Faculty Bibliography

BACKGROUND:Periodontal disease (PerioD) is a chronic, complex inflammatory condition resulting from the interaction between subgingival dysbiotic bacteria and the host immune response leading to local inflammation. Since periodontal inflammation is characterized by multiple cytokines effects we investigated whether Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area (PISA), a continuous measure of clinical periodontal inflammation is a predictor of composite indexes of salivary cytokines. METHODS AND FINDINGS/RESULTS:In a cross-sectional study of 67 healthy, well-educated individuals, we evaluated PISA and several cytokines expressed in whole stimulated saliva. Two salivary cytokine indexes were constructed using weighted and unweighted approaches based on a Principal Component Analysis [named Cytokine Component Index (CCI)] or averaging the (standardized) level of all cytokines [named Composite Inflammatory Index (CII)]. In regression analysis we found that PISA scores were significantly associated with both salivary cytokine constructs, (CCI: part R = 0.51, p<0.001; CII: part R = 0.40, p = 0.001) independent of age, gender and BMI showing that single scores summarizing salivary cytokines correlated with severity of clinical periodontal inflammation. CONCLUSIONS:Clinical periodontal inflammation may be reflected by a single score encompassing several salivary cytokines. These results are consistent with the complexity of interactions characterizing periodontal disease. In addition, Type I error is likely to be avoided.

Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic oral diseases. Dietary habits, oral hygiene, and accessibility to preventive interventions, notably fluoridated water, are critical elements of the causative pie in the multifactorial onset of dental caries. This paper investigates if the total sugar consumption in grams or percentage of total daily energy intake changes the likelihood of developing dental caries after adjusting for the water source, gender, family income, and race. The prevalence of dental caries experience, the mean incidence of tooth decay experience, and the proportion of energy consumed from sweets were all calculated using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) for the years 2011"“2012 and 2015"“2016, along with the corresponding weights. Logistic regressions with many variables and levels were employed for the analysis. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were presented. In 2011-2012, 69.03% and 2015-16, 69.93% of the US population had at least one caries experience. When stratified by age, dental caries experience was most prevalent amongst adolescents at 70.64% at 11-20 years in 2011-12 and 70.28% at 2-5 years 2015-16. The mean daily sugar consumption was 115.34 grams and 103.32 grams in 2011-12, respectively; 23.96% and 22.08% of mean daily energy consumption from sugar were observed in both years. In 2011"“ 2012, Americans consumed 23.3% of their daily energy from sugars on average and 21.02% in 2015-16. The Chi-square test was not significant for categories of sugar consumption and caries experience. The overall amount of sugar consumed in grammes and the amount consumed as a proportion of total daily calorie intake changed in neither year, and neither did the likelihood of developing dental caries. The findings mentioned above confirm earlier research that net sugar consumption does not affect experience with caries; rather, the dietary aspect of the causative pie of caries experience has to be thoroughly researched in light of contemporary developments in dental public health.

One hundred-twenty composite restorations were placed either for new carious lesions or for restorations requiring replacement. All restorations were randomized by surface and restoration class. Eighty Class II restorations were placed on molars. The remaining 40 were placed on premolars, all of which were bonded. In summary, there were no differences in objective measurements of the 111 restorations recalled at six months and at 12 months. Measurements of the iBOND and GLUMA restorations included margin staining, margin breakdown, surface wear and postoperative hypersensitivity. The quicker one-step offers the advantage of timesavings, with no loss of excellent results, compared to the two-step etching technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to assess the ability of a dentifrice containing 8% arginine and calcium carbonate (Pro-Argin' Technology), and 1450 ppm fluoride as sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) to prevent enamel loss from an erosive acid challenge in comparison to a silica-based dentifrice with 1450 ppm fluoride as MFP using an intra-oral erosion model. METHODS:The intra-oral clinical study used a double blind, two-treatment, crossover design. A palatal retainer was used to expose the enamel specimens to the oral environment during the five-day treatment period. The retainer was designed to house three partially demineralized bovine enamel samples. The study population was composed of 24 adults, ages 18 to 70 years. The study consisted of two treatment periods, with a washout period lasting seven (+/- three) days preceding each treatment phase. A silica-based dentifrice without fluoride was used during the washout period. The Test Dentifrice used in this study contained 8% arginine and calcium carbonate (Pro-Argin Technology), and 1450 ppm fluoride as sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP). The Control Dentifrice was silica-based and contained 1450 ppm fluoride as MFP. The treatment period lasted five days, during which the panelists wore the retainer 24 hours a day (except during meals and the ex vivo acid challenges) and brushed with their assigned product while wearing the retainer. The panelists brushed once in the morning and once in the evening each day for one minute, followed by a one-minute swish with the slurry and a rinse with 15 ml of water. The panelists brushed only their teeth and not the specimens directly. There were four ex vivo challenges with 1% citric acid dispersed throughout the day: two in the morning, one in the afternoon, and one in the evening. Mineral loss was monitored by a quantitative light fluorescence (QLF) technique. RESULTS:Twenty-three of 24 subjects successfully completed the study. The one subject who did not complete the study did so for reasons unrelated to the study or products used. The average percent mineral loss for the Test Dentifrice and Control Dentifrice was 9.74 +/- 13.23 and 18.36 +/- 14.14, respectively. The statistical analysis showed that the observed product differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:The Test Dentifrice with 8% arginine, calcium carbonate, and 1450 ppm fluoride as MFP provided significantly better protection against erosive challenges in comparison to the Control Dentifrice with 1450 ppm fluoride as MFP.

Catastrophic preparedness should be incorporated into the dental school curriculum. The experience at New York University College of Dentistry is that a combination of catastrophic preparedness elements integrated within existing courses with a short, meaningful capstone course dedicated to all hazards preparedness can be accomplished successfully and meet proposed competencies for training in the dental curriculum. The roles and responsibilities in catastrophic response preparedness and response of dentists are actively being discussed by the dental profession. An element of that discussion has to include the 'what' and 'how' of education and training for dentists at the predoctoral level and after dental school graduation. The concepts presented in this article should be debated at all levels of the profession

This article describes an integrated fourth-year course in catastrophe preparedness for students at the New York University College of Dentistry (NYUCD). The curriculum is built around the competencies proposed in 'Predoctoral Dental School Curriculum for Catastrophe Preparedness,' published in the August 2004 Journal of Dental Education. We highlight our experience developing the program and offer suggestions to other dental schools considering adding bioterrorism studies to their curriculum

Ceramic and metal-ceramic restorations have the potential to fracture. Repairing porcelain restorations has become a serious cosmetic and clinical problem. By using porcelain-repair systems, porcelain fractures can be predictably fixed without removal of a prosthesis. The newest porcelain-repair systems show excellent durability of adhesion as well as bond strength. This article presents an overview of the techniques and materials and compares the four most-popular intraoral porcelain-repair systems