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Periventricular lesions help differentiate neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders from multiple sclerosis

Raz, Eytan; Loh, John P; Saba, Luca; Omari, Mirza; Herbert, Joseph; Lui, Yvonne; Kister, Ilya
Objective. To compare periventricular lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOsd). Materials and Methods. Sagittal and axial fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences of 20 NMOsd and 40 group frequency-matched MS patients were evaluated by two neuroradiologists. On axial FLAIR, periventricular area was characterized as free of lesions/smooth-bordered ("type A") or jagged-bordered ("type B") pattern. On sagittal FLAIR, the images were evaluated for presence of "Dawson's fingers." Results. Type A pattern was observed in 80% of NMOsd patients by Reader 1 and 85% by Reader 2 but only in 5% MS patients by either Reader. Type B was seen in 15% NMOsd patients by Reader 1 and 20% by Reader 2 and in 95% MS patients by either Reader. Dawson's fingers were observed in no NMOsd patients by Reader 1 and 5% by Reader 2. In MS, Dawson's fingers were seen in 92.5% patients by Reader 1 and 77.5% by Reader 2. The differences in periventricular patterns and Dawson's finger detection between NMOsd and MS were highly significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions. Dawson's fingers and "jagged-bordered" periventricular hyperintensities are typical of MS and almost never seen in NMOsd, which suggests a practical method for differentiating the two diseases.
PMCID:3934317
PMID: 24665366
ISSN: 2090-2654
CID: 867152

Sound Lateralization Test Distinguishes Unimpaired MS Patients from Healthy Controls

Bacon, Joshua H; Kister, Ilya; Bacon, Tamar E; Pasternak, Eliana; Strauchler, Yael; Herbert, Joseph
There is an urgent need to develop a practical and reliable clinical measure of disease progression in early and mild MS. We hypothesized that a test of sound lateralization, which is exquisitely sensitive to transmission delays in auditory brainstem, could be more useful for detecting processing speed deficits in mildly impaired MS subjects than standard cognitive tasks. Objective. To develop a practical test of sound lateralization for the clinic and to compare performance of MS subjects with variable disability and healthy subjects on Sound Lateralization Test (SLT) and two speed-of-processing tasks. Design. 42 healthy controls and 90 subjects with clinically definite MS, divided into no, mild, and moderate disability strata, were administered the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and 3-second Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). Results. All of the tests showed an overall difference in performance between controls and the three MS groups, but only the SLT measured a significant difference between controls and the no disability group. Conclusion. SLT is rapidly applied, technically simple, and superior to standard processing speed tests for discriminating between healthy controls and nondisabled MS subjects. SLT should be investigated as an outcome measure in early-phase trials and for monitoring early disease progression in the clinic.
PMCID:4124231
PMID: 25132994
ISSN: 2090-2654
CID: 1132092

Adult-onset spastic paraparesis: An approach to diagnostic work-up [Review]

Ryerson, Lana Zhovtis; Herbert, Joseph; Howard, Jonathan; Kister, Ilya
ISI:000345947400008
ISSN: 0022-510x
CID: 5191862

Distinction of seropositive NMO spectrum disorder and MS brain lesion distribution [Letter]

Kister, Ilya; Ge, Yulin; Herbert, Joseph; Sinnecker, Tim; Wuerfel, Jens; Paul, Friedemann
PMID: 24276335
ISSN: 0028-3878
CID: 723572

Intravenous immunoglobulin administration affects John Cunningham virus antibody serostatus [Meeting Abstract]

Kister, I.; Chamot, E.; Omari, M.; Kuester, G.; Subramanyam, M.; Dontas, K.; Yarussi, M.; Herbert, J.
ISI:000328751402117
ISSN: 1352-4585
CID: 816832

Disability in multiple sclerosis: A reference for patients and clinicians

Kister, Ilya; Chamot, Eric; Salter, Amber R; Cutter, Gary R; Bacon, Tamar E; Herbert, Joseph
OBJECTIVE: To create a reference table of disability outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS) that would enable patients to rank their disability relative to others' with similar disease duration and to develop a cost-effective research tool for comparing MS severity across patient populations and time periods. METHODS: The North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) Registry collects disability data from patients with MS on a validated, 9-point Patient-Determined Disease Steps (PDDS) scale. We compiled the Disability Expectancy Table, which displays cumulative frequencies of PDDS scores for each year of disease duration, from 0 to 45 years. We also tabulated disease duration-adjusted mean ranks of PDDS scores, referred to as Patient-derived MS Severity Scores (P-MSSS). RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 27,918 NARCOMS enrollees, 72.7% of whom were female and 90.1% of whom were white. Mean age at symptom onset was 30.1 +/- 10.1 years, and age at enrollment was 47.1 +/- 11.0 years. The Disability Expectancy Table and P-MSSS afford a detailed overview of disability outcomes in a large MS cohort over a 45-year period. In the first year of disease, 15% of patients reported need of ambulatory aid, and 4% needed bilateral assistance or worse; after 45 years of disease, 76% of patients required ambulatory aid, and 52% bilateral assistance or worse. Proportion of patients who reported minimal or no interference in daily activities (PDDS
PMCID:3653203
PMID: 23427319
ISSN: 0028-3878
CID: 242272

