NYUHSL Faculty Bibliography

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451

Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, & vascular biology. 2021:41(4):1284-1290.DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.314211

Diabetes and Metabolic Drivers of Trained Immunity: New Therapeutic Targets Beyond Glucose

Choudhury, Robin P; Edgar, Laurienne; Rydén, Mikael; Fisher, Edward A

[Figure: see text].

PMID: 33657881

ISSN: 1524-4636

CID: 4862012

Communications biology. 2021:4.DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01925-5

Inhibiting LXRÎ± phosphorylation in hematopoietic cells reduces inflammation and attenuates atherosclerosis and obesity in mice

Voisin, Maud; Shrestha, Elina; Rollet, Claire; Nikain, Cyrus A; Josefs, Tatjana; Mahé, Mélanie; Barrett, Tessa J; Chang, Hye Rim; Ruoff, Rachel; Schneider, Jeffrey A; Garabedian, Michela L; Zoumadakis, Chris; Yun, Chi; Badwan, Bara; Brown, Emily J; Mar, Adam C; Schneider, Robert J; Goldberg, Ira J; Pineda-Torra, Inés; Fisher, Edward A; Garabedian, Michael J

Atherosclerosis and obesity share pathological features including inflammation mediated by innate and adaptive immune cells. LXRÎ± plays a central role in the transcription of inflammatory and metabolic genes. LXRÎ± is modulated by phosphorylation at serine 196 (LXRÎ± pS196), however, the consequences of LXRÎ± pS196 in hematopoietic cell precursors in atherosclerosis and obesity have not been investigated. To assess the importance of LXRÎ± phosphorylation, bone marrow from LXRÎ±Â WT and S196A mice was transplanted into Ldlr^-/- mice, which were fed a western diet prior to evaluation of atherosclerosis and obesity. Plaques from S196A mice showed reduced inflammatory monocyte recruitment, lipid accumulation, and macrophage proliferation. Expression profiling of CD68⁺ and T cells from S196A mouse plaques revealed downregulation of pro-inflammatory genes and in the case of CD68⁺ upregulation of mitochondrial genes characteristic of anti-inflammatory macrophages. Furthermore, S196A mice had lower body weight and less visceral adipose tissue; this was associated with transcriptional reprograming of the adipose tissue macrophages and T cells, and resolution of inflammation resulting in less fat accumulation within adipocytes. Thus, reducing LXRÎ± pS196 in hematopoietic cells attenuates atherosclerosis and obesity by reprogramming the transcriptional activity of LXRÎ± in macrophages and T cells to promote an anti-inflammatory phenotype.

PMID: 33772096

ISSN: 2399-3642

CID: 4823692

Circulation research. 2021:128(6):690-705.DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.317458

Atherosclerosis Regression and Cholesterol Efflux in Hypertriglyceridemic Mice

Josefs, Tatjana; Basu, Debapriya; Vaisar, Tomas; Arets, Britt; Kanter, Jenny E; Huggins, Lesley-Ann; Hu, Yunying; Liu, Jianhua; Clouet-Foraison, Noemie; Heinecke, Jay W; Bornfeldt, Karin E; Goldberg, Ira J; Fisher, Edward A

[Figure: see text].

PMCID:7979499

PMID: 33530703

ISSN: 1524-4571

CID: 4850882

eLife. 2021:10.DOI: 10.7554/eLife.67932

Wnt signaling enhances macrophage responses to IL-4 and promotes resolution of atherosclerosis

Weinstock, Ada; Rahman, Karishma; Yaacov, Or; Nishi, Hitoo; Menon, Prashanthi; Nikain, Cyrus A; Garabedian, Michela L; Pena, Stephanie; Akbar, Naveed; Sansbury, Brian E; Heffron, Sean P; Liu, Jianhua; Marecki, Gregory; Fernandez, Dawn; Brown, Emily J; Ruggles, Kelly V; Ramsey, Stephen; Giannarelli, Chiara; Spite, Matthew; Choudhury, Robin P; Loke, P'ng; Fisher, Edward A

Atherosclerosis is a disease of chronic inflammation. We investigated the roles of the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, the classical activators of STAT6, in the resolution of atherosclerosis inflammation. Using Il4^-/-Il13^-/- mice, resolution was impaired, and in control mice, in both progressing and resolving plaques, levels of IL-4 were stably low, and IL-13 was undetectable. This suggested that IL-4 is required for atherosclerosis resolution, but collaborates with other factors. We had observed increased Wnt signaling in macrophages in resolving plaques, and human genetic data from others showed that a loss-of-function Wnt mutation was associated with premature atherosclerosis. We now find an inverse association between activation of Wnt signaling and disease severity in mice and humans. Wnt enhanced the expression of inflammation resolving factors after treatment with plaque-relevant low concentrations of IL-4. Mechanistically, activation of the Wnt pathway following lipid lowering potentiates IL-4 responsiveness in macrophages via a PGE₂/STAT3 axis.

PMID: 33720008

ISSN: 2050-084x

CID: 4817422

Science translational medicine. 2021:13(584).DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe1433

Prosaposin mediates inflammation in atherosclerosis

van Leent, Mandy M T; Beldman, Thijs J; Toner, Yohana C; Lameijer, Marnix A; Rother, Nils; Bekkering, Siroon; Teunissen, Abraham J P; Zhou, Xianxiao; van der Meel, Roy; Malkus, Joost; Nauta, Sheqouia A; Klein, Emma D; Fay, Francois; Sanchez-Gaytan, Brenda L; Pérez-Medina, Carlos; Kluza, Ewelina; Ye, Yu-Xiang; Wojtkiewicz, Gregory; Fisher, Edward A; Swirski, Filip K; Nahrendorf, Matthias; Zhang, Bin; Li, Yang; Zhang, Bowen; Joosten, Leo A B; Pasterkamp, Gerard; Boltjes, Arjan; Fayad, Zahi A; Lutgens, Esther; Netea, Mihai G; Riksen, Niels P; Mulder, Willem J M; Duivenvoorden, RaphaÃ«l

Macrophages play a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The inflammatory properties of these cells are dictated by their metabolism, of which the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is a key regulator. Using myeloid cell-specific nanobiologics in apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe^-/-) mice, we found that targeting the mTOR and ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1 (S6K1) signaling pathways rapidly diminished plaque macrophages' inflammatory activity. By investigating transcriptome modifications, we identified Psap, a gene encoding the lysosomal protein prosaposin, as closely related with mTOR signaling. Subsequent in vitro experiments revealed that Psap inhibition suppressed both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Transplantation of Psap^-/- bone marrow to low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (Ldlr^-/-) mice led to a reduction in atherosclerosis development and plaque inflammation. Last, we confirmed the relationship between PSAP expression and inflammation in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into the development of atherosclerosis and identify prosaposin as a potential therapeutic target.

PMID: 33692130

ISSN: 1946-6242

CID: 4823422

Molecular pharmacology. 2021:99(3):175-183.DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000108

Short Term Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol Acyltransferase Inhibition, Combined with Apoprotein A1 Over-expression, Promotes Atherosclerosis Inflammation Resolution Mice

Amengual, Jaume; Ogando, Yoscar; Nikain, Cyrus; Quezada, Alexandra; Qian, Kun; Vaisar, Tomas; Fisher, Edward A

Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) mediates cellular cholesterol esterification. In atherosclerotic plaque macrophages, ACAT promotes cholesteryl ester accumulation, resulting in foam cell formation and atherosclerosis progression. Its complete inactivation in mice, however, showed toxic effects because of an excess of free cholesterol (FC) in macrophages, which can cause ER stress, cholesterol crystal formation, and inflammasome activation. Our previous studies showed that long-term partial ACAT inhibition, achieved by dietary supplementation with Fujirebio F1394, delays atherosclerosis progression in apoprotein E-deficient (Apoe^-/- ) mice by reducing plaque foam cell formation without inflammatory or toxic effects. Here, we determined whether short-term partial inhibition of ACAT, in combination with an enhanced systemic FC acceptor capacity, has synergistic benefits. Thus, we crossbred Apoe^-/- with human apoprotein A1-transgenic (APOA1^tg/tg ) mice, which have elevated cholesterol-effluxing high-density lipoprotein particles, and subjected Apoe^-/- and APOA1^tg/tg/Apoe^-/- mice to an atherogenic diet to develop advanced plaques. Then mice were either euthanized (baseline) or fed purified standard diet with or without F1394 for four more weeks. Plaques of APOA1^tg/tg/Apoe^-/- mice fed F1394 showed a 60% reduction of macrophages accompanied by multiple other benefits, such as reduced inflammation and favorable changes in extracellular composition, in comparison to Apoe^-/- baseline mice. In addition, there was no accumulation of cholesterol crystals or signs of toxicity. Overall, these results show that short-term partial ACAT inhibition, coupled to increased cholesterol efflux capacity, favorably remodels atherosclerosis lesions, supporting the potential of these combined therapies in the treatment of advanced atherosclerosis. Significance Statement Short-term pharmacological inhibition of ACAT-mediated cholesterol esterification, in combination with increased free cholesterol efflux acceptors, has positive effects in mice by (1) reducing the inflammatory state of the plaque macrophages, and (2) favoring compositional changes associated with plaque stabilization. These effects occur without toxicity, showing the potential of these combined therapies in the treatment of advanced atherosclerosis.

