe, Salvatore; Pereira, Gustavo J.S.; Pereira, Paulo C.; de la Cruz, Verónica Pérez; Pérez-Pérez, Maria Esther; Pérez-Rodriguez, Diego; Pérez-Sala, Dolores; Perier, Celine; Perl, Andras; Perlmutter, David H.; Perrotta, Ida; Pervaiz, Shazib; Pesonen, Maija; Pessin, Jeffrey E.; Peters, Godefridus J.; Petersen, Morten; Petrache, Irina; Petrof, Basil J.; Petrovski, Goran; Phang, James M.; Piacentini, Mauro; Pierdominici, Marina; Pierre, Philippe; Pierrefite-Carle, Valérie; Pietrocola, Federico; Pimentel-Muiños, Felipe X.; Pinar, Mario; Pineda, Benjamin; Pinkas-Kramarski, Ronit; Pinti, Marcello; Pinton, Paolo; Piperdi, Bilal; Piret, James M.; Platanias, Leonidas C.; Platta, Harald W.; Plowey, Edward D.; Poggeler, Stefanie; Poirot, Marc; Polcic, Peter; Poletti, Angelo; Poon, Audrey H.; Popelka, Hana; Popova, Blagovesta; Poprawa, Izabela; Poulose, Shibu M.; Poulton, Joanna; Powers, Scott K.; Powers, Ted; Pozuelo-Rubio, Mercedes; Prak, Krisna; Prange, Reinhild; Prescott, Mark; Priault, Muriel; Prince, Sharon; Proia, Richard L.; Proikas-Cezanne, Tassula; Prokisch, Holger; Promponas, Vasilis J.; Przyklenk, Karin; Puertollano, Rosa; Pugazhenthi, Subbiah; Puglielli, Luigi; Pujol, Aurora; Puyal, Julien; Pyeon, Dohun; Qi, Xin; Qian, Wen Bin; Qin, Zheng Hong; Qiu, Yu; Qu, Ziwei; Quadrilatero, Joe; Quinn, Frederick; Raben, Nina; Rabinowich, Hannah; Radogna, Flavia; Ragusa, Michael J.; Rahmani, Mohamed; Raina, Komal; Ramanadham, Sasanka; Ramesh, Rajagopal; Rami, Abdelhaq; Randall-Demllo, Sarron; Randow, Felix; Rao, Hai; Rao, V. Ashutosh; Rasmussen, Blake B.; Rasse, Tobias M.; Ratovitski, Edward A.; Rautou, Pierre Emmanuel; Ray, Swapan K.; Razani, Babak; Reed, Bruce H.; Reggiori, Fulvio; Rehm, Markus; Reichert, Andreas S.; Rein, Theo; Reiner, David J.; Reits, Eric; Ren, Jun; Ren, Xingcong; Renna, Maurizio; Reusch, Jane E.B.; Revuelta, Jose L.; Reyes, Leticia; Rezaie, Alireza R.; Richards, Robert I.; Richardson, Des R.; Richetta, Clémence; Riehle, Michael A.; Rihn, Bertrand H.; Rikihisa, Yasuko; Riley, Brigit E.; Rimbach, Gerald; Rippo, Maria Rita; Ritis, Konstantinos; Rizzi, Federica; Rizzo, Elizete; Roach, Peter J.; Robbins, Jeffrey; Roberge, Michel; Roca, Gabriela; Roccheri, Maria Carmela; Rocha, Sonia; Rodrigues, Cecilia M.P.; Rodriguez, Clara I.; de Cordoba, Santiago Rodriguez; Rodriguez-Muela, Natalia; Roelofs, Jeroen; Rogov, Vladimir V.; Rohn, Troy T.; Rohrer, Bärbel; Romanelli, Davide; Romani, Luigina; Romano, Patricia Silvia; Roncero, M. Isabel G.; Rosa, Jose Luis; Rosello, Alicia; Rosen, Kirill V.; Rosenstiel, Philip; Rost-Roszkowska, Magdalena; Roth, Kevin A.; Roué, Gael; Rouis, Mustapha; Rouschop, Kasper M.; Ruan, Daniel T.; Ruano, Diego; Rubinsztein, David C.; Rucker, Edmund B.; Rudich, Assaf; Rudolf, Emil; Rudolf, Ruediger; Ruegg, Markus A.; Ruiz-Roldan, Carmen; Ruparelia, Avnika Ashok; Rusmini, Paola; Russ, David W.; Russo, Gian Luigi; Russo, Giuseppe; Russo, Rossella; Rusten, Tor Erik; Ryabovol, Victoria; Ryan, Kevin M.; Ryter, Stefan W.; Sabatini, David M.; Sacher, Michael; Sachse, Carsten; Sack, Michael N.; Sadoshima, Junichi; Saftig, Paul; Sagi-Eisenberg, Ronit; Sahni, Sumit; Saikumar, Pothana; Saito, Tsunenori; Saitoh, Tatsuya; Sakakura, Koichi; Sakoh-Nakatogawa, Machiko; Sakuraba, Yasuhito; Salazar-Roa, Maria; Salomoni, Paolo; Saluja, Ashok K.; Salvaterra, Paul M.; Salvioli, Rosa; Samali, Afshin; Sanchez, Anthony M.J.; Sánchez-Alcázar, José A.; Sanchez-Prieto, Ricardo; Sandri, Marco; Sanjuan, Miguel A.; Santaguida, Stefano; Santambrogio, Laura; Santoni, Giorgio; Dos Santos, Claudia Nunes; Saran, Shweta; Sardiello, Marco; Sargent, Graeme; Sarkar, Pallabi; Sarkar, Sovan; Sarrias, Maria Rosa; Sarwal, Minnie M.; Sasakawa, Chihiro; Sasaki, Motoko; Sass, Miklos; Sato, Ken; Sato, Miyuki; Satriano, Joseph; Savaraj, Niramol; Saveljeva, Svetlana; Schaefer, Liliana; Schaible, Ulrich E.; Scharl, Michael; Schatzl, Hermann M.; Schekman, Randy; Scheper, Wiep; Schiavi, Alfonso; Schipper, Hyman M.; Schmeisser, Hana; Schmidt, Jens; Schmitz, Ingo; Schneider, Bianca E.; Schneider, E. Marion; Schneider, Jaime L.; Schon, Eric A.; Schonenberger, Miriam J.; Schonthal, Axel H.; Schorderet, Daniel F.; Schroder, Bernd; Schuck, Sebastian; Schulze, Ryan J.; Schwarten, Melanie; Schwarz, Thomas L.; Sciarretta, Sebastiano; Scotto, Kathleen; Scovassi, A. Ivana; Screaton, Robert A.; Screen, Mark; Seca, Hugo; Sedej, Simon; Segatori, Laura; Segev, Nava; Seglen, Per O.; Segui-Simarro, Jose M.; Segura-Aguilar, Juan; Seiliez, Iban; Seki, Ekihiro; Sell, Christian; Semenkovich, Clay F.; Semenza, Gregg L.; Sen, Utpal; Serra, Andreas L.; Serrano-Puebla, Ana; Sesaki, Hiromi; Setoguchi, Takao; Settembre, Carmine; Shacka, John J.; Shajahan-Haq, Ayesha N.; Shapiro, Irving M.; Sharma, Shweta; She, Hua; Shen, C. K.James; Shen, Chiung Chyi; Shen, Han Ming; Shen, Sanbing; Shen, Weili; Sheng, Rui; Sheng, Xianyong; Sheng, Zu Hang; Shepherd, Trevor G.; Shi, Junyan; Shi, Qiang; Shi, Qinghua; Shi, Yuguang; Shibutani, Shusaku; Shibuya, Kenichi; Shidoji, Yoshihiro; Shieh, Jeng Jer; Shih, Chwen Ming; Shimada, Yohta; Shimizu, Shigeomi; Shin, Dong Wook; Shinohara, Mari L.; Shintani, Michiko; Shintani, Takahiro; Shioi, Tetsuo; Shirabe, Ken; Shiri-Sverdlov, Ronit; Shirihai, Orian; Shore, Gordon C.; Shu, Chih Wen; Shukla, Deepak; Sibirny, Andriy A.; Sica, Valentina; Sigurdson, Christina J.; Sigurdsson, Einar M.; Sijwali, Puran Singh; Sikorska, Beata; Silveira, Wilian A.; Silvente-Poirot, Sandrine; Silverman, Gary A.; Simak, Jan; Simmet, Thomas; Simon, Anna Katharina; Simon, Hans Uwe; Simone, Cristiano; Simons, Matias; Simonsen, Anne; Singh, Rajat; Singh, Shivendra V.; Singh, Shrawan K.; Sinha, Debasish; Sinha, Sangita; Sinicrope, Frank A.; Sirko, Agnieszka; Sirohi, Kapil; Sishi, Balindiwe J.N.; Sittler, Annie; Siu, Parco M.; Sivridis, Efthimios; Skwarska, Anna; Slack, Ruth; Slaninová, Iva; Slavov, Nikolai; Smaili, Soraya S.; Smalley, Keiran S.M.; Smith, Duncan R.; Soenen, Stefaan J.; Soleimanpour, Scott A.; Solhaug, Anita; Somasundaram, Kumaravel; Son, Jin H.; Sonawane, Avinash; Song, Chunjuan; Song, Fuyong; Song, Hyun Kyu; Song, Ju Xian; Song, Wei; Soo, Kai Y.; Sood, Anil K.; Soong, Tuck Wah; Soontornniyomkij, Virawudh; Sorice, Maurizio; Sotgia, Federica; Soto-Pantoja, David R.; Sotthibundhu, Areechun; Sousa, Maria João; Spaink, Herman P.; Span, Paul N.; Spang, Anne; Sparks, Janet