Faculty Bibliography
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Trimalleolar ankle fracture: Posterior plate for posterior malleolus fractures
[S.l.] : Springer International Publishing, 2017
pp. 35-43
ISBN: 9783319604558
CID: 2918702
The Use of Liposomal Bupivacaine administered with standard Bupivacaine in Ankle Fractures Requiring Open Reduction Internal Fixation: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of liposomal bupivacaine compared to placebo for post-operative pain control in patients undergoing operative fixation of ankle fractures. DESIGN: Prospective single blinded randomized control trial SETTING:: Academic Medical CenterPatients/Participants: After IRB approval, seventy-six patients who sustained an acute ankle fracture (OTA 44A-C) requiring operative fixation met inclusion criteria. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups, control (local intra-operative sterile saline injection under general anesthesia) or interventional (local intra-operative liposomal bupivacaine and bupivacaine injection under general anesthesia). Injections were administered in a standardized fashion and included injection of a 1:1 mixture of a 40cc solution consisting of 1.3% Exparel and sterile saline (interventional) or a 40 cc injection of normal saline (control) into the surrounding periosteal, peritendinous, surrounding muscles and subcutaneous tissue of the surgical incision(s). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Pain medications administered and pain according to the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was recorded at scheduled post-operative time points: 4, 24, 48, 72, and 336 hours (14 days). RESULTS: Thirty-nine patients were randomized to the control group and thirty-seven to the interventional group (mean age= 42 +/- 15 years), with no statistically significant differences between groups with regards to severity of injury and patient demographics. Pain scores were significantly lower in the interventional group versus control up to two weeks after surgery. Percocet ingestion at four hours was significantly lower in the interventional group (0.7 vs. 1.3, p=0.004), while it approached significance at forty-eight hours post-operatively (2.8 vs. 3.69, p=0.07). No other significant differences were noted for Percocet ingestion post-operatively at other time points assessed. The overall satisfaction with pain control was not statistically different between the two groups (p=0.93). CONCLUSION: Local intra-operative infiltration of liposomal bupivacaine administered with standard bupivacaine for ankle fractures requiring ORIF affords improved pain relief in the immediate post-operative period resulting in a reduction in Percocet ingestion, with resultant effects seen up to two days post-operatively. Continued investigation of this drug for use with extremity fractures is warranted. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
PMID: 28430722
ISSN: 1531-2291
CID: 2604882
Tibial Eminence Involvement With Tibial Plateau Fracture Predicts Slower Recovery and Worse Postoperative Range of Knee Motion
OBJECTIVES: To examine 1-year functional and clinical outcomes in patients with tibial plateau fractures with tibial eminence involvement. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. SETTING: Academic Medical Center. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: All patients who presented with a tibial plateau fracture (Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) 41-B and 41-C). INTERVENTION: Patients were divided into fractures with a tibial eminence component (+TE) and those without (-TE) cohorts. All patients underwent similar surgical approaches and fixation techniques for fractures. No tibial eminence fractures received fixation specifically. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Short musculoskeletal functional assessment (SMFA), pain (Visual Analogue Scale), and knee range-of-motion (ROM) were evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively and compared between cohorts. RESULTS: Two hundred ninety-three patients were included for review. Patients with OTA 41-C fractures were more likely to have an associated TE compared with 41-B fractures (63% vs. 28%, P < 0.01). At 3 months postoperatively, the +TE cohort was noted to have worse knee ROM (75.16 +/- 51 vs. 86.82 +/- 53 degree, P = 0.06). At 6 months, total SMFA and knee ROM was significantly worse in the +TE cohort (29 +/- 17 vs. 21 +/- 18, P
PMID: 28633149
ISSN: 1531-2291
CID: 2603882
Evaluation of malrotation following intramedullary nailing in a femoral shaft fracture model: Can a 3D c-arm improve accuracy?
INTRODUCTION: Difficulty determining anatomic rotation following intramedullary (IM) nailing of the femur continues to be problematic for surgeons. Clinical exam and fluoroscopic imaging of the hip and knee have been used to estimate femoral version, but are inaccurate. We hypothesize that 3D c-arm imaging can be used to accurately measure femoral version following IM nailing of femur fractures to prevent rotational malreduction. METHODS: A midshaft osteotomy was created in a femur Sawbone to simulate a transverse diaphyseal fracture. An intramedullary (IM) nail was inserted into the Sawbone femur without locking screws or cephalomedullary fixation. A goniometer was used to simulate four femoral version situations after IM nailing: 20 degrees retroversion, 0 degrees version, 15 degrees anteversion, and 30 degrees anteversion. In each simulated position, 3D c-arm imaging and, for comparison purposes, perfect lateral radiographs of the knee and hip were performed. The femoral version of each simulated 3D and fluoroscopic case was measured and the results were tabulated. RESULTS: The measured version from the 3D c-arm images was 22.25 degrees retroversion, 0.66 degrees anteversion, 19.53 degrees anteversion, and 25.15 degrees anteversion for the simulated cases of 20 degrees retroversion, 0 degrees version, 15 degrees anteversion, and 30 degrees anteversion, respectively. The lateral fluoroscopic views were measured to be 9.66 degrees retroversion, 12.12 degrees anteversion, 20.91 degrees anteversion, and 18.77 degrees anteversion for the simulated cases, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the utility of a novel intraoperative method to evaluate femur rotational malreduction following IM nailing. The use of 3D c-arm imaging to measure femoral version offers accuracy and reproducibility.