PMID: 33384285

ISSN: 1521-0111

CID: 4732162

Autophagy. 2021:1-382.DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

Klionsky, Daniel J; Abdel-Aziz, Amal Kamal; Abdelfatah, Sara; Abdellatif, Mahmoud; Abdoli, Asghar; Abel, Steffen; Abeliovich, Hagai; Abildgaard, Marie H; Abudu, Yakubu Princely; Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham; Adamopoulos, Iannis E; Adeli, Khosrow; Adolph, Timon E; Adornetto, Annagrazia; Aflaki, Elma; Agam, Galila; Agarwal, Anupam; Aggarwal, Bharat B; Agnello, Maria; Agostinis, Patrizia; Agrewala, Javed N; Agrotis, Alexander; Aguilar, Patricia V; Ahmad, S Tariq; Ahmed, Zubair M; Ahumada-Castro, Ulises; Aits, Sonja; Aizawa, Shu; Akkoc, Yunus; Akoumianaki, Tonia; Akpinar, Hafize Aysin; Al-Abd, Ahmed M; Al-Akra, Lina; Al-Gharaibeh, Abeer; Alaoui-Jamali, Moulay A; Alberti, Simon; Alcocer-Gómez, ElÃsabet; Alessandri, Cristiano; Ali, Muhammad; Alim Al-Bari, M Abdul; Aliwaini, Saeb; Alizadeh, Javad; Almacellas, EugÃ¨nia; Almasan, Alexandru; Alonso, Alicia; Alonso, Guillermo D; Altan-Bonnet, Nihal; Altieri, Dario C; Ãlvarez, Ã‰lida M C; Alves, Sara; Alves da Costa, Cristine; Alzaharna, Mazen M; Amadio, Marialaura; Amantini, Consuelo; Amaral, Cristina; Ambrosio, Susanna; Amer, Amal O; Ammanathan, Veena; An, Zhenyi; Andersen, Stig U; Andrabi, Shaida A; Andrade-Silva, Magaiver; Andres, Allen M; Angelini, Sabrina; Ann, David; Anozie, Uche C; Ansari, Mohammad Y; Antas, Pedro; Antebi, Adam; Antón, Zuriñe; Anwar, Tahira; Apetoh, Lionel; Apostolova, Nadezda; Araki, Toshiyuki; Araki, Yasuhiro; Arasaki, Kohei; Araújo, Wagner L; Araya, Jun; Arden, Catherine; Arévalo, Maria-Angeles; Arguelles, Sandro; Arias, Esperanza; Arikkath, Jyothi; Arimoto, Hirokazu; Ariosa, Aileen R; Armstrong-James, Darius; Arnauné-Pelloquin, Laetitia; Aroca, Angeles; Arroyo, Daniela S; Arsov, Ivica; Artero, Rubén; Asaro, Dalia Maria Lucia; Aschner, Michael; Ashrafizadeh, Milad; Ashur-Fabian, Osnat; Atanasov, Atanas G; Au, Alicia K; Auberger, Patrick; Auner, Holger W; Aurelian, Laure; Autelli, Riccardo; Avagliano, Laura; Ãvalos, Yenniffer; Aveic, Sanja; Aveleira, Célia Alexandra; Avin-Wittenberg, Tamar; Aydin, Yucel; Ayton, Scott; Ayyadevara, Srinivas; Azzopardi, Maria; Baba, Misuzu; Backer, Jonathan M; Backues, Steven K; Bae, Dong-Hun; Bae, Ok-Nam; Bae, Soo Han; Baehrecke, Eric H; Baek, Ahruem; Baek, Seung-Hoon; Baek, Sung Hee; Bagetta, Giacinto; Bagniewska-Zadworna, Agnieszka; Bai, Hua; Bai, Jie; Bai, Xiyuan; Bai, Yidong; Bairagi, Nandadulal; Baksi, Shounak; Balbi, Teresa; Baldari, Cosima T; Balduini, Walter; Ballabio, Andrea; Ballester, Maria; Balazadeh, Salma; Balzan, Rena; Bandopadhyay, Rina; Banerjee, Sreeparna; Banerjee, Sulagna; BÃ¡nréti, Ãgnes; Bao, Yan; Baptista, Mauricio S; Baracca, Alessandra; Barbati, Cristiana; Bargiela, Ariadna; BarilÃ , Daniela; Barlow, Peter G; Barmada, Sami J; Barreiro, Esther; Barreto, George E; Bartek, Jiri; Bartel, Bonnie; Bartolome, Alberto; Barve, Gaurav R; Basagoudanavar, Suresh H; Bassham, Diane C; Bast, Robert C; Basu, Alakananda; Batoko, Henri; Batten, Isabella; Baulieu, Etienne E; Baumgarner, Bradley L; Bayry, Jagadeesh; Beale, Rupert; Beau, Isabelle; Beaumatin, Florian; Bechara, Luiz R G; Beck, George R; Beers, Michael F; Begun, Jakob; Behrends, Christian; Behrens, Georg M N; Bei, Roberto; Bejarano, Eloy; Bel, Shai; Behl, Christian; Belaid, Amine; Belgareh-Touzé, NaÃ¯ma; Bellarosa, Cristina; Belleudi, Francesca; Belló Pérez, Melissa; Bello-Morales, Raquel; Beltran, Jackeline Soares de Oliveira; Beltran, SebastiÃ¡n; Benbrook, Doris Mangiaracina; Bendorius, Mykolas; Benitez, Bruno A; Benito-Cuesta, Irene; Bensalem, Julien; Berchtold, Martin W; Berezowska, Sabina; Bergamaschi, Daniele; Bergami, Matteo; Bergmann, Andreas; Berliocchi, Laura; Berlioz-Torrent, Clarisse; Bernard, Amélie; Berthoux, Lionel; Besirli, Cagri G; Besteiro, Sebastien; Betin, Virginie M; Beyaert, Rudi; Bezbradica, Jelena S; Bhaskar, Kiran; Bhatia-Kissova, Ingrid; Bhattacharya, Resham; Bhattacharya, Sujoy; Bhattacharyya, Shalmoli; Bhuiyan, Md Shenuarin; Bhutia, Sujit Kumar; Bi, Lanrong; Bi, Xiaolin; Biden, Trevor J; Bijian, Krikor; Billes, Viktor A; Binart, Nadine; Bincoletto, Claudia; Birgisdottir, Asa B; Bjorkoy, Geir; Blanco, Gonzalo; Blas-Garcia, Ana; Blasiak, Janusz; Blomgran, Robert; Blomgren, Klas; Blum, Janice S; Boada-Romero, Emilio; Boban, Mirta; Boesze-Battaglia, Kathleen; Boeuf, Philippe; Boland, Barry; Bomont, Pascale; Bonaldo, Paolo; Bonam, Srinivasa Reddy; Bonfili, Laura; Bonifacino, Juan S; Boone, Brian A; Bootman, Martin D; Bordi, Matteo; Borner, Christoph; Bornhauser, Beat C; Borthakur, Gautam; Bosch, JÃ¼rgen; Bose, Santanu; Botana, Luis M; Botas, Juan; Boulanger, Chantal M; Boulton, Michael E; Bourdenx, Mathieu; Bourgeois, Benjamin; Bourke, Nollaig M; Bousquet, Guilhem; Boya, Patricia; Bozhkov, Peter V; Bozi, Luiz H M; Bozkurt, Tolga O; Brackney, Doug E; Brandts, Christian H; Braun, Ralf J; Braus, Gerhard H; Bravo-Sagua, Roberto; Bravo-San Pedro, José M; Brest, Patrick; Bringer, Marie-AgnÃ¨s; Briones-Herrera, Alfredo; Broaddus, V Courtney; Brodersen, Peter; Brodsky, Jeffrey L; Brody, Steven L; Bronson, Paola G; Bronstein, Jeff M; Brown, Carolyn N; Brown, Rhoderick E; Brum, Patricia C; Brumell, John H; Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola; Bruno, Daniele; Bryson-Richardson, Robert J; Bucci, Cecilia; Buchrieser, Carmen; Bueno, Marta; Buitrago-Molina, Laura Elisa; Buraschi, Simone; Buch, Shilpa; Buchan, J Ross; Buckingham, Erin M; Budak, Hikmet; Budini, Mauricio; Bultynck, Geert; Burada, Florin; Burgoyne, Joseph R; Burón, M Isabel; Bustos, Victor; BÃ¼ttner, Sabrina; Butturini, Elena; Byrd, Aaron; Cabas, Isabel; Cabrera-Benitez, Sandra; Cadwell, Ken; Cai, Jingjing; Cai, Lu; Cai, Qian; Cairó, Montserrat; Calbet, Jose A; Caldwell, Guy A; Caldwell, Kim A; Call, Jarrod A; Calvani, Riccardo; Calvo, Ana C; Calvo-Rubio Barrera, Miguel; Camara, Niels Os; Camonis, Jacques H; Camougrand, Nadine; Campanella, Michelangelo; Campbell, Edward M; Campbell-Valois, FranÃ§ois-Xavier; Campello, Silvia; Campesi, Ilaria; Campos, Juliane C; Camuzard, Olivier; Cancino, Jorge; Candido de