D.; Speck, Peter G.; Spector, Stephen A.; Spies, Claudia D.; Springer, Wolfdieter; Clair, Daret St; Stacchiotti, Alessandra; Staels, Bart; Stang, Michael T.; Starczynowski, Daniel T.; Starokadomskyy, Petro; Steegborn, Clemens; Steele, John W.; Stefanis, Leonidas; Steffan, Joan; Stellrecht, Christine M.; Stenmark, Harald; Stepkowski, Tomasz M.; Stern, StÄ™phan T.; Stevens, Craig; Stockwell, Brent R.; Stoka, Veronika; Storchova, Zuzana; Stork, Bjorn; Stratoulias, Vassilis; Stravopodis, Dimitrios J.; Strnad, Pavel; Strohecker, Anne Marie; Strom, Anna Lena; Stromhaug, Per; Stulik, Jiri; Su, Yu Xiong; Su, Zhaoliang; Subauste, Carlos S.; Subramaniam, Srinivasa; Sue, Carolyn M.; Suh, Sang Won; Sui, Xinbing; Sukseree, Supawadee; Sulzer, David; Sun, Fang Lin; Sun, Jiaren; Sun, Jun; Sun, Shi Yong; Sun, Yang; Sun, Yi; Sun, Yingjie; Sundaramoorthy, Vinod; Sung, Joseph; Suzuki, Hidekazu; Suzuki, Kuninori; Suzuki, Naoki; Suzuki, Tadashi; Suzuki, Yuichiro J.; Swanson, Michele S.; Swanton, Charles; Swärd, Karl; Swarup, Ghanshyam; Sweeney, Sean T.; Sylvester, Paul W.; Szatmari, Zsuzsanna; Szegezdi, Eva; Szlosarek, Peter W.; Taegtmeyer, Heinrich; Tafani, Marco; Taillebourg, Emmanuel; Tait, Stephen W.G.; Takacs-Vellai, Krisztina; Takahashi, Yoshinori; Takáts, Szabolcs; Takemura, Genzou; Takigawa, Nagio; Talbot, Nicholas J.; Tamagno, Elena; Tamburini, Jerome; Tan, Cai Ping; Tan, Lan; Tan, Mei Lan; Tan, Ming; Tan, Yee Joo; Tanaka, Keiji; Tanaka, Masaki; Tang, Daolin; Tang, Dingzhong; Tang, Guomei; Tanida, Isei; Tanji, Kunikazu; Tannous, Bakhos A.; Tapia, Jose A.; Tasset-Cuevas, Inmaculada; Tatar, Marc; Tavassoly, Iman; Tavernarakis, Nektarios; Taylor, Allen; Taylor, Graham S.; Taylor, Gregory A.; Taylor, J. Paul; Taylor, Mark J.; Tchetina, Elena V.; Tee, Andrew R.; Teixeira-Clerc, Fatima; Telang, Sucheta; Tencomnao, Tewin; Teng, Ba Bie; Teng, Ru Jeng; Terro, Faraj; Tettamanti, Gianluca; Theiss, Arianne L.; Theron, Anne E.; Thomas, Kelly Jean; Thomé, Marcos P.; Thomes, Paul G.; Thorburn, Andrew; Thorner, Jeremy; Thum, Thomas; Thumm, Michael; Thurston, Teresa L.M.; Tian, Ling; Till, Andreas; , ; Ting, Jenny Pan Yun; Titorenko, Vladimir I.; Toker, Lilach; Toldo, Stefano; Tooze, Sharon A.; Topisirovic, Ivan; Torgersen, Maria Lyngaas; Torosantucci, Liliana; Torriglia, Alicia; Torrisi, Maria Rosaria; Tournier, Cathy; Towns, Roberto; Trajkovic, Vladimir; Travassos, Leonardo H.; Triola, Gemma; Tripathi, Durga Nand; Trisciuoglio, Daniela; Troncoso, Rodrigo; Trougakos, Ioannis P.; Truttmann, Anita C.; Tsai, Kuen Jer; Tschan, Mario P.; Tseng, Yi Hsin; Tsukuba, Takayuki; Tsung, Allan; Tsvetkov, Andrey S.; Tu, Shuiping; Tuan, Hsing Yu; Tucci, Marco; Tumbarello, David A.; Turk, Boris; Turk, Vito; Turner, Robin F.B.; Tveita, Anders A.; Tyagi, Suresh C.; Ubukata, Makoto; Uchiyama, Yasuo; Udelnow, Andrej; Ueno, Takashi; Umekawa, Midori; Umemiya-Shirafuji, Rika; Underwood, Benjamin R.; Ungermann, Christian; Ureshino, Rodrigo P.; Ushioda, Ryo; Uversky, Vladimir N.; Uzcátegui, Néstor L.; Vaccari, Thomas; Vaccaro, Maria I.; Váchová, LibuÅ¡e; Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, Helin; Valdor, Rut; Valente, Enza Maria; Vallette, Francois; Valverde, Angela M.; Van den Berghe, Greet; Van Den Bosch, Ludo; van den Brink, Gijs R.; van der Goot, F. Gisou; van der Klei, Ida J.; van der Laan, Luc J.W.; van Doorn, Wouter G.; van Egmond, Marjolein; van Golen, Kenneth L.; Van Kaer, Luc; Campagne, Menno van Lookeren; Vandenabeele, Peter; Vandenberghe, Wim; Vanhorebeek, Ilse; Varela-Nieto, Isabel; Vasconcelos, M. Helena; Vasko, Radovan; Vavvas, Demetrios G.; Vega-Naredo, Ignacio; Velasco, Guillermo; Velentzas, Athanassios D.; Velentzas, Panagiotis D.; Vellai, Tibor; Vellenga, Edo; Vendelbo, Mikkel Holm; Venkatachalam, Kartik; Ventura, Natascia; Ventura, Salvador; Veras, Patricia S.T.; Verdier, Mireille; Vertessy, Beata G.; Viale, Andrea; Vidal, Michel; Vieira, Helena L.A.; Vierstra, Richard D.; Vigneswaran, Nadarajah; Vij, Neeraj; Vila, Miquel; Villar, Margarita; Villar, Victor H.; Villarroya, Joan; Vindis, Cécile; Viola, Giampietro; Viscomi, Maria Teresa; Vitale, Giovanni; Vogl, Dan T.; Voitsekhovskaja, Olga V.; von Haefen, Clarissa; von Schwarzenberg, Karin; Voth, Daniel E.; Vouret-Craviari, Valérie; Vuori, Kristina; Vyas, Jatin M.; Waeber, Christian; Walker, Cheryl Lyn; Walker, Mark J.; Walter, Jochen; Wan, Lei; Wan, Xiangbo; Wang, Bo; Wang, Caihong; Wang, Chao Yung; Wang, Chengshu; Wang, Chenran; Wang, Chuangui; Wang, Dong; Wang, Fen; Wang, Fuxin; Wang, Guanghui; Wang, Hai Jie; Wang, Haichao; Wang, Hong Gang; Wang, Hongmin; Wang, Horng Dar; Wang, Jing; Wang, Junjun; Wang, Mei; Wang, Mei Qing; Wang, Pei Yu; Wang, Peng; Wang, Richard C.; Wang, Shuo; Wang, Ting Fang; Wang, Xian; Wang, Xiao Jia; Wang, Xiao Wei; Wang, Xin; Wang, Xuejun; Wang, Yan; Wang, Yanming; Wang, Ying; Wang, Ying Jan; Wang, Yipeng; Wang, Yu; Wang, Yu Tian; Wang, Yuqing; Wang, Zhi Nong; Wappner, Pablo; Ward, Carl; Ward, Diane Mc Vey; Warnes, Gary; Watada, Hirotaka; Watanabe, Yoshihisa; Watase, Kei; Weaver, Timothy E.; Weekes, Colin D.; Wei, Jiwu; Weide, Thomas; Weihl, Conrad C.; Weindl, Günther; Weis, Simone Nardin; Wen, Longping; Wen, Xin; Wen, Yunfei; Westermann, Benedikt; Weyand, Cornelia M.; White, Anthony R.; White, Eileen; Whitton, J. Lindsay; Whitworth, Alexander J.; Wiels, Joëlle; Wild, Franziska; Wildenberg, Manon E.; Wileman, Tom; Wilkinson, Deepti Srinivas; Wilkinson, Simon; Willbold, Dieter; Williams, Chris; Williams, Katherine; Williamson, Peter R.; Winklhofer, Konstanze F.; Witkin, Steven S.; Wohlgemuth, Stephanie E.; Wollert, Thomas; Wolvetang, Ernst J.; Wong, Esther; Wong, G. William; Wong, Richard W.; Wong, Vincent Kam Wai; Woodcock, Elizabeth A.; Wright, Karen L.; Wu, Chunlai; Wu, Defeng; Wu, Gen Sheng; Wu, Jian; Wu, Junfang; Wu, Mian; Wu, Min; Wu, Shengzhou; Wu, William K.K.; Wu, Yaohua; Wu, Zhenlong; Xavier, Cristina P.R.; Xavier, Ramnik J.; Xia, Gui Xian; Xia, Tian; Xia, Weiliang; Xia, Yong; Xiao, Hengyi; Xiao, Jian; Xiao, Shi; Xiao, Wuhan; Xie, Chuan Ming; Xie, Zhiping; Xie, Zhonglin; Xilouri, Maria; Xiong, Yuyan; Xu, Chuanshan; Xu, Congfeng; Xu, Feng; Xu, Haoxing; Xu, Hongwei; Xu, Jian; Xu, Jianzhen; Xu, Jinxian; Xu, Liang; Xu, Xiaolei; Xu, Yangqing; Xu, Ye; Xu, Zhi Xiang; Xu, Ziheng; Xue, Yu; Yamada, Takahiro; Yamamoto, Ai; Yamanaka, Koji; Yamashina, Shunhei; Yamashiro, Shigeko; Yan, Bing; Yan, Bo; Yan, Xianghua; Yan, Zhen; Yanagi, Yasuo; Yang, Dun