Faculty Bibliography

Diversification is an important aspect of professional schools. As the representation of racial minorities has been steady at a fairly low percentage, professional schools have struggled with the lack of diversity in their student population for decades. There are numerous consequences resulting from this underrepresentation. The need for dental, medical, osteopathic treatments and law servicesis unmet formany racial and ethnic minorities. It is important to have the presence of minority health care professionals who may meet the needs of minority communities. In addition, the lack of diversity on the student body population also affects the quality of education. Diversity in education allows for learning that occurs through the interaction of people of different races and ethnicities. The object of this study is to assess the changes in the diversity of professional school applicants over a ten year periods using gender and race/ethnicity datain the United States

Four anthropomorphic phantoms (an adult male, an adult female, a 10-y-old child and a 5-y-old child) were exposed to bitewing radiographs at film and digital settings using both rectangular and round collimation. Optically stimulated dosemeters were used. For children, average organ doses were <40 microGy and the organs with the highest doses were the salivary glands, parotid, oral mucosa, skin and extrathoracic airway. For adults, average organ doses were <200 microGy. Highest adult doses were to the salivary glands, oral mucosa and skin. Effective doses ranged from 1.5 to 1.8 microSv for children and from 2.6 to 3.6 microSv for adults when optimised technique factors were employed, including digital receptors, rectangular collimation, size-appropriate exposure times and proper clinical judgment. Optimised doses were a fraction of the natural daily background exposure. Therefore, predictions of hypothetical cancer incidence or detriment in patient populations exposed to such low doses are highly speculative and should be discouraged.