Almeida, Danilo; Canesi, Laura; Caniggia, Isabella; Canonico, Barbara; CantÃ, Carles; Cao, Bin; Caraglia, Michele; Caramés, Beatriz; Carchman, Evie H; Cardenal-Muñoz, Elena; Cardenas, Cesar; Cardenas, Luis; Cardoso, Sandra M; Carew, Jennifer S; Carle, Georges F; Carleton, Gillian; Carloni, Silvia; Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac; Carneiro, Leticia A; Carnevali, Oliana; Carosi, Julian M; Carra, Serena; Carrier, Alice; Carrier, Lucie; Carroll, Bernadette; Carter, A Brent; Carvalho, Andreia Neves; Casanova, Magali; Casas, Caty; Casas, Josefina; Cassioli, Chiara; Castillo, Eliseo F; Castillo, Karen; Castillo-Lluva, Sonia; Castoldi, Francesca; Castori, Marco; Castro, Ariel F; Castro-Caldas, Margarida; Castro-Hernandez, Javier; Castro-Obregon, Susana; Catz, Sergio D; Cavadas, Claudia; Cavaliere, Federica; Cavallini, Gabriella; Cavinato, Maria; Cayuela, Maria L; Cebollada Rica, Paula; Cecarini, Valentina; Cecconi, Francesco; Cechowska-Pasko, Marzanna; Cenci, Simone; Ceperuelo-Mallafré, VictÃ²ria; Cerqueira, JoÃ£o J; Cerutti, Janete M; Cervia, Davide; Cetintas, Vildan Bozok; Cetrullo, Silvia; Chae, Han-Jung; Chagin, Andrei S; Chai, Chee-Yin; Chakrabarti, Gopal; Chakrabarti, Oishee; Chakraborty, Tapas; Chakraborty, Trinad; Chami, Mounia; Chamilos, Georgios; Chan, David W; Chan, Edmond Y W; Chan, Edward D; Chan, H Y Edwin; Chan, Helen H; Chan, Hung; Chan, Matthew T V; Chan, Yau Sang; Chandra, Partha K; Chang, Chih-Peng; Chang, Chunmei; Chang, Hao-Chun; Chang, Kai; Chao, Jie; Chapman, Tracey; Charlet-Berguerand, Nicolas; Chatterjee, Samrat; Chaube, Shail K; Chaudhary, Anu; Chauhan, Santosh; Chaum, Edward; Checler, Frédéric; Cheetham, Michael E; Chen, Chang-Shi; Chen, Guang-Chao; Chen, Jian-Fu; Chen, Liam L; Chen, Leilei; Chen, Lin; Chen, Mingliang; Chen, Mu-Kuan; Chen, Ning; Chen, Quan; Chen, Ruey-Hwa; Chen, Shi; Chen, Wei; Chen, Weiqiang; Chen, Xin-Ming; Chen, Xiong-Wen; Chen, Xu; Chen, Yan; Chen, Ye-Guang; Chen, Yingyu; Chen, Yongqiang; Chen, Yu-Jen; Chen, Yue-Qin; Chen, Zhefan Stephen; Chen, Zhi; Chen, Zhi-Hua; Chen, Zhijian J; Chen, Zhixiang; Cheng, Hanhua; Cheng, Jun; Cheng, Shi-Yuan; Cheng, Wei; Cheng, Xiaodong; Cheng, Xiu-Tang; Cheng, Yiyun; Cheng, Zhiyong; Chen, Zhong; Cheong, Heesun; Cheong, Jit Kong; Chernyak, Boris V; Cherry, Sara; Cheung, Chi Fai Randy; Cheung, Chun Hei Antonio; Cheung, King-Ho; Chevet, Eric; Chi, Richard J; Chiang, Alan Kwok Shing; Chiaradonna, Ferdinando; Chiarelli, Roberto; Chiariello, Mario; Chica, Nathalia; Chiocca, Susanna; Chiong, Mario; Chiou, Shih-Hwa; Chiramel, Abhilash I; ChiurchiÃ¹, Valerio; Cho, Dong-Hyung; Choe, Seong-Kyu; Choi, Augustine M K; Choi, Mary E; Choudhury, Kamalika Roy; Chow, Norman S; Chu, Charleen T; Chua, Jason P; Chua, John Jia En; Chung, Hyewon; Chung, Kin Pan; Chung, Seockhoon; Chung, So-Hyang; Chung, Yuen-Li; Cianfanelli, Valentina; Ciechomska, Iwona A; Cifuentes, Mariana; Cinque, Laura; Cirak, Sebahattin; Cirone, Mara; Clague, Michael J; Clarke, Robert; Clementi, Emilio; Coccia, Eliana M; Codogno, Patrice; Cohen, Ehud; Cohen, Mickael M; Colasanti, Tania; Colasuonno, Fiorella; Colbert, Robert A; Colell, Anna; ÄŒoliÄ‡, Miodrag; Coll, Nuria S; Collins, Mark O; Colombo, María I; Colón-Ramos, Daniel A; Combaret, Lydie; Comincini, Sergio; Cominetti, MÃ¡rcia R; Consiglio, Antonella; Conte, Andrea; Conti, Fabrizio; Contu, Viorica Raluca; Cookson, Mark R; Coombs, Kevin M; Coppens, Isabelle; Corasaniti, Maria Tiziana; Corkery, Dale P; Cordes, Nils; Cortese, Katia; Costa, Maria do Carmo; Costantino, Sarah; Costelli, Paola; Coto-Montes, Ana; Crack, Peter J; Crespo, Jose L; Criollo, Alfredo; Crippa, Valeria; Cristofani, Riccardo; Csizmadia, Tamas; Cuadrado, Antonio; Cui, Bing; Cui, Jun; Cui, Yixian; Cui, Yong; Culetto, Emmanuel; Cumino, Andrea C; Cybulsky, Andrey V; Czaja, Mark J; Czuczwar, Stanislaw J; D'Adamo, Stefania; D'Amelio, Marcello; D'Arcangelo, Daniela; D'Lugos, Andrew C; D'Orazi, Gabriella; da Silva, James A; Dafsari, Hormos Salimi; Dagda, Ruben K; Dagdas, Yasin; Daglia, Maria; Dai, Xiaoxia; Dai, Yun; Dai, Yuyuan; Dal Col, Jessica; Dalhaimer, Paul; Dalla Valle, Luisa; Dallenga, Tobias; Dalmasso, Guillaume; Damme, Markus; Dando, Ilaria; Dantuma, Nico P; Darling, April L; Das, Hiranmoy; Dasarathy, Srinivasan; Dasari, Santosh K; Dash, Srikanta; Daumke, Oliver; Dauphinee, Adrian N; Davies, Jeffrey S; DÃ¡vila, Valeria A; Davis, Roger J; Davis, Tanja; Dayalan Naidu, Sharadha; De Amicis, Francesca; De Bosscher, Karolien; De Felice, Francesca; De Franceschi, Lucia; De Leonibus, Chiara; de Mattos Barbosa, Mayara G; De Meyer, Guido R Y; De Milito, Angelo; De Nunzio, Cosimo; De Palma, Clara; De Santi, Mauro; De Virgilio, Claudio; De Zio, Daniela; Debnath, Jayanta; DeBosch, Brian J; Decuypere, Jean-Paul; Deehan, Mark A; Deflorian, Gianluca; DeGregori, James; Dehay, Benjamin; Del Rio, Gabriel; Delaney, Joe R; Delbridge, Lea M D; Delorme-Axford, Elizabeth; Delpino, M Victoria; Demarchi, Francesca; Dembitz, Vilma; Demers, Nicholas D; Deng, Hongbin; Deng, Zhiqiang; Dengjel, Joern; Dent, Paul; Denton, Donna; DePamphilis, Melvin L; Der, Channing J; Deretic, Vojo; Descoteaux, Albert; Devis, Laura; Devkota, Sushil; Devuyst, Olivier; Dewson, Grant; Dharmasivam, Mahendiran; Dhiman, Rohan; di Bernardo, Diego; Di Cristina, Manlio; Di Domenico, Fabio; Di Fazio, Pietro; Di Fonzo, Alessio; Di Guardo, Giovanni; Di Guglielmo, Gianni M; Di Leo, Luca; Di Malta, Chiara; Di Nardo, Alessia; Di Rienzo, Martina; Di Sano, Federica; Diallinas, George; Diao, Jiajie; Diaz-Araya, Guillermo; DÃaz-Laviada, Inés; Dickinson, Jared M; Diederich, Marc; Dieudé, Mélanie; Dikic, Ivan; Ding, Shiping; Ding, Wen-Xing; Dini, Luciana; DiniÄ‡, Jelena; Dinic, Miroslav; Dinkova-Kostova, Albena T; Dionne, Marc S; Distler, Jörg H W; Diwan, Abhinav; Dixon, Ian M C; Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan; Dobrinski, Ina; Dobrovinskaya, Oxana; Dobrowolski, Radek; Dobson, Renwick C J; ÄokiÄ‡, Jelena; Dokmeci Emre, Serap; Donadelli, Massimo; Dong, Bo; Dong, Xiaonan; Dong, Zhiwu; Dorn Ii, Gerald W; Dotsch, Volker; Dou, Huan; Dou, Juan; Dowaidar, Moataz; Dridi, Sami; Drucker, Liat; Du, Ailian; Du, Caigan; Du, Guangwei; Du, Hai-Ning; Du, Li-Lin; du