Sheng; Yang, Jin Ming; Yang, Liu; Yang, Minghua; Yang, Pei Ming; Yang, Peixin; Yang, Qian; Yang, Wannian; Yang, Wei Yuan; Yang, Xuesong; Yang, Yi; Yang, Ying; Yang, Zhifen; Yang, Zhihong; Yao, Meng Chao; Yao, Pamela J.; Yao, Xiaofeng; Yao, Zhenyu; Yao, Zhiyuan; Yasui, Linda S.; Ye, Mingxiang; Yedvobnick, Barry; Yeganeh, Behzad; Yeh, Elizabeth S.; Yeyati, Patricia L.; Yi, Fan; Yi, Long; Yin, Xiao Ming; Yip, Calvin K.; Yoo, Yeong Min; Yoo, Young Hyun; Yoon, Seung Yong; Yoshida, Ken Ichi; Yoshimori, Tamotsu; Young, Ken H.; Yu, Huixin; Yu, Jane J.; Yu, Jin Tai; Yu, Jun; Yu, Li; Yu, W. Haung; Yu, Xiao Fang; Yu, Zhengping; Yuan, Junying; Yuan, Zhi Min; Yue, Beatrice Y.J.T.; Yue, Jianbo; Yue, Zhenyu; Zacks, David N.; Zacksenhaus, Eldad; Zaffaroni, Nadia; Zaglia, Tania; Zakeri, Zahra; Zecchini, Vincent; Zeng, Jinsheng; Zeng, Min; Zeng, Qi; Zervos, Antonis S.; Zhang, Donna D.; Zhang, Fan; Zhang, Guo; Zhang, Guo Chang; Zhang, Hao; Zhang, Hong; Zhang, Hongbing; Zhang, Jian; Zhang, Jiangwei; Zhang, Jianhua; Zhang, Jing Pu; Zhang, Li; Zhang, Lin; Zhang, Long; Zhang, Ming Yong; Zhang, Xiangnan; Zhang, Xu Dong; Zhang, Yan; Zhang, Yang; Zhang, Yanjin; Zhang, Yingmei; Zhang, Yunjiao; Zhao, Mei; Zhao, Wei Li; Zhao, Xiaonan; Zhao, Yan G.; Zhao, Ying; Zhao, Yongchao; Zhao, Yu Xia; Zhao, Zhendong; Zhao, Zhizhuang J.; Zheng, Dexian; Zheng, Xi Long; Zheng, Xiaoxiang; Zhivotovsky, Boris; Zhong, Qing; Zhou, Guang Zhou; Zhou, Guofei; Zhou, Huiping; Zhou, Shu Feng; Zhou, Xu Jie; Zhu, Hongxin; Zhu, Hua; Zhu, Wei Guo; Zhu, Wenhua; Zhu, Xiao Feng; Zhu, Yuhua; Zhuang, Shi Mei; Zhuang, Xiaohong; Ziparo, Elio; Zois, Christos E.; Zoladek, Teresa; Zong, Wei Xing; Zorzano, Antonio; Zughaier, Susu M.
SCOPUS:85054826264
ISSN: 1554-8627
CID: 5487622
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) [Guideline]
Klionsky, Daniel J; Abdelmohsen, Kotb; Abe, Akihisa; Abedin, Md Joynal; Abeliovich, Hagai; Acevedo Arozena, Abraham; Adachi, Hiroaki; Adams, Christopher M; Adams, Peter D; Adeli, Khosrow; Adhihetty, Peter J; Adler, Sharon G; Agam, Galila; Agarwal, Rajesh; Aghi, Manish K; Agnello, Maria; Agostinis, Patrizia; Aguilar, Patricia V; Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio; Airoldi, Edoardo M; Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane; Akematsu, Takahiko; Akporiaye, Emmanuel T; Al-Rubeai, Mohamed; Albaiceta, Guillermo M; Albanese, Chris; Albani, Diego; Albert, Matthew L; Aldudo, Jesus; Algul, Hana; Alirezaei, Mehrdad; Alloza, Iraide; Almasan, Alexandru; Almonte-Beceril, Maylin; Alnemri, Emad S; Alonso, Covadonga; Altan-Bonnet, Nihal; Altieri, Dario C; Alvarez, Silvia; Alvarez-Erviti, Lydia; Alves, Sandro; Amadoro, Giuseppina; Amano, Atsuo; Amantini, Consuelo; Ambrosio, Santiago; Amelio, Ivano; Amer, Amal O; Amessou, Mohamed; Amon, Angelika; An, Zhenyi; Anania, Frank A; Andersen, Stig U; Andley, Usha P; Andreadi, Catherine K; Andrieu-Abadie, Nathalie; Anel, Alberto; Ann, David K; Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra; Antonioli, Manuela; Aoki, Hiroshi; Apostolova, Nadezda; Aquila, Saveria; Aquilano, Katia; Araki, Koichi; Arama, Eli; Aranda, Agustin; Araya, Jun; Arcaro, Alexandre; Arias, Esperanza; Arimoto, Hirokazu; Ariosa, Aileen R; Armstrong, Jane L; Arnould, Thierry; Arsov, Ivica; Asanuma, Katsuhiko; Askanas, Valerie; Asselin, Eric; Atarashi, Ryuichiro; Atherton, Sally S; Atkin, Julie D; Attardi, Laura D; Auberger, Patrick; Auburger, Georg; Aurelian, Laure; Autelli, Riccardo; Avagliano, Laura; Avantaggiati, Maria Laura; Avrahami, Limor; Awale, Suresh; Azad, Neelam; Bachetti, Tiziana; Backer, Jonathan M; Bae, Dong-Hun; Bae, Jae-Sung; Bae, Ok-Nam; Bae, Soo Han; Baehrecke, Eric H; Baek, Seung-Hoon; Baghdiguian, Stephen; Bagniewska-Zadworna, Agnieszka; Bai, Hua; Bai, Jie; Bai, Xue-Yuan; Bailly, Yannick; Balaji, Kithiganahalli Narayanaswamy; Balduini, Walter; Ballabio, Andrea; Balzan, Rena; Banerjee, Rajkumar; Banhegyi, Gabor; Bao, Haijun; Barbeau, Benoit; Barrachina, Maria D; Barreiro, Esther; Bartel, Bonnie; Bartolome, Alberto; Bassham, Diane C; Bassi, Maria Teresa; Bast, Robert C Jr; Basu, Alakananda; Batista, Maria Teresa; Batoko, Henri; Battino, Maurizio; Bauckman, Kyle; Baumgarner, Bradley L; Bayer, K Ulrich; Beale, Rupert; Beaulieu, Jean-Francois; Beck, George R Jr; Becker, Christoph; Beckham, J David; Bedard, Pierre-Andre; Bednarski, Patrick J; Begley, Thomas J; Behl, Christian; Behrends, Christian; Behrens, Georg Mn; Behrns, Kevin E; Bejarano, Eloy; Belaid, Amine; Belleudi, Francesca; Benard, Giovanni; Berchem, Guy; Bergamaschi, Daniele; Bergami, Matteo; Berkhout, Ben; Berliocchi, Laura; Bernard, Amelie; Bernard, Monique; Bernassola, Francesca; Bertolotti, Anne; Bess, Amanda S; Besteiro, Sebastien; Bettuzzi, Saverio; Bhalla, Savita; Bhattacharyya, Shalmoli; Bhutia, Sujit K; Biagosch, Caroline; Bianchi, Michele Wolfe; Biard-Piechaczyk, Martine; Billes, Viktor; Bincoletto, Claudia; Bingol, Baris; Bird, Sara W; Bitoun, Marc; Bjedov, Ivana; 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Doetsch, Volker; Dokladny, Karol; Dokudovskaya, Svetlana; Donadelli, Massimo; Dong, X Charlie; Dong, Xiaonan; Dong, Zheng; Donohue, Terrence M Jr; Doran, Kelly S; D'Orazi, Gabriella; Dorn, Gerald W 2nd; Dosenko, Victor; Dridi, Sami; Drucker, Liat; Du, Jie; Du, Li-Lin; Du, Lihuan; du Toit, Andre; Dua, Priyamvada; Duan, Lei; Duann, Pu; Dubey, Vikash Kumar; Duchen, Michael R; Duchosal, Michel A; Duez, Helene; Dugail, Isabelle; Dumit, Veronica I; Duncan, Mara C; Dunlop, Elaine A; Dunn, William A Jr; Dupont, Nicolas; Dupuis, Luc; Duran, Raul V; Durcan, Thomas M; Duvezin-Caubet, Stephane; Duvvuri, Umamaheswar; Eapen, Vinay; Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Darius; Echard, Arnaud; Eckhart, Leopold; Edelstein, Charles L; Edinger, Aimee L; Eichinger, Ludwig; Eisenberg, Tobias; Eisenberg-Lerner, Avital; Eissa, N Tony; El-Deiry, Wafik S; El-Khoury, Victoria; Elazar, Zvulun; Eldar-Finkelman, Hagit; Elliott, Chris Jh; Emanuele, Enzo; Emmenegger, Urban; Engedal, Nikolai; Engelbrecht, Anna-Mart; Engelender, Simone; 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Flajolet, Marc; Flamigni, Flavio; Florey, Oliver; Florio, Salvatore; Floto, R Andres; Folini, Marco; Follo, Carlo; Fon, Edward