Faculty Bibliography

OBJECTIVES/OBJECTIVE:This study sought to minimize the risk of permanent pacemaker implantation (PPMI) with contemporary repositionable self-expanding transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). BACKGROUND:Self-expanding TAVR traditionally carries a high risk of PPMI. Limited data exist on the use of the repositionable devices to minimize this risk. METHODS:At NYU Langone Health, 248 consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis underwent TAVR under conscious sedation with repositionable self-expanding TAVR with a standard approach to device implantation. A detailed analysis of multiple factors contributing to PPMI was performed; this was used to generate an anatomically guided MInimizing Depth According to the membranous Septum (MIDAS) approach to device implantation, aiming for pre-release depth in relation to the noncoronary cusp of less than the length of the membranous septum (MS). RESULTS:Right bundle branch block, MS length, largest device size (Evolut 34 XL; Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota), and implant depth > MS length predicted PPMI. On multivariate analysis, only implant depth > MS length (odds ratio: 8.04 [95% confidence interval: 2.58 to 25.04]; p < 0.001) and Evolut 34 XL (odds ratio: 4.96 [95% confidence interval: 1.68 to 14.63]; p = 0.004) were independent predictors of PPMI. The MIDAS approach was applied prospectively to a consecutive series of 100 patients, with operators aiming to position the device at a depth of < MS length whenever possible; this reduced the new PPMI rate from 9.7% (24 of 248) in the standard cohort to 3.0% (p = 0.035), and the rate of new left bundle branch block from 25.8% to 9% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:Using a patient-specific MIDAS approach to device implantation, repositionable self-expanding TAVR achieved very low and predictable rates of PPMI which are significantly lower than previously reported with self-expanding TAVR.

Pharmacotherapy for percutaneous coronary interventions is essential to optimize the balance between thrombosis and bleeding. Currently, choices abound for the selection of antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapies during percutaneous intervention (PCI). This review article discusses the mechanisms, pharmacokinetics/dynamics, and clinical data behind the various pharmacotherapies including; aspirin, thienopyridines, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, vorapaxar, heparin, direct thrombin inhibitors, and factor Xa inhibitors.