Toit, André; Duan, Shao-Bin; Duan, Xiaoqiong; Duarte, Sónia P; Dubrovska, Anna; Dunlop, Elaine A; Dupont, Nicolas; DurÃ¡n, Raúl V; Dwarakanath, Bilikere S; Dyshlovoy, Sergey A; Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Darius; Eckhart, Leopold; Edelstein, Charles L; Efferth, Thomas; Eftekharpour, Eftekhar; Eichinger, Ludwig; Eid, Nabil; Eisenberg, Tobias; Eissa, N Tony; Eissa, Sanaa; Ejarque, Miriam; El Andaloussi, Abdeljabar; El-Hage, Nazira; El-Naggar, Shahenda; Eleuteri, Anna Maria; El-Shafey, Eman S; Elgendy, Mohamed; Eliopoulos, Aristides G; Elizalde, María M; Elks, Philip M; Elsasser, Hans-Peter; Elsherbiny, Eslam S; Emerling, Brooke M; Emre, N C Tolga; Eng, Christina H; Engedal, Nikolai; Engelbrecht, Anna-Mart; Engelsen, Agnete S T; Enserink, Jorrit M; Escalante, Ricardo; Esclatine, Audrey; Escobar-Henriques, Mafalda; Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa; Espert, Lucile; Eusebio, Makandjou-Ola; Fabrias, Gemma; Fabrizi, Cinzia; Facchiano, Antonio; Facchiano, Francesco; Fadeel, Bengt; Fader, Claudio; Faesen, Alex C; Fairlie, W Douglas; Falcó, Alberto; Falkenburger, Bjorn H; Fan, Daping; Fan, Jie; Fan, Yanbo; Fang, Evandro F; Fang, Yanshan; Fang, Yognqi; Fanto, Manolis; Farfel-Becker, Tamar; Faure, Mathias; Fazeli, Gholamreza; Fedele, Anthony O; Feldman, Arthur M; Feng, Du; Feng, Jiachun; Feng, Lifeng; Feng, Yibin; Feng, Yuchen; Feng, Wei; Fenz Araujo, Thais; Ferguson, Thomas A; FernÃ¡ndez, Ãlvaro F; Fernandez-Checa, Jose C; FernÃ¡ndez-Veledo, Sonia; Fernie, Alisdair R; Ferrante, Anthony W; Ferraresi, Alessandra; Ferrari, Merari F; Ferreira, Julio C B; Ferro-Novick, Susan; Figueras, Antonio; Filadi, Riccardo; Filigheddu, Nicoletta; Filippi-Chiela, Eduardo; Filomeni, Giuseppe; Fimia, Gian Maria; Fineschi, Vittorio; Finetti, Francesca; Finkbeiner, Steven; Fisher, Edward A; Fisher, Paul B; Flamigni, Flavio; Fliesler, Steven J; Flo, Trude H; Florance, Ida; Florey, Oliver; Florio, Tullio; Fodor, Erika; Follo, Carlo; Fon, Edward A; Forlino, Antonella; Fornai, Francesco; Fortini, Paola; Fracassi, Anna; Fraldi, Alessandro; Franco, Brunella; Franco, Rodrigo; Franconi, Flavia; Frankel, Lisa B; Friedman, Scott L; Fröhlich, Leopold F; FrÃ¼hbeck, Gema; Fuentes, Jose M; Fujiki, Yukio; Fujita, Naonobu; Fujiwara, Yuuki; Fukuda, Mitsunori; Fulda, Simone; Furic, Luc; Furuya, Norihiko; Fusco, Carmela; Gack, Michaela U; Gaffke, Lidia; Galadari, Sehamuddin; Galasso, Alessia; Galindo, Maria F; Gallolu Kankanamalage, Sachith; Galluzzi, Lorenzo; Galy, Vincent; Gammoh, Noor; Gan, Boyi; Ganley, Ian G; Gao, Feng; Gao, Hui; Gao, Minghui; Gao, Ping; Gao, Shou-Jiang; Gao, Wentao; Gao, Xiaobo; Garcera, Ana; Garcia, Maria Noé; Garcia, Verónica E; García-Del Portillo, Francisco; Garcia-Escudero, Vega; Garcia-Garcia, Aracely; Garcia-Macia, Marina; García-Moreno, Diana; Garcia-Ruiz, Carmen; García-Sanz, Patricia; Garg, Abhishek D; Gargini, Ricardo; Garofalo, Tina; Garry, Robert F; Gassen, Nils C; Gatica, Damian; Ge, Liang; Ge, Wanzhong; Geiss-Friedlander, Ruth; Gelfi, Cecilia; Genschik, Pascal; Gentle, Ian E; Gerbino, Valeria; Gerhardt, Christoph; Germain, Kyla; Germain, Marc; Gewirtz, David A; Ghasemipour Afshar, Elham; Ghavami, Saeid; Ghigo, Alessandra; Ghosh, Manosij; Giamas, Georgios; Giampietri, Claudia; Giatromanolaki, Alexandra; Gibson, Gary E; Gibson, Spencer B; Ginet, Vanessa; Giniger, Edward; Giorgi, Carlotta; Girao, Henrique; Girardin, Stephen E; Giridharan, Mridhula; Giuliano, Sandy; Giulivi, Cecilia; Giuriato, Sylvie; Giustiniani, Julien; Gluschko, Alexander; Goder, Veit; Goginashvili, Alexander; Golab, Jakub; Goldstone, David C; Golebiewska, Anna; Gomes, Luciana R; Gomez, Rodrigo; Gómez-SÃ¡nchez, Rubén; Gomez-Puerto, Maria Catalina; Gomez-Sintes, Raquel; Gong, Qingqiu; Goni, Felix M; GonzÃ¡lez-Gallego, Javier; Gonzalez-Hernandez, Tomas; Gonzalez-Polo, Rosa A; Gonzalez-Reyes, Jose A; GonzÃ¡lez-RodrÃguez, Patricia; Goping, Ing Swie; Gorbatyuk, Marina S; Gorbunov, Nikolai V; GörgÃ¼lÃ¼, KÄ±vanÃ§; Gorojod, Roxana M; Gorski, Sharon M; Goruppi, Sandro; Gotor, Cecilia; Gottlieb, Roberta A; Gozes, Illana; Gozuacik, Devrim; Graef, Martin; GrÃ¤ler, Markus H; Granatiero, Veronica; Grasso, Daniel; Gray, Joshua P; Green, Douglas R; Greenhough, Alexander; Gregory, Stephen L; Griffin, Edward F; Grinstaff, Mark W; Gros, Frederic; Grose, Charles; Gross, Angelina S; Gruber, Florian; Grumati, Paolo; Grune, Tilman; Gu, Xueyan; Guan, Jun-Lin; Guardia, Carlos M; Guda, Kishore; Guerra, Flora; Guerri, Consuelo; Guha, Prasun; Guillén, Carlos; Gujar, Shashi; Gukovskaya, Anna; Gukovsky, Ilya; Gunst, Jan; GÃ¼nther, Andreas; Guntur, Anyonya R; Guo, Chuanyong; Guo, Chun; Guo, Hongqing; Guo, Lian-Wang; Guo, Ming; Gupta, Pawan; Gupta, Shashi Kumar; Gupta, Swapnil; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vivek; Gustafsson, Asa B; Gutterman, David D; H B, Ranjitha; Haapasalo, Annakaisa; Haber, James E; HaÄ‡, Aleksandra; Hadano, Shinji; Hafrén, Anders J; Haidar, Mansour; Hall, Belinda S; Halldén, Gunnel; Hamacher-Brady, Anne; Hamann, Andrea; Hamasaki, Maho; Han, Weidong; Hansen, Malene; Hanson, Phyllis I; Hao, Zijian; Harada, Masaru; Harhaji-Trajkovic, Ljubica; Hariharan, Nirmala; Haroon, Nigil; Harris, James; Hasegawa, Takafumi; Hasima Nagoor, Noor; Haspel, Jeffrey A; Haucke, Volker; Hawkins, Wayne D; Hay, Bruce A; Haynes, Cole M; Hayrabedyan, Soren B; Hays, Thomas S; He, Congcong; He, Qin; He, Rong-Rong; He, You-Wen; He, Yu-Ying; Heakal, Yasser; Heberle, Alexander M; Hejtmancik, J Fielding; Helgason, Gudmundur Vignir; Henkel, Vanessa; Herb, Marc; Hergovich, Alexander; Herman-Antosiewicz, Anna; HernÃ¡ndez, AgustÃn; Hernandez, Carlos; Hernandez-Diaz, Sergio; Hernandez-Gea, Virginia; Herpin, Amaury; Herreros, Judit; HervÃ¡s, Javier H; Hesselson, Daniel; Hetz, Claudio; Heussler, Volker T; Higuchi, Yujiro; Hilfiker, Sabine; Hill, Joseph A; Hlavacek, William S; Ho, Emmanuel A; Ho, Idy H T; Ho, Philip Wing-Lok; Ho, Shu-Leong; Ho, Wan Yun; Hobbs, G Aaron; Hochstrasser, Mark; Hoet, Peter H M; Hofius, Daniel; Hofman, Paul; Höhn, Annika; Holmberg, Carina I; Hombrebueno, Jose R; Yi-Ren Hong, Chang-Won Hong; Hooper, Lora