A; Fornai, Francesco; Fortunato, Franco; Fraldi, Alessandro; Franco, Rodrigo; Francois, Arnaud; Francois, Aurelie; Frankel, Lisa B; Fraser, Iain Dc; Frey, Norbert; Freyssenet, Damien G; Frezza, Christian; Friedman, Scott L; Frigo, Daniel E; Fu, Dongxu; Fuentes, Jose M; Fueyo, Juan; Fujitani, Yoshio; Fujiwara, Yuuki; Fujiya, Mikihiro; Fukuda, Mitsunori; Fulda, Simone; Fusco, Carmela; Gabryel, Bozena; Gaestel, Matthias; Gailly, Philippe; Gajewska, Malgorzata; Galadari, Sehamuddin; Galili, Gad; Galindo, Inmaculada; Galindo, Maria F; Galliciotti, Giovanna; Galluzzi, Lorenzo; Galluzzi, Luca; Galy, Vincent; Gammoh, Noor; Gandy, Sam; Ganesan, Anand K; Ganesan, Swamynathan; Ganley, Ian G; Gannage, Monique; Gao, Fen-Biao; Gao, Feng; Gao, Jian-Xin; Garcia Nannig, Lorena; Garcia Vescovi, Eleonora; Garcia-Macia, Marina; Garcia-Ruiz, Carmen; Garg, Abhishek D; Garg, Pramod Kumar; Gargini, Ricardo; Gassen, Nils Christian; Gatica, Damian; Gatti, Evelina; Gavard, Julie; Gavathiotis, Evripidis; Ge, Liang; Ge, Pengfei; Ge, Shengfang; Gean, Po-Wu; Gelmetti, Vania; Genazzani, Armando A; Geng, Jiefei; Genschik, Pascal; Gerner, Lisa; Gestwicki, Jason E; Gewirtz, David A; Ghavami, Saeid; Ghigo, Eric; Ghosh, Debabrata; Giammarioli, Anna Maria; Giampieri, Francesca; Giampietri, Claudia; Giatromanolaki, Alexandra; Gibbings, Derrick J; Gibellini, Lara; Gibson, Spencer B; Ginet, Vanessa; Giordano, Antonio; Giorgini, Flaviano; Giovannetti, Elisa; Girardin, Stephen E; Gispert, Suzana; Giuliano, Sandy; Gladson, Candece L; Glavic, Alvaro; Gleave, Martin; Godefroy, Nelly; Gogal, Robert M Jr; Gokulan, Kuppan; Goldman, Gustavo H; Goletti, Delia; Goligorsky, Michael S; Gomes, Aldrin V; Gomes, Ligia C; Gomez, Hernando; Gomez-Manzano, Candelaria; Gomez-Sanchez, Ruben; Goncalves, Dawit Ap; Goncu, Ebru; Gong, Qingqiu; Gongora, Celine; Gonzalez, Carlos B; Gonzalez-Alegre, Pedro; Gonzalez-Cabo, Pilar; Gonzalez-Polo, Rosa Ana; Goping, Ing Swie; Gorbea, Carlos; Gorbunov, Nikolai V; Goring, Daphne R; Gorman, Adrienne M; Gorski, Sharon M; Goruppi, Sandro; Goto-Yamada, Shino; Gotor, Cecilia; Gottlieb, Roberta A; Gozes, Illana; Gozuacik, Devrim; Graba, Yacine; Graef, Martin; Granato, Giovanna E; Grant, Gary Dean; Grant, Steven; Gravina, Giovanni Luca; Green, Douglas R; Greenhough, Alexander; Greenwood, Michael T; Grimaldi, Benedetto; Gros, Frederic; Grose, Charles; Groulx, Jean-Francois; Gruber, Florian; Grumati, Paolo; Grune, Tilman; Guan, Jun-Lin; Guan, Kun-Liang; Guerra, Barbara; Guillen, Carlos; Gulshan, Kailash; Gunst, Jan; Guo, Chuanyong; Guo, Lei; Guo, Ming; Guo, Wenjie; Guo, Xu-Guang; Gust, Andrea A; Gustafsson, Asa B; Gutierrez, Elaine; Gutierrez, Maximiliano G; Gwak, Ho-Shin; Haas, Albert; Haber, James E; Hadano, Shinji; Hagedorn, Monica; Hahn, David R; Halayko, Andrew J; Hamacher-Brady, Anne; Hamada, Kozo; Hamai, Ahmed; Hamann, Andrea; Hamasaki, Maho; Hamer, Isabelle; Hamid, Qutayba; Hammond, Ester M; Han, Feng; Han, Weidong; Handa, James T; Hanover, John A; Hansen, Malene; Harada, Masaru; Harhaji-Trajkovic, Ljubica; Harper, J Wade; Harrath, Abdel Halim; Harris, Adrian L; Harris, James; Hasler, Udo; Hasselblatt, Peter; Hasui, Kazuhisa; Hawley, Robert G; Hawley, Teresa S; He, Congcong; He, Cynthia Y; He, Fengtian; He, Gu; He, Rong-Rong; He, Xian-Hui; He, You-Wen; He, Yu-Ying; Heath, Joan K; Hebert, Marie-Josee; Heinzen, Robert A; Helgason, Gudmundur Vignir; Hensel, Michael; Henske, Elizabeth P; Her, Chengtao; Herman, Paul K; Hernandez, Agustin; Hernandez, Carlos; Hernandez-Tiedra, Sonia; Hetz, Claudio; Hiesinger, P Robin; Higaki, Katsumi; Hilfiker, Sabine; Hill, Bradford G; Hill, Joseph A; Hill, William D; Hino, Keisuke; Hofius, Daniel; Hofman, Paul; Hoglinger, Gunter U; Hohfeld, Jorg; Holz, Marina K; Hong, Yonggeun; Hood, David A; Hoozemans, Jeroen Jm; Hoppe, Thorsten; Hsu, Chin; Hsu, Chin-Yuan; Hsu, Li-Chung; Hu, Dong; Hu, Guochang; Hu, Hong-Ming; Hu, Hongbo; Hu, Ming Chang; Hu, Yu-Chen; Hu, Zhuo-Wei; Hua, Fang; Hua, Ya; Huang, Canhua; Huang, Huey-Lan; Huang, Kuo-How; Huang, Kuo-Yang; Huang, Shile; Huang, Shiqian; Huang, Wei-Pang; Huang, Yi-Ran; Huang, Yong; Huang, Yunfei; Huber, Tobias B; Huebbe, Patricia; Huh, Won-Ki; Hulmi, Juha J; Hur, Gang Min; Hurley, James H; Husak, Zvenyslava; Hussain, Sabah Na; Hussain, Salik; Hwang, Jung Jin; Hwang, Seungmin; Hwang, Thomas Is; Ichihara, Atsuhiro; Imai, Yuzuru; Imbriano, Carol; Inomata, Megumi; Into, Takeshi; Iovane, Valentina; Iovanna, Juan L; Iozzo, Renato V; Ip, Nancy Y; Irazoqui, Javier E; Iribarren, Pablo; Isaka, Yoshitaka; Isakovic, Aleksandra J; Ischiropoulos, Harry; Isenberg, Jeffrey S; Ishaq, Mohammad; Ishida, Hiroyuki; Ishii, Isao; Ishmael, Jane E; Isidoro, Ciro; Isobe, Ken-Ichi; Isono, Erika; Issazadeh-Navikas, Shohreh; Itahana, Koji; Itakura, Eisuke; Ivanov, Andrei I; Iyer, Anand Krishnan V; Izquierdo, Jose M; Izumi, Yotaro; Izzo, Valentina; Jaattela, Marja; Jaber, Nadia; Jackson, Daniel John; Jackson, William T; Jacob, Tony George; Jacques, Thomas S; Jagannath, Chinnaswamy; Jain, Ashish; Jana, Nihar Ranjan; Jang, Byoung Kuk; Jani, Alkesh; Janji, Bassam; Jannig, Paulo Roberto; Jansson, Patric J; Jean, Steve; Jendrach, Marina; Jeon, Ju-Hong; Jessen, Niels; Jeung, Eui-Bae; Jia, Kailiang; Jia, Lijun; Jiang, Hong; Jiang, Hongchi; Jiang, Liwen; Jiang, Teng; Jiang, Xiaoyan; Jiang, Xuejun; Jiang, Xuejun; Jiang, Ying; Jiang, Yongjun; Jimenez, Alberto; Jin, Cheng; Jin, Hongchuan; Jin, Lei; Jin, Meiyan; Jin, Shengkan; Jinwal, Umesh Kumar; Jo, Eun-Kyeong; Johansen, Terje; Johnson, Daniel E; Johnson, Gail Vw; Johnson, James D; Jonasch, Eric; Jones, Chris; Joosten, Leo Ab; Jordan, Joaquin; Joseph, Anna-Maria; Joseph, Bertrand; Joubert, Annie M; Ju, Dianwen; Ju, Jingfang; Juan, Hsueh-Fen; Juenemann, Katrin; Juhasz, Gabor; Jung, Hye Seung; Jung, Jae U; Jung, Yong-Keun; Jungbluth, Heinz; Justice, Matthew J; Jutten, Barry; Kaakoush, Nadeem O; Kaarniranta, Kai; Kaasik, Allen; Kabuta, Tomohiro; Kaeffer, Bertrand; Kagedal, Katarina; Kahana, Alon; Kajimura, Shingo; Kakhlon, Or; Kalia, Manjula; Kalvakolanu, Dhan V; Kamada, Yoshiaki; Kambas, Konstantinos; Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O; Kampinga, Harm H; Kandouz, Mustapha; Kang, Chanhee; Kang, Rui; Kang, Tae-Cheon; Kanki, Tomotake; Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi; Kanno, Haruo; Kanthasamy, Anumantha G; Kantorow, Marc; Kaparakis-Liaskos, Maria; Kapuy, Orsolya; Karantza, Vassiliki; Karim, Md