Ultrahigh-Field MR (7 T) Imaging of Brain Lesions in Neuromyelitis Optica

Kister, Ilya; Herbert, Joseph; Zhou, Yongxia; Ge, Yulin
Background. Brain lesions are common in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOsd) and may resemble lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives. To describe the imaging characteristics of supratentorial lesions in NMOsd on ultrahigh-field (7 T) MRI with special attention to vessel-lesion relationship. Methods. Ten NMOsd patients, all women and all seropositive for NMO IgG, with mean age of 51.3 +/- 15.4 years and disease duration of 9.2 +/- 6.4 years, were scanned at a 7 T whole-body human MR system with high-resolution 2D gradient echo sequence optimized to best visualize lesions and venous structures, T2- and T1-weighted imaging. Results. In 10 patients with NMOsd, a total of 92 lesions were observed (mean: 9.2 +/- 8.8; range: 2-30), but only 8 lesions (9%) were traversed by a central venule. All lesions were <5 mm in diameter, and 83% were located in subcortical white matter. There were no lesions in the cortex or basal ganglia. Two patients exhibited diffuse periependymal abnormalities on FLAIR. Conclusions. Small, subcortical lesions without a central venule are the most consistent finding of NMOsd on 7 T MRI of the brain. Ultrahigh-field imaging may be useful for differentiating between NMOsd and MS.
PMCID:3568863
PMID: 23431447
ISSN: 2090-2654
CID: 301182

Natural history of multiple sclerosis symptoms

Kister, Ilya; Bacon, Tamar E; Chamot, Eric; Salter, Amber R; Cutter, Gary R; Kalina, Jennifer T; Herbert, Joseph
The North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) Registry is a database that contains information from over 35,000 patient volunteers on symptom severity in 11 domains commonly affected in multiple sclerosis (MS): mobility, hand function, vision, fatigue, cognition, bowel/bladder function, sensory, spasticity, pain, depression, and tremor/coordination. The Registry affords a unique opportunity to study the frequency and severity of domain-specific impairment in a contemporary, mostly treated MS cohort over the course of the disease. The objective of this work was to calculate symptom prevalence in each of the 11 domains for years 0 to 30 from symptom onset. The resulting "symptom prevalence tables" demonstrate that a majority of participants perceive at least some degree of impairment in most domains as early as the first year of disease. The severity of impairment increases with disease duration across all domains, but the patterns of disability accumulation differ. The symptom prevalence tables illustrate the magnitude of perceived impact of the disease and highlight the extent of unmet need in symptomatic management. The tables are easy to use and allow MS patients and their clinicians to compare an individual's own impairment in any of the 11 domains to that of NARCOMS participants with the same disease duration.
PMCID:3883021
PMID: 24453777
ISSN: 1537-2073
CID: 760072

Pontine Infarction as a Complication of Basilar-Type Migraine Status Migrainosus [Meeting Abstract]

Vollbracht, Sarah; Robbins, Matthew; Kister, Ilya
ISI:000332068600250
ISSN: 1526-632x
CID: 2225812

Patient-determined MS Severity Scale: Ranking disease severity based on patient-rated disability [Meeting Abstract]

Kister, I; Chamot, E; Cutter, G; Salter, A; Bacon, T E; Herbert, J
Background: Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS; Roxburgh et al, Neurology; 64:1144) is a mean rank of Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) among patients with same disease duration. MSSS has been used to compare disease severity in different patient populations and for monitoring treatment response in groups of patients. Clinical utility of MSSS is limited by the requirement for objective assessment of EDSS score by a trained MS specialist. Patient-Determined Disability Steps (PDDS).is a validated, nine-point disability scale that does not require clinician input. A ranking scale of PDDS, an analogue of MSSS, may be a practical and cost-effective tool for monitoring long-term outcomes in groups of patients. Objective: To develop a ranking scale of Patient-Determined Disability Steps (PDDS) using the North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) Registry as the reference population. Design/Methods: All NARCOMS registrants with known PDDS and disease duration of 1-45 years at PDDS were included in the study. Frequency-ranking methodology (Roxburgh, et al. Neurology; 64:1144) was applied to the NARCOMS dataset to derive disease duration-adjusted mean ranks of PDDS scores. We termed the new measure, 'Patient-derived MS Severity Score' (P-MSSS). We also calculated disease duration-adjusted maximum rank (or prevalence) of each PDDS. The data for mean rank (P-MSSS) and maximum rank (prevalence) of all PDDS scores for the first 45 years of disease was graphically represented in the form of P-MSSS Reference Table. Results: The cohort was comprised of 27,918 NARCOMS enrollees, of whom 72.7% were female and 90.1% were White. Mean age of symptom onset was 30.1 (+10.1) years, and age at enrollment was 47.1 (+11.0) years. P-MSSS Reference Table represents frequency-rank of disability for each of the first 45 years since symptom onset. About half of the enrollees described their disability as "limiting daily activities" or worse just one year after disease, and two-thirds - after 5!
EMBASE:71362103
ISSN: 1352-4585
CID: 853802