V; Hoppe, Thorsten; Horos, Rastislav; Hoshida, Yujin; Hsin, I-Lun; Hsu, Hsin-Yun; Hu, Bing; Hu, Dong; Hu, Li-Fang; Hu, Ming Chang; Hu, Ronggui; Hu, Wei; Hu, Yu-Chen; Hu, Zhuo-Wei; Hua, Fang; Hua, Jinlian; Hua, Yingqi; Huan, Chongmin; Huang, Canhua; Huang, Chuanshu; Huang, Chuanxin; Huang, Chunling; Huang, Haishan; Huang, Kun; Huang, Michael L H; Huang, Rui; Huang, Shan; Huang, Tianzhi; Huang, Xing; Huang, Yuxiang Jack; Huber, Tobias B; Hubert, Virginie; Hubner, Christian A; Hughes, Stephanie M; Hughes, William E; Humbert, Magali; Hummer, Gerhard; Hurley, James H; Hussain, Sabah; Hussain, Salik; Hussey, Patrick J; Hutabarat, Martina; Hwang, Hui-Yun; Hwang, Seungmin; Ieni, Antonio; Ikeda, Fumiyo; Imagawa, Yusuke; Imai, Yuzuru; Imbriano, Carol; Imoto, Masaya; Inman, Denise M; Inoki, Ken; Iovanna, Juan; Iozzo, Renato V; Ippolito, Giuseppe; Irazoqui, Javier E; Iribarren, Pablo; Ishaq, Mohd; Ishikawa, Makoto; Ishimwe, Nestor; Isidoro, Ciro; Ismail, Nahed; Issazadeh-Navikas, Shohreh; Itakura, Eisuke; Ito, Daisuke; Ivankovic, Davor; Ivanova, SaÅ¡ka; Iyer, Anand Krishnan V; Izquierdo, José M; Izumi, Masanori; JÃ¤Ã¤ttelÃ¤, Marja; Jabir, Majid Sakhi; Jackson, William T; Jacobo-Herrera, Nadia; Jacomin, Anne-Claire; Jacquin, Elise; Jadiya, Pooja; Jaeschke, Hartmut; Jagannath, Chinnaswamy; Jakobi, Arjen J; Jakobsson, Johan; Janji, Bassam; Jansen-DÃ¼rr, Pidder; Jansson, Patric J; Jantsch, Jonathan; Januszewski, SÅ‚awomir; Jassey, Alagie; Jean, Steve; Jeltsch-David, HélÃ¨ne; Jendelova, Pavla; Jenny, Andreas; Jensen, Thomas E; Jessen, Niels; Jewell, Jenna L; Ji, Jing; Jia, Lijun; Jia, Rui; Jiang, Liwen; Jiang, Qing; Jiang, Richeng; Jiang, Teng; Jiang, Xuejun; Jiang, Yu; Jimenez-Sanchez, Maria; Jin, Eun-Jung; Jin, Fengyan; Jin, Hongchuan; Jin, Li; Jin, Luqi; Jin, Meiyan; Jin, Si; Jo, Eun-Kyeong; Joffre, Carine; Johansen, Terje; Johnson, Gail V W; Johnston, Simon A; Jokitalo, Eija; Jolly, Mohit Kumar; Joosten, Leo A B; Jordan, Joaquin; Joseph, Bertrand; Ju, Dianwen; Ju, Jeong-Sun; Ju, Jingfang; JuÃ¡rez, Esmeralda; Judith, Delphine; JuhÃ¡sz, GÃ¡bor; Jun, Youngsoo; Jung, Chang Hwa; Jung, Sung-Chul; Jung, Yong Keun; Jungbluth, Heinz; Jungverdorben, Johannes; Just, Steffen; Kaarniranta, Kai; Kaasik, Allen; Kabuta, Tomohiro; Kaganovich, Daniel; Kahana, Alon; Kain, Renate; Kajimura, Shinjo; Kalamvoki, Maria; Kalia, Manjula; Kalinowski, Danuta S; Kaludercic, Nina; Kalvari, Ioanna; Kaminska, Joanna; Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O; Kanamori, Hiromitsu; Kanasaki, Keizo; Kang, Chanhee; Kang, Rui; Kang, Sang Sun; Kaniyappan, Senthilvelrajan; Kanki, Tomotake; Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi; Kanthasamy, Anumantha G; Kanthasamy, Arthi; Kantorow, Marc; Kapuy, Orsolya; Karamouzis, Michalis V; Karim, Md Razaul; Karmakar, Parimal; Katare, Rajesh G; Kato, Masaru; Kaufmann, Stefan H E; Kauppinen, Anu; Kaushal, Gur P; Kaushik, Susmita; Kawasaki, Kiyoshi; Kazan, Kemal; Ke, Po-Yuan; Keating, Damien J; Keber, Ursula; Kehrl, John H; Keller, Kate E; Keller, Christian W; Kemper, Jongsook Kim; Kenific, Candia M; Kepp, Oliver; Kermorgant, Stephanie; Kern, Andreas; Ketteler, Robin; Keulers, Tom G; Khalfin, Boris; Khalil, Hany; Khambu, Bilon; Khan, Shahid Y; Khandelwal, Vinoth Kumar Megraj; Khandia, Rekha; Kho, Widuri; Khobrekar, Noopur V; Khuansuwan, Sataree; Khundadze, Mukhran; Killackey, Samuel A; Kim, Dasol; Kim, Deok Ryong; Kim, Do-Hyung; Kim, Dong-Eun; Kim, Eun Young; Kim, Eun-Kyoung; Kim, Hak-Rim; Kim, Hee-Sik; Kim, Jeong Hun; Kim, Jin Kyung; Kim, Jin-Hoi; Kim, Joungmok; Kim, Ju Hwan; Kim, Keun Il; Kim, Peter K; Kim, Seong-Jun; Kimball, Scot R; Kimchi, Adi; Kimmelman, Alec C; Kimura, Tomonori; King, Matthew A; Kinghorn, Kerri J; Kinsey, Conan G; Kirkin, Vladimir; Kirshenbaum, Lorrie A; Kiselev, Sergey L; Kishi, Shuji; Kitamoto, Katsuhiko; Kitaoka, Yasushi; Kitazato, Kaio; Kitsis, Richard N; Kittler, Josef T; Kjaerulff, Ole; Klein, Peter S; Klopstock, Thomas; Klucken, Jochen; KnÃ¦velsrud, Helene; Knorr, Roland L; Ko, Ben C B; Ko, Fred; Ko, Jiunn-Liang; Kobayashi, Hotaka; Kobayashi, Satoru; Koch, Ina; Koch, Jan C; Koenig, Ulrich; Kögel, Donat; Koh, Young Ho; Koike, Masato; Kohlwein, Sepp D; Kocaturk, Nur M; Komatsu, Masaaki; König, Jeannette; Kono, Toru; Kopp, Benjamin T; Korcsmaros, Tamas; Korkmaz, Gözde; Korolchuk, Viktor I; Korsnes, Mónica SuÃ¡rez; Koskela, Ali; Kota, Janaiah; Kotake, Yaichiro; Kotler, Monica L; Kou, Yanjun; Koukourakis, Michael I; Koustas, Evangelos; Kovacs, Attila L; KovÃ¡cs, Tibor; Koya, Daisuke; Kozako, Tomohiro; Kraft, Claudine; Krainc, Dimitri; KrÃ¤mer, Helmut; Krasnodembskaya, Anna D; Kretz-Remy, Carole; Kroemer, Guido; Ktistakis, Nicholas T; Kuchitsu, Kazuyuki; Kuenen, Sabine; Kuerschner, Lars; Kukar, Thomas; Kumar, Ajay; Kumar, Ashok; Kumar, Deepak; Kumar, Dhiraj; Kumar, Sharad; Kume, Shinji; Kumsta, Caroline; Kundu, Chanakya N; Kundu, Mondira; Kunnumakkara, Ajaikumar B; Kurgan, Lukasz; Kutateladze, Tatiana G; Kutlu, Ozlem; Kwak, SeongAe; Kwon, Ho Jeong; Kwon, Taeg Kyu; Kwon, Yong Tae; Kyrmizi, Irene; La Spada, Albert; Labonté, Patrick; Ladoire, Sylvain; Laface, Ilaria; Lafont, Frank; Lagace, Diane C; Lahiri, Vikramjit; Lai, Zhibing; Laird, Angela S; Lakkaraju, Aparna; Lamark, Trond; Lan, Sheng-Hui; Landajuela, Ane; Lane, Darius J R; Lane, Jon D; Lang, Charles H; Lange, Carsten; Langel, Ãœlo; Langer, Rupert; Lapaquette, Pierre; Laporte, Jocelyn; LaRusso, Nicholas F; Lastres-Becker, Isabel; Lau, Wilson Chun Yu; Laurie, Gordon W; Lavandero, Sergio; Law, Betty Yuen Kwan; Law, Helen Ka-Wai; Layfield, Rob; Le, Weidong; Le Stunff, Herve; Leary, Alexandre Y; Lebrun, Jean-Jacques; Leck, Lionel Y W; Leduc-Gaudet, Jean-Philippe; Lee, Changwook; Lee, Chung-Pei; Lee, Da-Hye; Lee, Edward B; Lee, Erinna F; Lee, Gyun Min; Lee, He-Jin; Lee, Heung Kyu; Lee, Jae Man; Lee, Jason S; Lee, Jin-A; Lee, Joo-Yong; Lee, Jun Hee; Lee, Michael; Lee, Min Goo; Lee, Min Jae; Lee, Myung-Shik; Lee, Sang Yoon; Lee, Seung-Jae; Lee, Stella Y; Lee, Sung Bae; Lee, Won Hee; Lee, Ying-Ray; Lee, Yong-Ho; Lee, Youngil; Lefebvre, Christophe; Legouis, Renaud; Lei, Yu L; Lei, Yuchen; Leikin, Sergey; Leitinger, Gerd; Lemus, Leticia; Leng, Shuilong; Lenoir, Olivia; Lenz, Guido; Lenz, Heinz