Razaul; Karmakar, Parimal; Kaser, Arthur; Kaushik, Susmita; Kawula, Thomas; Kaynar, A Murat; Ke, Po-Yuan; Ke, Zun-Ji; Kehrl, John H; Keller, Kate E; Kemper, Jongsook Kim; Kenworthy, Anne K; Kepp, Oliver; Kern, Andreas; Kesari, Santosh; Kessel, David; Ketteler, Robin; Kettelhut, Isis do Carmo; Khambu, Bilon; Khan, Muzamil Majid; Khandelwal, Vinoth Km; Khare, Sangeeta; Kiang, Juliann G; Kiger, Amy A; Kihara, Akio; Kim, Arianna L; Kim, Cheol Hyeon; Kim, Deok Ryong; Kim, Do-Hyung; Kim, Eung Kweon; Kim, Hye Young; Kim, Hyung-Ryong; Kim, Jae-Sung; Kim, Jeong Hun; Kim, Jin Cheon; Kim, Jin Hyoung; Kim, Kwang Woon; Kim, Michael D; Kim, Moon-Moo; Kim, Peter K; Kim, Seong Who; Kim, Soo-Youl; Kim, Yong-Sun; Kim, Yonghyun; Kimchi, Adi; Kimmelman, Alec C; Kimura, Tomonori; King, Jason S; Kirkegaard, Karla; Kirkin, Vladimir; Kirshenbaum, Lorrie A; Kishi, Shuji; Kitajima, Yasuo; Kitamoto, Katsuhiko; Kitaoka, Yasushi; Kitazato, Kaio; Kley, Rudolf A; Klimecki, Walter T; Klinkenberg, Michael; Klucken, Jochen; Knaevelsrud, Helene; Knecht, Erwin; Knuppertz, Laura; Ko, Jiunn-Liang; Kobayashi, Satoru; Koch, Jan C; Koechlin-Ramonatxo, Christelle; Koenig, Ulrich; Koh, Young Ho; Kohler, Katja; Kohlwein, Sepp D; Koike, Masato; Komatsu, Masaaki; Kominami, Eiki; Kong, Dexin; Kong, Hee Jeong; Konstantakou, Eumorphia G; Kopp, Benjamin T; Korcsmaros, Tamas; Korhonen, Laura; Korolchuk, Viktor I; Koshkina, Nadya V; Kou, Yanjun; Koukourakis, Michael I; Koumenis, Constantinos; Kovacs, Attila L; Kovacs, Tibor; Kovacs, Werner J; Koya, Daisuke; Kraft, Claudine; Krainc, Dimitri; Kramer, Helmut; Kravic-Stevovic, Tamara; Krek, Wilhelm; Kretz-Remy, Carole; Krick, Roswitha; Krishnamurthy, Malathi; Kriston-Vizi, Janos; Kroemer, Guido; Kruer, Michael C; Kruger, Rejko; Ktistakis, Nicholas T; Kuchitsu, Kazuyuki; Kuhn, Christian; Kumar, Addanki Pratap; Kumar, Anuj; Kumar, Ashok; Kumar, Deepak; Kumar, Dhiraj; Kumar, Rakesh; Kumar, Sharad; Kundu, Mondira; Kung, Hsing-Jien; Kuno, Atsushi; Kuo, Sheng-Han; Kuret, Jeff; Kurz, Tino; Kwok, Terry; Kwon, Taeg Kyu; Kwon, Yong Tae; Kyrmizi, Irene; La Spada, Albert R; Lafont, Frank; Lahm, Tim; Lakkaraju, Aparna; Lam, Truong; Lamark, Trond; Lancel, Steve; Landowski, Terry H; Lane, Darius Jr; Lane, Jon D; Lanzi, Cinzia; Lapaquette, Pierre; Lapierre, Louis R; Laporte, Jocelyn; Laukkarinen, Johanna; Laurie, Gordon W; Lavandero, Sergio; Lavie, Lena; LaVoie, Matthew J; Law, Betty Yuen Kwan; Law, Helen Ka-Wai; Law, Kelsey B; Layfield, Robert; Lazo, Pedro A; Le Cam, Laurent; Le Roch, Karine G; Le Stunff, Herve; Leardkamolkarn, Vijittra; Lecuit, Marc; Lee, Byung-Hoon; Lee, Che-Hsin; Lee, Erinna F; Lee, Gyun Min; Lee, He-Jin; Lee, Hsinyu; Lee, Jae Keun; Lee, Jongdae; Lee, Ju-Hyun; Lee, Jun Hee; Lee, Michael; Lee, Myung-Shik; Lee, Patty J; Lee, Sam W; Lee, Seung-Jae; Lee, Shiow-Ju; Lee, Stella Y; Lee, Sug Hyung; Lee, Sung Sik; Lee, Sung-Joon; Lee, Sunhee; Lee, Ying-Ray; Lee, Yong J; Lee, Young H; Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan; Lefort, Sylvain; Legouis, Renaud; Lei, Jinzhi; Lei, Qun-Ying; Leib, David A; Leibowitz, Gil; Lekli, Istvan; Lemaire, Stephane D; Lemasters, John J; Lemberg, Marius K; Lemoine, Antoinette; Leng, Shuilong; Lenz, Guido; Lenzi, Paola; Lerman, Lilach O; Lettieri Barbato, Daniele; Leu, Julia I-Ju; Leung, Hing Y; Levine, Beth; Lewis, Patrick A; Lezoualc'h, Frank; Li, Chi; Li, Faqiang; Li, Feng-Jun; Li, Jun; Li, Ke; Li, Lian; Li, Min; Li, Min; Li, Qiang; Li, Rui; Li, Sheng; Li, Wei; Li, Wei; Li, Xiaotao; Li, Yumin; Lian, Jiqin; Liang, Chengyu; Liang, Qiangrong; Liao, Yulin; Liberal, Joana; Liberski, Pawel P; Lie, Pearl; Lieberman, Andrew P; Lim, Hyunjung Jade; Lim, Kah-Leong; Lim, Kyu; Lima, Raquel T; Lin, Chang-Shen; Lin, Chiou-Feng; Lin, Fang; Lin, Fangming; Lin, Fu-Cheng; Lin, Kui; Lin, Kwang-Huei; Lin, Pei-Hui; Lin, Tianwei; Lin, Wan-Wan; Lin, Yee-Shin; Lin, Yong; Linden, Rafael; Lindholm, Dan; Lindqvist, Lisa M; Lingor, Paul; Linkermann, Andreas; Liotta, Lance A; Lipinski, Marta M; Lira, Vitor A; Lisanti, Michael P; Liton, Paloma B; Liu, Bo; Liu, Chong; Liu, Chun-Feng; Liu, Fei; Liu, Hung-Jen; Liu, Jianxun; Liu, Jing-Jing; Liu, Jing-Lan; Liu, Ke; Liu, Leyuan; Liu, Liang; Liu, Quentin; Liu, Rong-Yu; Liu, Shiming; Liu, Shuwen; Liu, Wei; Liu, Xian-De; Liu, Xiangguo; Liu, Xiao-Hong; Liu, Xinfeng; Liu, Xu; Liu, Xueqin; Liu, Yang; Liu, Yule; Liu, Zexian; Liu, Zhe; Liuzzi, Juan P; Lizard, Gerard; Ljujic, Mila; Lodhi, Irfan J; Logue, Susan E; Lokeshwar, Bal L; Long, Yun Chau; Lonial, Sagar; Loos, Benjamin; Lopez-Otin, Carlos; Lopez-Vicario, Cristina; Lorente, Mar; Lorenzi, Philip L; Lorincz, Peter; Los, Marek; Lotze, Michael T; Lovat, Penny E; Lu, Binfeng; Lu, Bo; Lu, Jiahong; Lu, Qing; Lu, She-Min; Lu, Shuyan; Lu, Yingying; Luciano, Frederic; Luckhart, Shirley; Lucocq, John Milton; Ludovico, Paula; Lugea, Aurelia; Lukacs, Nicholas W; Lum, Julian J; Lund, Anders H; Luo, Honglin; Luo, Jia; Luo, Shouqing; Luparello, Claudio; Lyons, Timothy; Ma, Jianjie; Ma, Yi; Ma, Yong; Ma, Zhenyi; Machado, Juliano; Machado-Santelli, Glaucia M; Macian, Fernando; MacIntosh, Gustavo C; MacKeigan, Jeffrey P; Macleod, Kay F; MacMicking, John D; MacMillan-Crow, Lee Ann; Madeo, Frank; Madesh, Muniswamy; Madrigal-Matute, Julio; Maeda, Akiko; Maeda, Tatsuya; Maegawa, Gustavo; Maellaro, Emilia; Maes, Hannelore; Magarinos, Marta; Maiese, Kenneth; Maiti, Tapas K; Maiuri, Luigi; Maiuri, Maria Chiara; Maki, Carl G; Malli, Roland; Malorni, Walter; Maloyan, Alina; Mami-Chouaib, Fathia; Man, Na; Mancias, Joseph D; Mandelkow, Eva-Maria; Mandell, Michael A; Manfredi, Angelo A; Manie, Serge N; Manzoni, Claudia; Mao, Kai; Mao, Zixu; Mao, Zong-Wan; Marambaud, Philippe; Marconi, Anna Maria; Marelja, Zvonimir; Marfe, Gabriella; Margeta, Marta; Margittai, Eva; Mari, Muriel; Mariani, Francesca V; Marin, Concepcio; Marinelli, Sara; Marino, Guillermo; Markovic, Ivanka; Marquez, Rebecca; Martelli, Alberto M; Martens, Sascha; Martin, Katie R; Martin, Seamus J; Martin, Shaun; Martin-Acebes, Miguel A; Martin-Sanz, Paloma; Martinand-Mari, Camille; Martinet, Wim; Martinez, Jennifer; Martinez-Lopez, Nuria; Martinez-Outschoorn, Ubaldo; Martinez-Velazquez, Moises; Martinez-Vicente, Marta; Martins, Waleska Kerllen; Mashima, Hirosato; Mastrianni, James A; Matarese, Giuseppe; Matarrese, Paola; Mateo, Roberto; Matoba, Satoaki; Matsumoto, Naomichi; Matsushita, Takehiko; Matsuura, Akira; Matsuzawa, Takeshi; Mattson, Mark