PMID: 28377262
ISSN: 1879-0267
CID: 2521472
Presence of Failed Fracture Implants in Association with Lower Extremity Long Bone Nonunion Does Not Portend Worse Outcome Following Nonunion Repair
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the finding of failed fracture implants in association with lower extremity long bone fracture nonunion portends worse clinical or functional outcome following surgical nonunion repair. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. SETTING: Academic Medical Center. PATIENTS: One hundred eighty-one patients who presented to our institution over a 10-year period and underwent surgical repair of a lower extremity fracture nonunion. INTERVENTION: Surgical repair of lower extremity fracture nonunion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Time to union, postoperative complications, VAS pain scores, and Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) scores following lower extremity nonunion repair. Data was analyzed to assess for differences in postoperative outcomes based on the integrity of fracture implants at the time of nonunion diagnosis. Implant integrity was defined using 3 groups: broken implants (BI), implants intact (II), and no implants (NI). RESULTS: There was no significant difference in time to union following surgery between the BI, II, or NI groups (mean 8.1 months vs 7.6 months vs 6.2 months, respectively). Fourteen patients (7.7%) failed to heal, including 5 BI patients, 7 II patients, and 2 NI patients. One tibial nonunion patient in each of the 3 groups underwent amputation for persistent nonunion following multiple failed revision attempts at a mean of 4.8 years after initial injury. There was no difference in postoperative pain scores, the rate of postoperative complications, or functional outcome scores identified between the 3 groups. CONCLUSION: The finding of failed fracture implants at the time of lower extremity long bone nonunion diagnosis does not portend worse clinical or functional outcome following surgical nonunion repair. Patients who present with failed fracture implants at the time of nonunion diagnosis can anticipate similar time to union, complication rates, and functional outcomes when compared to patients who present with intact implants or those with history of nonoperative management. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level IV.
PMID: 28198795
ISSN: 1531-2291
CID: 2449192
Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2017:25(5):375-380.DOI: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-16-00217
Functional and Clinical Outcomes of Nonsurgically Managed Tibial Plateau Fractures
INTRODUCTION: This study sought to assess and compare long-term functional and clinical outcomes in patients with tibial plateau fractures that are treated nonsurgically. METHODS: Over a period of 8 years, 305 consecutive tibial plateau fractures were treated by three surgeons at a single institution and followed prospectively in an Institutional Review Board-approved study. Overall, 41 patients (13%) were treated nonsurgically and 37 were available for follow-up. Indications for nonsurgical management were minimal fracture displacement or preclusion of surgery because of comorbidities. A series of univariate retrospective analyses were used to identify individual risk factors potentially predictive of Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment scores. RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients were included with a mean follow-up of 21 +/- 14.9 months. Overall, 59% of patients (n = 22) attained good to excellent functional outcomes. In patients for whom surgery was precluded because of comorbidities, outcome scores were significantly poorer (38.8 +/- 23.0 versus 12.7 +/- 14.2; P = 0.001). Surgery precluded by a factor other than minimal fracture displacement predicted poor outcome (P = 0.002). DISCUSSION: Carefully selected patients with minimally displaced tibial plateau fractures can expect good to excellent outcomes when treated nonsurgically. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
PMID: 28379912
ISSN: 1940-5480
CID: 2532132
Spinal Anesthesia Improves Early Pain Levels After Surgical Treatment of Tibial Plateau Fractures
OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of spinal anesthesia (SA) on short-term outcomes when compared with general anesthesia in operatively managed tibial plateau fractures. DESIGN: This is an institutional review board-approved retrospective review of prospectively collected data. SETTING: Two level-1 trauma centers. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred twelve patients with a surgically managed tibial plateau fracture were identified within a registry of patients. INTERVENTION: Of these, 29 (25.9%) received SA and 83 (74.1%) received general anesthesia in a nonrandomized fashion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment scores, pain levels, knee range of motion, complications, and reoperations. RESULTS: SA was found to be a predictor of lower pain scores at 3 months (odds ratio, 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.12-0.95; P = 0.039) but not at 6 months (P = 0.266) or the latest follow-up (P = 0.056). In the multivariate Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment model, although anesthesia type was not found to be a statistically significant predictor, other predictors were identified. Anesthesia type was not a predictor of complications or reoperations. In the univariate analysis, SA was associated with an increased knee range of motion at 3 months (121 vs. 111 degrees; P = 0.048) but not at 6 months (P = 0.31) or the latest follow-up (P = 0.053). CONCLUSION: In patients who undergo surgical management of a tibial plateau fracture, the use of SA is associated with decreased pain levels in the early postoperative period; however, there was no effect on functional assessment scores. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