Josef; Lenzi, Paola; León, Yolanda; Leopoldino, Andréia M; 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Linnemann, Amelia K; Liou, Yih-Cherng; Lipinski, Marta M; LipovÅ¡ek, SaÅ¡ka; Lira, Vitor A; Lisiak, Natalia; Liton, Paloma B; Liu, Chao; Liu, Ching-Hsuan; Liu, Chun-Feng; Liu, Cui Hua; Liu, Fang; Liu, Hao; Liu, Hsiao-Sheng; Liu, Hua-Feng; Liu, Huifang; Liu, Jia; Liu, Jing; Liu, Julia; Liu, Leyuan; Liu, Longhua; Liu, Meilian; Liu, Qin; Liu, Wei; Liu, Wende; Liu, Xiao-Hong; Liu, Xiaodong; Liu, Xingguo; Liu, Xu; Liu, Xuedong; Liu, Yanfen; Liu, Yang; Liu, Yang; Liu, Yueyang; Liu, Yule; Livingston, J Andrew; Lizard, Gerard; Lizcano, Jose M; Ljubojevic-Holzer, Senka; LLeonart, Matilde E; Llobet-NavÃ s, David; Llorente, Alicia; Lo, Chih Hung; Lobato-MÃ¡rquez, DamiÃ¡n; Long, Qi; Long, Yun Chau; Loos, Ben; Loos, Julia A; López, Manuela G; López-Doménech, Guillermo; López-Guerrero, José Antonio; López-Jiménez, Ana T; López-Pérez, Ã“scar; López-Valero, Israel; Lorenowicz, Magdalena J; Lorente, Mar; Lorincz, Peter; Lossi, Laura; Lotersztajn, Sophie; Lovat, Penny E; Lovell, Jonathan F; Lovy, Alenka; 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Martins-Marques, Tania; Marzetti, Emanuele; Masaldan, Shashank; Masclaux-Daubresse, Celine; Mashek, Douglas G; Massa, Valentina; Massieu, Lourdes; Masson, Glenn R; Masuelli, Laura; Masyuk, Anatoliy I; Masyuk, Tetyana V; Matarrese, Paola; Matheu, Ander; Matoba, Satoaki; Matsuzaki, Sachiko; Mattar, Pamela; Matte, Alessandro; Mattoscio, Domenico; Mauriz, José L; Mauthe, Mario; Mauvezin, Caroline; Maverakis, Emanual; Maycotte, Paola; Mayer, Johanna; Mazzoccoli, Gianluigi; Mazzoni, Cristina; Mazzulli, Joseph R; McCarty, Nami; McDonald, Christine; McGill, Mitchell R; McKenna, Sharon L; McLaughlin, BethAnn; McLoughlin, Fionn; McNiven, Mark A; McWilliams, Thomas G; Mechta-Grigoriou, Fatima; Medeiros, Tania Catarina; Medina, Diego L; Megeney, Lynn A; Megyeri, Klara; Mehrpour, Maryam; Mehta, Jawahar L; Meijer, Alfred J; Meijer, Annemarie H; Mejlvang, Jakob; Meléndez, Alicia; Melk, Annette; Memisoglu, Gonen; Mendes, Alexandrina F; Meng, Delong; Meng, Fei; Meng, Tian; Menna-Barreto, Rubem; Menon, Manoj B; 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Mollinedo, Faustino; Montagna, Costanza; Monteiro, Mervyn J; Montella, Andrea; Montes, L Ruth; Montico, Barbara; Mony, Vinod K; Monzio Compagnoni, Giacomo; Moore, Michael N; Moosavi, Mohammad A; Mora, Ana L; Mora, Marina; Morales-Alamo, David; Moratalla, Rosario; Moreira, Paula I; Morelli, Elena; Moreno, Sandra; Moreno-Blas, Daniel; Moresi, Viviana; Morga, Benjamin; Morgan, Alwena H; Morin, Fabrice; Morishita, Hideaki; Moritz, Orson L; Moriyama, Mariko; Moriyasu, Yuji; Morleo, Manuela; Morselli, Eugenia; Moruno-Manchon, Jose F; Moscat, Jorge; Mostowy, Serge; Motori, Elisa; Moura, Andrea Felinto; Moustaid-Moussa, Naima; Mrakovcic, Maria; Muciño-HernÃ¡ndez, Gabriel; Mukherjee, Anupam; Mukhopadhyay, Subhadip; Mulcahy Levy, Jean M; Mulero, Victoriano; Muller, Sylviane; MÃ¼nch, Christian; Munjal, Ashok; Munoz-Canoves, Pura; Muñoz-Galdeano, Teresa; MÃ¼nz, Christian; Murakawa, Tomokazu; Muratori, Claudia; Murphy, Brona M; Murphy, J Patrick; Murthy, Aditya; MyöhÃ¤nen, Timo T; Mysorekar, Indira U; Mytych, Jennifer; Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad; Nabissi, Massimo; Nagy, Péter; Nah, Jihoon; Nahimana, Aimable; Nakagawa, Ichiro; Nakamura, Ken; Nakatogawa, Hitoshi; Nandi, Shyam S; Nanjundan, Meera; Nanni, Monica; Napolitano, Gennaro; Nardacci, Roberta; Narita, Masashi; Nassif, Melissa; Nathan, Ilana; Natsumeda, Manabu; Naude, Ryno J; Naumann, Christin; Naveiras, Olaia; Navid, Fatemeh; Nawrocki, Steffan T; Nazarko, Taras Y; Nazio, Francesca; Negoita, Florentina; Neill, Thomas; Neisch, Amanda L; Neri, Luca M; Netea, Mihai G; Neubert, Patrick; Neufeld, Thomas P; Neumann, Dietbert; Neutzner, Albert; Newton, Phillip T; Ney, Paul A; Nezis, Ioannis P; Ng, Charlene C W; Ng, Tzi Bun; Nguyen, Hang T T; Nguyen, Long T; Ni, Hong-Min; NÃ Cheallaigh, ClÃona; Ni, Zhenhong; Nicolao, M Celeste; Nicoli, Francesco; Nieto-Diaz, Manuel; Nilsson, Per; Ning, Shunbin; Niranjan, Rituraj; Nishimune, Hiroshi; Niso-Santano, Mireia; Nixon, Ralph A; Nobili, Annalisa; Nobrega, Clevio; Noda, Takeshi; Nogueira-Recalde, UxÃa; Nolan, Trevor M; Nombela, Ivan; Novak, Ivana; Novoa, Beatriz; Nozawa, Takashi; Nukina, Nobuyuki; Nussbaum-Krammer, Carmen; Nylandsted, Jesper; O'Donovan, Tracey R; O'Leary, Seónadh M; O'Rourke, Eyleen J; O'Sullivan, Mary P; O'Sullivan, Timothy E; Oddo, Salvatore; Oehme, Ina; Ogawa, Michinaga; Ogier-Denis, Eric; Ogmundsdottir, Margret H; Ogretmen, Besim; Oh, Goo Taeg; Oh, Seon-Hee; Oh, Young J; Ohama, Takashi; Ohashi, Yohei; Ohmuraya, Masaki; Oikonomou, Vasileios; Ojha, Rani; Okamoto, Koji; Okazawa, Hitoshi; Oku, Masahide; OlivÃ¡n, Sara; Oliveira, Jorge M A; Ollmann, Michael; Olzmann, James A; Omari, Shakib; Omary, M Bishr; Ã–nal, Gizem; Ondrej, Martin; Ong, Sang-Bing; Ong, Sang-Ging; Onnis, Anna; Orellana, Juan A; Orellana-Muñoz, Sara; Ortega-Villaizan, Maria Del Mar; Ortiz-Gonzalez, Xilma R; Ortona, Elena; Osiewacz, Heinz D; Osman, Abdel-Hamid K; Osta, Rosario; Otegui, Marisa S; Otsu, Kinya; Ott, Christiane; Ottobrini, Luisa; Ou, Jing-Hsiung James; Outeiro, Tiago F; Oynebraten, Inger; Ozturk, Melek; PagÃ¨s, Gilles; Pahari, Susanta; Pajares, Marta; Pajvani, Utpal B; Pal, Rituraj; Paladino, Simona; Pallet, Nicolas; Palmieri, Michela; Palmisano, Giuseppe; Palumbo, Camilla; Pampaloni, Francesco; Pan, Lifeng; Pan, Qingjun; Pan, Wenliang; Pan, Xin; Panasyuk, Ganna; Pandey, Rahul; Pandey, Udai B; Pandya, Vrajesh; Paneni, Francesco; Pang, Shirley Y; Panzarini, Elisa; Papademetrio, Daniela L; Papaleo, Elena; Papinski, Daniel; Papp, Diana; Park, Eun Chan; Park, Hwan Tae; Park, Ji-Man; Park, Jong-In; Park, Joon Tae; Park, Junsoo; Park, Sang Chul; Park, Sang-Youel; Parola, Abraham H; Parys, Jan B; Pasquier, Adrien; Pasquier, Benoit; Passos, JoÃ£o F; Pastore, Nunzia; Patel, Hemal H; Patschan, Daniel; Pattingre, Sophie; Pedraza-Alva, Gustavo; Pedraza-Chaverri, Jose; Pedrozo, Zully; Pei, Gang; Pei, Jianming; Peled-Zehavi, Hadas; Pellegrini, JoaquÃn