P; Matus, Soledad; Maugeri, Norma; Mauvezin, Caroline; Mayer, Andreas; Maysinger, Dusica; Mazzolini, Guillermo D; McBrayer, Mary Kate; McCall, Kimberly; McCormick, Craig; McInerney, Gerald M; McIver, Skye C; McKenna, Sharon; McMahon, John J; McNeish, Iain A; Mechta-Grigoriou, Fatima; Medema, Jan Paul; Medina, Diego L; Megyeri, Klara; Mehrpour, Maryam; Mehta, Jawahar L; Mei, Yide; Meier, Ute-Christiane; Meijer, Alfred J; Melendez, Alicia; Melino, Gerry; Melino, Sonia; de Melo, Edesio Jose Tenorio; Mena, Maria A; Meneghini, Marc D; Menendez, Javier A; Menezes, Regina; Meng, Liesu; Meng, Ling-Hua; Meng, Songshu; Menghini, Rossella; Menko, A Sue; Menna-Barreto, Rubem Fs; Menon, Manoj B; Meraz-Rios, Marco A; Merla, Giuseppe; Merlini, Luciano; Merlot, Angelica M; Meryk, Andreas; Meschini, Stefania; Meyer, Joel N; Mi, Man-Tian; Miao, Chao-Yu; Micale, Lucia; Michaeli, Simon; Michiels, Carine; Migliaccio, Anna Rita; Mihailidou, Anastasia Susie; Mijaljica, Dalibor; Mikoshiba, Katsuhiko; Milan, Enrico; Miller-Fleming, Leonor; Mills, Gordon B; Mills, Ian G; Minakaki, Georgia; Minassian, Berge A; Ming, Xiu-Fen; Minibayeva, Farida; Minina, Elena A; Mintern, Justine D; Minucci, Saverio; Miranda-Vizuete, Antonio; Mitchell, Claire H; Miyamoto, Shigeki; Miyazawa, Keisuke; Mizushima, Noboru; Mnich, Katarzyna; Mograbi, Baharia; Mohseni, Simin; Moita, Luis Ferreira; Molinari, Marco; Molinari, Maurizio; Moller, Andreas Buch; Mollereau, Bertrand; Mollinedo, Faustino; Mongillo, Marco; Monick, Martha M; Montagnaro, Serena; Montell, Craig; Moore, Darren J; Moore, Michael N; Mora-Rodriguez, Rodrigo; Moreira, Paula I; Morel, Etienne; Morelli, Maria Beatrice; Moreno, Sandra; Morgan, Michael J; Moris, Arnaud; Moriyasu, Yuji; Morrison, Janna L; Morrison, Lynda A; Morselli, Eugenia; Moscat, Jorge; Moseley, Pope L; Mostowy, Serge; Motori, Elisa; Mottet, Denis; Mottram, Jeremy C; Moussa, Charbel E-H; Mpakou, Vassiliki E; Mukhtar, Hasan; Mulcahy Levy, Jean M; Muller, Sylviane; Munoz-Moreno, Raquel; Munoz-Pinedo, Cristina; Munz, Christian; Murphy, Maureen E; Murray, James T; Murthy, Aditya; Mysorekar, Indira U; Nabi, Ivan R; Nabissi, Massimo; Nader, Gustavo A; Nagahara, Yukitoshi; Nagai, Yoshitaka; Nagata, Kazuhiro; Nagelkerke, Anika; Nagy, Peter; Naidu, Samisubbu R; Nair, Sreejayan; Nakano, Hiroyasu; Nakatogawa, Hitoshi; Nanjundan, Meera; Napolitano, Gennaro; Naqvi, Naweed I; Nardacci, Roberta; Narendra, Derek P; Narita, Masashi; Nascimbeni, Anna Chiara; Natarajan, Ramesh; Navegantes, Luiz C; Nawrocki, Steffan T; Nazarko, Taras Y; Nazarko, Volodymyr Y; Neill, Thomas; Neri, Luca M; Netea, Mihai G; Netea-Maier, Romana T; Neves, Bruno M; Ney, Paul A; Nezis, Ioannis P; Nguyen, Hang Tt; Nguyen, Huu Phuc; Nicot, Anne-Sophie; Nilsen, Hilde; Nilsson, Per; Nishimura, Mikio; Nishino, Ichizo; Niso-Santano, Mireia; Niu, Hua; Nixon, Ralph A; Njar, Vincent Co; Noda, Takeshi; Noegel, Angelika A; Nolte, Elsie Magdalena; Norberg, Erik; Norga, Koenraad K; Noureini, Sakineh Kazemi; Notomi, Shoji; Notterpek, Lucia; Nowikovsky, Karin; Nukina, Nobuyuki; Nurnberger, Thorsten; O'Donnell, Valerie B; O'Donovan, Tracey; O'Dwyer, Peter J; Oehme, Ina; Oeste, Clara L; Ogawa, Michinaga; Ogretmen, Besim; Ogura, Yuji; Oh, Young J; Ohmuraya, Masaki; Ohshima, Takayuki; Ojha, Rani; Okamoto, Koji; Okazaki, Toshiro; Oliver, F Javier; Ollinger, Karin; Olsson, Stefan; Orban, Daniel P; Ordonez, Paulina; Orhon, Idil; Orosz, Laszlo; O'Rourke, Eyleen J; Orozco, Helena; Ortega, Angel L; Ortona, Elena; Osellame, Laura D; Oshima, Junko; Oshima, Shigeru; Osiewacz, Heinz D; Otomo, Takanobu; Otsu, Kinya; Ou, Jing-Hsiung James; Outeiro, Tiago F; Ouyang, Dong-Yun; Ouyang, Hongjiao; Overholtzer, Michael; Ozbun, Michelle A; Ozdinler, P Hande; Ozpolat, Bulent; Pacelli, Consiglia; Paganetti, Paolo; Page, Guylene; Pages, Gilles; Pagnini, Ugo; Pajak, Beata; Pak, Stephen C; Pakos-Zebrucka, Karolina; Pakpour, Nazzy; Palkova, Zdena; Palladino, Francesca; Pallauf, Kathrin; Pallet, Nicolas; Palmieri, Marta; Paludan, Soren R; Palumbo, Camilla; Palumbo, Silvia; Pampliega, Olatz; Pan, Hongming; Pan, Wei; Panaretakis, Theocharis; Pandey, Aseem; Pantazopoulou, Areti; Papackova, Zuzana; Papademetrio, Daniela L; Papassideri, Issidora; Papini, Alessio; Parajuli, Nirmala; Pardo, Julian; Parekh, Vrajesh V; Parenti, Giancarlo; Park, Jong-In; Park, Junsoo; Park, Ohkmae K; Parker, Roy; Parlato, Rosanna; Parys, Jan B; Parzych, Katherine R; Pasquet, Jean-Max; Pasquier, Benoit; Pasumarthi, Kishore Bs; Patschan, Daniel; Patterson, Cam; Pattingre, Sophie; Pattison, Scott; Pause, Arnim; Pavenstadt, Hermann; Pavone, Flaminia; Pedrozo, Zully; Pena, Fernando J; Penalva, Miguel A; Pende, Mario; Peng, Jianxin; Penna, Fabio; Penninger, Josef M; Pensalfini, Anna; Pepe, Salvatore; Pereira, Gustavo Js; Pereira, Paulo C; Perez-de la Cruz, Veronica; Perez-Perez, Maria Esther; Perez-Rodriguez, Diego; Perez-Sala, Dolores; Perier, Celine; Perl, Andras; Perlmutter, David H; Perrotta, Ida; Pervaiz, Shazib; Pesonen, Maija; Pessin, Jeffrey E; Peters, Godefridus J; Petersen, Morten; Petrache, Irina; Petrof, Basil J; Petrovski, Goran; Phang, James M; Piacentini, Mauro; Pierdominici, Marina; Pierre, Philippe; Pierrefite-Carle, Valerie; Pietrocola, Federico; Pimentel-Muinos, Felipe X; Pinar, Mario; Pineda, Benjamin; Pinkas-Kramarski, Ronit; Pinti, Marcello; Pinton, Paolo; Piperdi, Bilal; Piret, James M; Platanias, Leonidas C; Platta, Harald W; Plowey, Edward D; Poggeler, Stefanie; Poirot, Marc; Polcic, Peter; Poletti, Angelo; Poon, Audrey H; Popelka, Hana; Popova, Blagovesta; Poprawa, Izabela; Poulose, Shibu M; Poulton, Joanna; Powers, Scott K; Powers, Ted; Pozuelo-Rubio, Mercedes; Prak, Krisna; Prange, Reinhild; Prescott, Mark; Priault, Muriel; Prince, Sharon; Proia, Richard L; Proikas-Cezanne, Tassula; Prokisch, Holger; Promponas, Vasilis J; Przyklenk, Karin; Puertollano, Rosa; Pugazhenthi, Subbiah; Puglielli, Luigi; Pujol, Aurora; Puyal, Julien; Pyeon, Dohun; Qi, Xin; Qian, Wen-Bin; Qin, Zheng-Hong; Qiu, Yu; Qu, Ziwei; Quadrilatero, Joe; Quinn, Frederick; Raben, Nina; Rabinowich, Hannah; Radogna, Flavia; Ragusa, Michael J; Rahmani, Mohamed; Raina, Komal; Ramanadham, Sasanka; Ramesh, Rajagopal; Rami, Abdelhaq; Randall-Demllo, Sarron; Randow, Felix; Rao, Hai; Rao, V Ashutosh; Rasmussen, Blake B; Rasse, Tobias