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Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2011:24(2):214-8.DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2010.12.002

Normal values for left ventricular volume in infants and young children by the echocardiographic subxiphoid five-sixth area by length (bullet) method

Lytrivi, Irene D; Bhatla, Puneet; Ko, H Helen; Yau, Jen; Geiger, Miwa K; Walsh, Rowan; Parness, Ira A; Srivastava, Shubhika; Nielsen, James C
BACKGROUND: Left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) can be estimated by the formula (5/6) x area x length, or the "bullet" method. The aim of this study was to determine the range of normal LVEDV values in infants and young children (aged 0-3 years) by the subxiphoid bullet method. METHODS: Echocardiograms from 100 normal subjects aged
PMID: 21281912
ISSN: 0894-7317
CID: 174704
Echocardiography. 2010:27(6):691-5.DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2009.01120.x

The accuracy of echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular size in children by the 5/6 area x length (bullet) method

Nielsen, James C; Lytrivi, Irene D; Ko, H Helen; Yau, Jen; Bhatla, Puneet; Parness, Ira A; Srivastava, Shubhika
INTRODUCTION: Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) calculation is important in decision making in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). This study examined the accuracy of LVEDV calculation by the formula: 5/6 x area x length ("bullet" method), by comparing echocardiographic (ECHO) LVEDV against cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). METHODS: ECHO and CMR data from 72 consecutive subjects with CHD < or =10 years of age were retrospectively reviewed. Exclusion criteria included: >3 months between examinations; unavailable or poor-quality images. Subxiphoid short- and long-axis echocardiographic images were analyzed. Bullet LVEDV was compared to CMR volumes. RESULTS: Seventeen subjects (median age 5.5 years, range 1-10 years) comprised the study group. ECHO and CMR LVEDV showed an excellent correlation (r = 0.97) and a good agreement with a mean difference (limits of agreement) of -1.0 mL (-13.9 to 11.9 mL). CONCLUSIONS: Subxiphoid echocardiographic bullet method of measuring LVEDV shows a good agreement with CMR obtained LV size in young children.
PMID: 20412269
ISSN: 0742-2822
CID: 174705