M; Pelletier, Joffrey; Peñalva, Miguel A; Peng, Di; Peng, Ying; Penna, Fabio; Pennuto, Maria; Pentimalli, Francesca; Pereira, ClÃ¡udia Mf; 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Porta, Helena; Porte Alcon, Soledad; Portilla-Fernandez, Eliana; Post, Martin; Potts, Malia B; Poulton, Joanna; Powers, Ted; Prahlad, Veena; Prajsnar, Tomasz K; PraticÃ², Domenico; Prencipe, Rosaria; Priault, Muriel; Proikas-Cezanne, Tassula; Promponas, Vasilis J; Proud, Christopher G; Puertollano, Rosa; Puglielli, Luigi; Pulinilkunnil, Thomas; Puri, Deepika; Puri, Rajat; Puyal, Julien; Qi, Xiaopeng; Qi, Yongmei; Qian, Wenbin; Qiang, Lei; Qiu, Yu; Quadrilatero, Joe; Quarleri, Jorge; Raben, Nina; Rabinowich, Hannah; Ragona, Debora; Ragusa, Michael J; Rahimi, Nader; Rahmati, Marveh; Raia, Valeria; Raimundo, Nuno; Rajasekaran, Namakkal-Soorappan; Ramachandra Rao, Sriganesh; Rami, Abdelhaq; RamÃrez-Pardo, Ignacio; Ramsden, David B; Randow, Felix; Rangarajan, Pundi N; Ranieri, Danilo; Rao, Hai; Rao, Lang; Rao, Rekha; Rathore, Sumit; Ratnayaka, J Arjuna; Ratovitski, Edward A; Ravanan, Palaniyandi; Ravegnini, Gloria; Ray, Swapan K; Razani, Babak; Rebecca, Vito; Reggiori, Fulvio; Régnier-Vigouroux, Anne; Reichert, Andreas S; Reigada, David; Reiling, Jan H; Rein, Theo; Reipert, Siegfried; Rekha, Rokeya Sultana; Ren, Hongmei; Ren, Jun; Ren, Weichao; Renault, Tristan; Renga, Giorgia; Reue, Karen; Rewitz, Kim; Ribeiro de Andrade Ramos, Bruna; Riazuddin, S Amer; Ribeiro-Rodrigues, Teresa M; Ricci, Jean-Ehrland; Ricci, Romeo; Riccio, Victoria; Richardson, Des R; Rikihisa, Yasuko; Risbud, Makarand V; Risueño, Ruth M; Ritis, Konstantinos; Rizza, Salvatore; Rizzuto, Rosario; Roberts, Helen C; Roberts, Luke D; Robinson, Katherine J; Roccheri, Maria Carmela; Rocchi, Stephane; Rodney, George G; Rodrigues, Tiago; Rodrigues Silva, Vagner Ramon; Rodriguez, Amaia; Rodriguez-Barrueco, Ruth; Rodriguez-Henche, Nieves; Rodriguez-Rocha, Humberto; Roelofs, Jeroen; Rogers, Robert S; Rogov, Vladimir V; Rojo, Ana I; Rolka, Krzysztof; Romanello, Vanina; Romani, Luigina; Romano, Alessandra; Romano, Patricia S; Romeo-Guitart, David; Romero, Luis C; Romero, Montserrat; Roney, Joseph C; Rongo, Christopher; Roperto, Sante; Rosenfeldt, Mathias T; Rosenstiel, Philip; Rosenwald, Anne G; Roth, Kevin A; Roth, Lynn; Roth, Steven; Rouschop, Kasper M A; Roussel, Benoit D; Roux, Sophie; Rovere-Querini, Patrizia; Roy, Ajit; Rozieres, Aurore; Ruano, Diego; Rubinsztein, David C; Rubtsova, Maria P; Ruckdeschel, Klaus; Ruckenstuhl, Christoph; Rudolf, Emil; Rudolf, RÃ¼diger; Ruggieri, Alessandra; Ruparelia, Avnika Ashok; Rusmini, Paola; Russell, Ryan R; Russo, Gian Luigi; Russo, Maria; Russo, Rossella; Ryabaya, Oxana O; Ryan, Kevin M; Ryu, Kwon-Yul; Sabater-Arcis, Maria; Sachdev, Ulka; Sacher, Michael; Sachse, Carsten; Sadhu, Abhishek; Sadoshima, Junichi; Safren, Nathaniel; Saftig, Paul; Sagona, Antonia P; Sahay, Gaurav; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahin, Mustafa; Sahin, Ozgur; Sahni, Sumit; Saito, Nayuta; Saito, Shigeru; Saito, Tsunenori; Sakai, Ryohei; Sakai, Yasuyoshi; Sakamaki, Jun-Ichi; Saksela, Kalle; Salazar, Gloria; Salazar-Degracia, Anna; Salekdeh, Ghasem H; Saluja, Ashok K; Sampaio-Marques, Belém; Sanchez, Maria Cecilia; 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Yang, Liu; Yang, Ming; Yang, Pei-Ming; Yang, Qian; Yang, Seungwon; Yang, Shu; Yang, Shun-Fa; Yang, Wannian; Yang, Wei Yuan; Yang, Xiaoyong; Yang, Xuesong; Yang, Yi; Yang, Ying; Yao, Honghong; Yao, Shenggen; Yao, Xiaoqiang; Yao, Yong-Gang; Yao, Yong-Ming; Yasui, Takahiro; Yazdankhah, Meysam; Yen, Paul M; Yi, Cong; Yin, Xiao-Ming; Yin, Yanhai; Yin, Zhangyuan; Yin, Ziyi; Ying, Meidan; Ying, Zheng; Yip, Calvin K; Yiu, Stephanie Pei Tung; Yoo, Young H; Yoshida, Kiyotsugu; Yoshii, Saori R; Yoshimori, Tamotsu; Yousefi, Bahman; Yu, Boxuan; Yu, Haiyang; Yu, Jun; Yu, Jun; Yu, Li; Yu, Ming-Lung; Yu, Seong-Woon; Yu, Victor C; Yu, W Haung; Yu, Zhengping; Yu, Zhou; Yuan, Junying; Yuan, Ling-Qing; Yuan, Shilin; Yuan, Shyng-Shiou F; Yuan, Yanggang; Yuan, Zengqiang; Yue, Jianbo; Yue, Zhenyu; Yun, Jeanho; Yung, Raymond L; Zacks, David N; Zaffagnini, Gabriele; Zambelli, Vanessa O; Zanella, Isabella; Zang, Qun S; Zanivan, Sara; Zappavigna, Silvia; Zaragoza, Pilar; Zarbalis, Konstantinos S; Zarebkohan, Amir; Zarrouk, Amira; Zeitlin, Scott O; Zeng, Jialiu; Zeng, Ju-Deng; Å½erovnik, Eva; Zhan, Lixuan; Zhang, Bin; Zhang, Donna D; Zhang, Hanlin; Zhang, Hong; Zhang, Hong; Zhang, Honghe; Zhang, Huafeng; Zhang, Huaye; Zhang, Hui; Zhang, Hui-Ling; Zhang, Jianbin; Zhang, Jianhua; Zhang, Jing-Pu; Zhang, Kalin Y B; Zhang, Leshuai W; Zhang, Lin; Zhang, Lisheng; Zhang, Lu; Zhang, Luoying; Zhang, Menghuan; Zhang, Peng; Zhang, Sheng; Zhang, Wei; Zhang, Xiangnan; Zhang, Xiao-Wei; Zhang, Xiaolei; Zhang, Xiaoyan; Zhang, Xin; Zhang, Xinxin; Zhang, Xu Dong; Zhang, Yang; Zhang, Yanjin; Zhang, Yi; Zhang, Ying-Dong; Zhang, Yingmei; Zhang, Yuan-Yuan; Zhang, Yuchen; Zhang, Zhe; Zhang, Zhengguang; Zhang, Zhibing; Zhang, Zhihai; Zhang, Zhiyong; Zhang, Zili; Zhao, Haobin; Zhao, Lei; Zhao, Shuang; Zhao, Tongbiao; Zhao, Xiao-Fan; Zhao, Ying; Zhao, Yongchao; Zhao, Yongliang; Zhao, Yuting; Zheng, Guoping; Zheng, Kai; Zheng, Ling; Zheng, Shizhong; Zheng, Xi-Long; Zheng, Yi; Zheng, Zu-Guo; Zhivotovsky, Boris; Zhong, Qing; Zhou, Ao; Zhou, Ben; Zhou, Cefan; Zhou, Gang; Zhou, Hao; Zhou, Hong; Zhou, Hongbo; Zhou, Jie; Zhou, Jing; Zhou, Jing; Zhou, Jiyong; Zhou, Kailiang; Zhou, Rongjia; Zhou, Xu-Jie; Zhou, Yanshuang; Zhou, Yinghong; Zhou, Yubin; Zhou, Zheng-Yu; Zhou, Zhou; Zhu, Binglin; Zhu, Changlian; Zhu, Guo-Qing; Zhu, Haining; Zhu, Hongxin; Zhu, Hua; Zhu, Wei-Guo; Zhu, Yanping; Zhu, Yushan; Zhuang, Haixia; Zhuang, Xiaohong; Zientara-Rytter, Katarzyna; Zimmermann, Christine M; Ziviani, Elena; Zoladek, Teresa; Zong, Wei-Xing; Zorov, Dmitry B; Zorzano, Antonio; Zou, Weiping; Zou, Zhen; Zou, Zhengzhi; Zuryn, Steven; Zwerschke, Werner; Brand-Saberi, Beate; Dong, X Charlie; Kenchappa, Chandra Shekar; Li, Zuguo; Lin, Yong; Oshima, Shigeru; Rong, Yueguang; Sluimer, Judith C; Stallings, Christina L; Tong, Chun-Kit