M; Ratovitski, Edward A; Rautou, Pierre-Emmanuel; Ray, Swapan K; Razani, Babak; Reed, Bruce H; Reggiori, Fulvio; Rehm, Markus; Reichert, Andreas S; Rein, Theo; Reiner, David J; Reits, Eric; Ren, Jun; Ren, Xingcong; Renna, Maurizio; Reusch, Jane Eb; Revuelta, Jose L; Reyes, Leticia; Rezaie, Alireza R; Richards, Robert I; Richardson, Des R; Richetta, Clemence; Riehle, Michael A; Rihn, Bertrand H; Rikihisa, Yasuko; Riley, Brigit E; Rimbach, Gerald; Rippo, Maria Rita; Ritis, Konstantinos; Rizzi, Federica; Rizzo, Elizete; Roach, Peter J; Robbins, Jeffrey; Roberge, Michel; Roca, Gabriela; Roccheri, Maria Carmela; Rocha, Sonia; Rodrigues, Cecilia Mp; Rodriguez, Clara I; de Cordoba, Santiago Rodriguez; Rodriguez-Muela, Natalia; Roelofs, Jeroen; Rogov, Vladimir V; Rohn, Troy T; Rohrer, Barbel; Romanelli, Davide; Romani, Luigina; Romano, Patricia Silvia; Roncero, M Isabel G; Rosa, Jose Luis; Rosello, Alicia; Rosen, Kirill V; Rosenstiel, Philip; Rost-Roszkowska, Magdalena; Roth, Kevin A; Roue, Gael; Rouis, Mustapha; Rouschop, Kasper M; Ruan, Daniel T; Ruano, Diego; Rubinsztein, David C; Rucker, Edmund B 3rd; Rudich, Assaf; Rudolf, Emil; Rudolf, Ruediger; Ruegg, Markus A; Ruiz-Roldan, Carmen; Ruparelia, Avnika Ashok; Rusmini, Paola; Russ, David W; Russo, Gian Luigi; Russo, Giuseppe; Russo, Rossella; Rusten, Tor Erik; Ryabovol, Victoria; Ryan, Kevin M; Ryter, Stefan W; Sabatini, David M; Sacher, Michael; Sachse, Carsten; Sack, Michael N; Sadoshima, Junichi; Saftig, Paul; Sagi-Eisenberg, Ronit; Sahni, Sumit; Saikumar, Pothana; Saito, Tsunenori; Saitoh, Tatsuya; Sakakura, Koichi; Sakoh-Nakatogawa, Machiko; Sakuraba, Yasuhito; Salazar-Roa, Maria; Salomoni, Paolo; Saluja, Ashok K; Salvaterra, Paul M; Salvioli, Rosa; Samali, Afshin; Sanchez, Anthony Mj; Sanchez-Alcazar, Jose A; Sanchez-Prieto, Ricardo; Sandri, Marco; Sanjuan, Miguel A; Santaguida, Stefano; Santambrogio, Laura; Santoni, Giorgio; Dos Santos, Claudia Nunes; Saran, Shweta; Sardiello, Marco; Sargent, Graeme; Sarkar, Pallabi; Sarkar, Sovan; Sarrias, Maria Rosa; Sarwal, Minnie M; Sasakawa, Chihiro; Sasaki, Motoko; Sass, Miklos; Sato, Ken; Sato, Miyuki; Satriano, Joseph; Savaraj, Niramol; Saveljeva, Svetlana; Schaefer, Liliana; Schaible, Ulrich E; Scharl, Michael; Schatzl, Hermann M; Schekman, Randy; Scheper, Wiep; Schiavi, Alfonso; Schipper, Hyman M; Schmeisser, Hana; Schmidt, Jens; Schmitz, Ingo; Schneider, Bianca E; Schneider, E Marion; Schneider, Jaime L; Schon, Eric A; Schonenberger, Miriam J; Schonthal, Axel H; Schorderet, Daniel F; Schroder, Bernd; Schuck, Sebastian; Schulze, Ryan J; Schwarten, Melanie; Schwarz, Thomas L; Sciarretta, Sebastiano; Scotto, Kathleen; Scovassi, A Ivana; Screaton, Robert A; Screen, Mark; Seca, Hugo; Sedej, Simon; Segatori, Laura; Segev, Nava; Seglen, Per O; Segui-Simarro, Jose M; Segura-Aguilar, Juan; Seki, Ekihiro; Sell, Christian; Selliez, Iban; Semenkovich, Clay F; Semenza, Gregg L; Sen, Utpal; Serra, Andreas L; Serrano-Puebla, Ana; Sesaki, Hiromi; Setoguchi, Takao; Settembre, Carmine; Shacka, John J; Shajahan-Haq, Ayesha N; 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PMCID:4835977
PMID: 26799652
ISSN: 1554-8635
CID: 1922322
Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
Forouzanfar, Mohammad H; Alexander, Lily; Anderson, H Ross; Bachman, Victoria F; Biryukov, Stan; Brauer, Michael; Burnett, Richard; Casey, Daniel; Coates, Matthew M; Cohen, Aaron; Delwiche, Kristen; Estep, Kara; Frostad, Joseph J; Astha, K C; Kyu, Hmwe H; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Ng, Marie; Slepak, Erica Leigh; Thomas, Bernadette A; Wagner, Joseph; Aasvang, Gunn Marit; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abbasoglu Ozgoren, Ayse; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abera, Semaw F; Aboyans, Victor; Abraham, Biju; Abraham, Jerry Puthenpurakal; Abubakar, Ibrahim; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E; Aburto, Tania C; Achoki, Tom; Adelekan, Ademola; Adofo, Koranteng; Adou, Arsene K; Adsuar, Jose C; Afshin, Ashkan; Agardh, Emilie E; Al Khabouri, Mazin J; Al Lami, Faris H; Alam, Sayed Saidul; Alasfoor, Deena; Albittar, Mohammed I; Alegretti, Miguel A; Aleman, Alicia V; Alemu, Zewdie A; Alfonso-Cristancho, Rafael; Alhabib, Samia; Ali, Raghib; Ali, Mohammed K; Alla, Francois; Allebeck, Peter; Allen, Peter J; Alsharif, Ubai; Alvarez, Elena; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; 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Heuton, Kyle R; Heydarpour, Pouria; Hijar, Martha; Hoek, Hans W; Hoffman, Howard J; Hornberger, John C; Hosgood, H Dean; Hoy, Damian G; Hsairi, Mohamed; Hu, Guoqing; Hu, Howard; Huang, Cheng; Huang, John J; Hubbell, Bryan J; Huiart, Laetitia; Husseini, Abdullatif; Iannarone, Marissa L; Iburg, Kim M; Idrisov, Bulat T; Ikeda, Nayu; Innos, Kaire; Inoue, Manami; Islami, Farhad; Ismayilova, Samaya; Jacobsen, Kathryn H; Jansen, Henrica A; Jarvis, Deborah L; Jassal, Simerjot K; Jauregui, Alejandra; Jayaraman, Sudha; Jeemon, Panniyammakal; Jensen, Paul N; Jha, Vivekanand; Jiang, Fan; Jiang, Guohong; Jiang, Ying; Jonas, Jost B; Juel, Knud; Kan, Haidong; Kany Roseline, Sidibe S; Karam, Nadim E; Karch, Andre; Karema, Corine K; Karthikeyan, Ganesan; Kaul, Anil; Kawakami, Norito; Kazi, Dhruv S; Kemp, Andrew H; Kengne, Andre P; Keren, Andre; Khader, Yousef S; Khalifa, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan; Khan, Ejaz A; Khang, Young-Ho; Khatibzadeh, Shahab; Khonelidze, Irma; Kieling, Christian; Kim, Daniel; Kim, Sungroul; 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BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution. METHODS: Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk-outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990-2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol. FINDINGS: All risks combined account for 57.2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55.8-58.5) of deaths and 41.6% (40.1-43.0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87.9% (86.5-89.3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11.3 million deaths and 241.4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10.4 million deaths and 208.1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1.7 million deaths and 176.9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6.1 million deaths and 143.5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5.5 million deaths and 141.5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4.4 million deaths and 134.0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa. INTERPRETATION: Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
