Faculty Bibliography

The preliminary results of magnetization transfer (MT) imaging on a whole body 4.0 T system are presented. Cooked egg phantoms and several volunteers were imaged on 1.5 and 4.0 T magnets interfaced to GE Signa scanners. The MT ratio (MTR), signal difference to noise ratio (SDNR), and contrast parameters were measured at both fields and compared. Furthermore, single-shot Z-spectroscopy was used to characterize the frequency dependence of the MT phenomenon. The results show that MT imaging can be safely performed at 4.0 T without exceeding limitations of radio frequency power. The MT effect is more pronounced at the higher field, leading to better quality images with higher contrast and SDNR. The Z-spectra are not markedly different at the higher field although the MTR is greater. The potential applications of this technique to study neurodegenerative diseases, as well as, perfusion imaging and angiography are discussed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;10:527-532.

Sodium multiple quantum (MQ) spectroscopy of the human breast in vivo was performed. Double quantum (DQ) filtered spectra were used to demonstrate the existence of a non-vanishing (residual) quadrupolar interaction in the tissue. Triple quantum (TQ) filtered spectra were used to measure the two time constants associated with the biexponential transverse relaxation times of sodium in biological tissues. The two time constants were found to be 0.64 and 26.57 msec. The potential applications of this finding are discussed.

The effects of mechanical compression on the multiple quantum coherences generated from sodium ions in articular cartilage were investigated. Cartilage samples obtained from bovine patellae were studied during compression at 0.7 MPa (100 psi) for 1 hour. The double quantum filtered spectra showed marked lineshape changes in the compressed samples. Compression did not seem to influence the lineshapes of the single quantum and triple quantum filtered spectra significantly. We found that the residual quadrupolar interaction was reduced in the compressed samples. Changes in the ordering of collagen fibers may be responsible for the observed effect.

Spin-lattice relaxation in the rotating frame (T1rho) dispersion spectroscopy and imaging were used to study normal and enzymatically degraded bovine articular cartilage. Normal specimens demonstrate significant T1rho "dispersion" (approximately 60 to approximately 130 ms) in the 100 Hz to 9 kHz frequency range. Proteoglycan-degraded specimens have 33% greater T1rho values than collagen-degraded or normal samples. T1rho-weighted images reveal structure not found in conventional T1- or T2-weighted images. Our results suggest that T1rho measurements are selectively sensitive to proteoglycan content. The potential of this method in distinguishing the early degenerative changes in cartilage associated with osteoarthritis is discussed.