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.

PMID: 33634751

ISSN: 1554-8635

CID: 4800842

Journal of investigative dermatology. 2021:141(2):308-315.DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.05.115

Characterization of PCSK9 in the Blood and Skin of Psoriasis

Garshick, Michael S; Baumer, Yvonne; Dey, Amit K; Grattan, Ryan; Ng, Qimin; Teague, Heather L; Yu, Zu-Xi; Chen, Marcus Y; Tawil, Michael; Barrett, Tessa J; Underberg, James; Fisher, Edward A; Krueger, James; Powell-Wiley, Tiffany M; Playford, Martin P; Berger, Jeffrey S; Mehta, Nehal N

Mechanisms explaining the link between psoriasis, a proinflammatory condition, and cardiovascular disease are not fully known. PCSK9 is predominantly expressed in hepatocytes as a critical regulator of lipid metabolism, and clinical trials targeting PCSK9 reduce cardiovascular disease. Independent of its role in lipid metabolism, PCSK9 levels associate with endothelial dysfunction and predict cardiovascular events. We used two separate human psoriasis cohorts and the K14-Rac1V12^-/+ murine model of psoriasis to investigate PCSK9 and cardiovascular risk in psoriasis. In both psoriasis cohorts (nÂ = 88 and nÂ = 20), PCSK9 levels were 20% and 13% higher than in age-, sex-, and cholesterol-matched controls, respectively (P < 0.05 for each comparison) and correlated with PASI (rÂ = 0.43, P < 0.05). Despite no difference in hepatocyte expression, K14-Rac1V12^-/+ mice demonstrated skin-specific PCSK9 staining, which was confirmed in human psoriatic lesional skin. In patients with psoriasis, PCSK9 levels correlated with impaired endothelial vascular health (e.g., early atherosclerosis, Î²Â = 4.5, P < 0.01) and log converted coronary artery calcium score (Î²Â = 0.30, PÂ = 0.01), which remained significant after adjustment for Framingham risk, body mass index, and active biologic use. Taken together, these findings suggest, independent of cholesterol, an association between circulating PCSK9 and early as well as advanced stages of atherosclerosis in psoriasis.

PMID: 32615123

ISSN: 1523-1747

CID: 4580932

Nature metabolism. 2021:3(2):128-130.DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00353-3

Tipping the cap away from danger

Misra, Ashish; Fisher, Edward A

PMID: 33619383

ISSN: 2522-5812

CID: 4802292

Journal of thrombosis & haemostasis : JTH. 2021:19(2):562-573.DOI: 10.1111/jth.15172

Platelet Conditioned Media Induces an Anti-inflammatory Macrophage Phenotype through EP4

Heffron, Sean P; Weinstock, Ada; Scolaro, Bianca; Chen, Shiyu; Sansbury, Brian E; Marecki, Greg; Rolling, Christina C; El Bannoudi, Hanane; Barrett, Tessa; Canary, James W; Spite, Matthew; Berger, Jeffrey S; Fisher, Edward A

BACKGROUND:Platelets are increasingly recognized as immune cells. As such, they are commonly seen to induce and perpetuate inflammation, however, anti-inflammatory activities are increasingly attributed to them. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition. Similar to other inflammatory conditions, the resolution of atherosclerosis requires a shift in macrophages to an M2 phenotype, enhancing their efferocytosis and cholesterol efflux capabilities. OBJECTIVES/OBJECTIVE:To assess the effect of platelets on macrophage phenotype. METHODS:In several in vitro models employing murine (RAW264.7 and bone marrow derived macrophages) and human (THP-1 and monocyte-derived macrophages) cells, we exposed macrophages to media in which non-agonized human platelets were cultured for 60 minutes (platelet conditioned media; PCM) and assessed the impact on macrophage phenotype and function. RESULTS:). CONCLUSIONS:PCM induces an anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving phenotype in macrophages. Our findings suggest that therapies targeting hemostatic properties of platelets, while not influencing pro-resolving, immune-related activities, could be beneficial for the treatment of atherothrombotic disease.

PMID: 33171016

ISSN: 1538-7836

CID: 4662992