PMID: 28009616
ISSN: 1531-2291
CID: 2459572
Similar Function and Improved Range of Shoulder Motion is Achieved Following Repair of Three- and Four-Part Proximal Humerus Fractures Compared with Hemiarthroplasty
BACKGROUND: In order to compare open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with locked plating to hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of three- and four-part proximal humerus fractures, we compared two groups of patients treated during the same time period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-five patients who underwent repair of a three- or four-part proximal humerus fracture with locked plates (Group A) were identified in a prospective database and were compared to 29 patients who underwent hemiarthroplasty for similar injuries (Group B). Data was collected for both groups. Shoulder motion was measured and functional outcomes were obtained using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean length of follow-up for the ORIF group was 16 months compared to 44 months for the hemiarthroplasty group. The average postoperative forward flexion for patients in Group A was 131.1 degrees and 110.4 degrees for Group B (p < 0.047). There were no differences in DASH scores at latest follow-up (p = 0.64). Two patients in Group A had radiographic signs of osteonecrosis but had elected for no further surgery. One patient in Group A and two patients in Group B underwent a conversion to total shoulder arthroplasty. There was no difference in the rate of secondary surgery (p = 0.98). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that ORIF using locked plates leads to similar postoperative function compared to hemiarthroplasty. Patients who underwent ORIF did achieve greater forward shoulder flexion. Neither strategy leads to a higher reoperation rate.
PMID: 27620545
ISSN: 2328-5273
CID: 2257812
Are Locked Plates Needed for Split Depression Tibial Plateau Fractures?
Background Displaced tibial plateau fractures often require surgical treatment and plate and screw constructs are the most common method of fixation. There has been increased usage of locking plate technology for both complex and simple fracture patterns without any evidence demonstrating their advantage. Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical use of locked versus nonlocked plating for repair of displaced Schatzker type-II (OTA Type 41B) tibial plateau fractures. Methods Seventy-seven consecutive patients treated operatively with one of two types of plate and screw constructs in a nonrandomized fashion for Schatzker type II tibial plateau fractures and they were prospectively followed over a 5-year period. A total of 35 (45.5%) patients were treated using a locked plate and screw construct and 42 (54.5%) patients were treated with a nonlocked plate and screw construct. All patients received the same pre- and postoperative care and there was no difference in plate morphology and length between cohorts. Clinical outcomes were assessed using Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment (SMFA) scores, Visual Analogue Score for pain, and knee ranges of motion. Radiographic outcome was assessed with plain radiographs at all follow-up points. Implant costs for both types of constructs were calculated from hospital purchasing records. Results Patients were assessed at a mean period of 18.5 months (range: 12-72 months). There was no difference in demographic factors, physical examination parameters, radiographic outcomes, and SMFA scores between cohorts. In terms of cost, the cost of locked construct was $905 more than the nonlocked construct. Conclusion Based on clinical outcomes and cost per implant, we found no evidence to support the routine use of locked plating for simple split depression fractures of the lateral tibial plateau. The use of standard nonlocked, precontoured implants provides adequate fixation for these fracture patterns.
PMID: 26571049
ISSN: 1938-2480
CID: 1877322
Nature's wrath-The effect of weather on pain following orthopaedic trauma
BACKGROUND: Despite frequent complaints by orthopaedic trauma patients, to our knowledge there is no data regarding weather's effect on pain and function following acute and chronic fracture. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of daily weather conditions on patient reported pain and functional status. METHODS: We retrospectively examined prospectively collected data from 2369 separate outpatient visits of patients recovering from operative management of acute tibial plateau fractures, acute distal radius fractures, and chronic fracture nonunions. Pain and functional status were assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the DASH and SMFA functional indexes. For each visit date, the mean temperature, difference between mean temperature and expected temperature, dew point, mean humidity, amount of rain, amount of snow, and barometric pressure were recorded. Statistical analysis was run to search for associations between weather data and patient reported pain and function. RESULTS: Low barometric pressure was associated with increased pain across all patient visits (p=0.007) and for patients at 1-year follow-up only (p=0.005). At 1-year follow-up, high temperature (p=0.021) and high humidity (p=0.030) were also associated with increased pain. No significant association was noted between weather data and patient reported functional status at any follow-up interval. CONCLUSIONS: Patient complaints of weather influencing pain after orthopaedic trauma are valid. While pain in the immediate postoperative period is most likely dominated by incisional and soft tissue injuries, as time progresses barometric pressure, temperature, and humidity impact patient pain levels. Affirming and counseling that pain may vary based on changing weather conditions can help manage patient expectations and improve satisfaction.
PMID: 27318614
ISSN: 1879-0267
CID: 2158992