PMCID:4685753
PMID: 26364544
ISSN: 1474-547x
CID: 2033272
Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990-2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition
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Skirbekk, Vegard; Slepak, Erica Leigh; Sliwa, Karen; Soneji, Samir; Soreide, Kjetil; Soshnikov, Sergey; Sposato, Luciano A; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T; Stanaway, Jeffrey D; Stathopoulou, Vasiliki; Stein, Dan J; Stein, Murray B; Steiner, Caitlyn; Steiner, Timothy J; Stevens, Antony; Stewart, Andrea; Stovner, Lars J; Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos; Sunguya, Bruno F; Swaminathan, Soumya; Swaroop, Mamta; Sykes, Bryan L; Tabb, Karen M; Takahashi, Ken; Tandon, Nikhil; Tanne, David; Tanner, Marcel; Tavakkoli, Mohammad; Taylor, Hugh R; Te Ao, Braden J; Tediosi, Fabrizio; Temesgen, Awoke M; Templin, Tara; Ten Have, Margreet; Tenkorang, Eric Y; Terkawi, Abdullah S; Thomson, Blake; Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L; Thrift, Amanda G; Thurston, George D; Tillmann, Taavi; Tonelli, Marcello; Topouzis, Fotis; Toyoshima, Hideaki; Traebert, Jefferson; Tran, Bach X; Trillini, Matias; Truelsen, Thomas; Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis; Tuzcu, Emin M; Uchendu, Uche S; Ukwaja, Kingsley N; Undurraga, Eduardo A; Uzun, Selen B; 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BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) aims to bring together all available epidemiological data using a coherent measurement framework, standardised estimation methods, and transparent data sources to enable comparisons of health loss over time and across causes, age-sex groups, and countries. The GBD can be used to generate summary measures such as disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE) that make possible comparative assessments of broad epidemiological patterns across countries and time. These summary measures can also be used to quantify the component of variation in epidemiology that is related to sociodemographic development. METHODS: We used the published GBD 2013 data for age-specific mortality, years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) to calculate DALYs and HALE for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2013 for 188 countries. We calculated HALE using the Sullivan method; 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) represent uncertainty in age-specific death rates and YLDs per person for each country, age, sex, and year. We estimated DALYs for 306 causes for each country as the sum of YLLs and YLDs; 95% UIs represent uncertainty in YLL and YLD rates. We quantified patterns of the epidemiological transition with a composite indicator of sociodemographic status, which we constructed from income per person, average years of schooling after age 15 years, and the total fertility rate and mean age of the population. We applied hierarchical regression to DALY rates by cause across countries to decompose variance related to the sociodemographic status variable, country, and time. FINDINGS: Worldwide, from 1990 to 2013, life expectancy at birth rose by 6.2 years (95% UI 5.6-6.6), from 65.3 years (65.0-65.6) in 1990 to 71.5 years (71.0-71.9) in 2013, HALE at birth rose by 5.4 years (4.9-5.8), from 56.9 years (54.5-59.1) to 62.3 years (59.7-64.8), total DALYs fell by 3.6% (0.3-7.4), and age-standardised DALY rates per 100 000 people fell by 26.7% (24.6-29.1). For communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders, global DALY numbers, crude rates, and age-standardised rates have all declined between 1990 and 2013, whereas for non-communicable diseases, global DALYs have been increasing, DALY rates have remained nearly constant, and age-standardised DALY rates declined during the same period. From 2005 to 2013, the number of DALYs increased for most specific non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms, in addition to dengue, food-borne trematodes, and leishmaniasis; DALYs decreased for nearly all other causes. By 2013, the five leading causes of DALYs were ischaemic heart disease, lower respiratory infections, cerebrovascular disease, low back and neck pain, and road injuries. Sociodemographic status explained more than 50% of the variance between countries and over time for diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and other common infectious diseases; maternal disorders; neonatal disorders; nutritional deficiencies; other communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases; musculoskeletal disorders; and other non-communicable diseases. However, sociodemographic status explained less than 10% of the variance in DALY rates for cardiovascular diseases; chronic respiratory diseases; cirrhosis; diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine diseases; unintentional injuries; and self-harm and interpersonal violence. Predictably, increased sociodemographic status was associated with a shift in burden from YLLs to YLDs, driven by declines in YLLs and increases in YLDs from musculoskeletal disorders, neurological disorders, and mental and substance use disorders. In most country-specific estimates, the increase in life expectancy was greater than that in HALE. Leading causes of DALYs are highly variable across countries. INTERPRETATION: Global health is improving. Population growth and ageing have driven up numbers of DALYs, but crude rates have remained relatively constant, showing that progress in health does not mean fewer demands on health systems. The notion of an epidemiological transition--in which increasing sociodemographic status brings structured change in disease burden--is useful, but there is tremendous variation in burden of disease that is not associated with sociodemographic status. This further underscores the need for country-specific assessments of DALYs and HALE to appropriately inform health policy decisions and attendant actions. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
PMCID:4673910
PMID: 26321261
ISSN: 1474-547x
CID: 2033262
