Faculty Bibliography

We critically review the limited data on an emerging clinical entity, asymptomatic ileitis. We discuss some of the current theorized etiologies of this phenomenon, including subclinical Crohn's disease, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and spondylarthropathies. Finally, we discuss future areas of investigation that may better help identify and evaluate this increasingly common finding.

Clinical histories, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) material, and immunohistochemical stains performed on cell block samples of 6 solid-pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas (SPTPs) were reviewed in the cases of 5 females (13-58 years) and 1 man (57 years); all had abdominal pain. Preliminary cytologic diagnoses at endoscopy included 1 SPTP 2 low-grade neoplasms, and 3 pancreatic endocrine tumors. Variable numbers of branching fragments with central capillaries and myxoid stroma were seen in the smears of 5 of 6 cases but were more apparent in the cell block material of all cases. The cells had bland nuclear features and rare grooves. Extensive necrosis was noted in 1 case and rare mitotic figures in 1. SPTPs showed strong cellular immunoreactivity for vimentin and focal weak keratin reactivity. Neuron-specific enolase, alpha1-antitrypsin, and alpha1-antichymotrypsin stains performed in 2 cases were strongly positive. Subsequent surgical resection confirmed all diagnoses. EUS-guided FNA diagnosis of SPTP is accurate. The characteristic branching papillae with myxoid stroma are best seen in cell block slides. Clinical setting, cytomorphologic features, and immunostains of the cell block help distinguish SPTP from pancreatic endocrine tumors, acinar cell carcinoma, and papillary mucinous carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Regional enteritis may present in the setting of a variety of clinical symptoms. These symptoms range from mild to severe. METHODS: Here we describe two different presentations of regional enteritis (Crohn's disease): one in the setting of Clostridium perfringens sepsis and the second in association with hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Both presentations resulted in life-threatening multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. RESULTS: Following appropriate surgical management and intensive physiologic support, both patients recovered, despite a MODS-predicted risk of mortality of 100% and 91%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Fulminant presentations of regional enteritis of this magnitude are rare, and highlight the resolution of severe multiple organ dysfunction for each presentation.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare linear array endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and helical computed tomography (CT) scan in the preoperative local staging evaluation of patients with periampullary tumors. METHODS: Patients evaluated with EUS and CT for suspected periampullary malignancies from 1996 to 2000 were analyzed. Surgical/pathology staging results were the reference standard. RESULTS: Forty-eight patients (28 men and 20 women; mean age, 62 +/- 4.9 years; range, 18-90 years) were identified. Malignancy was histologically confirmed in 44 patients. Parameters evaluated included tumor size, lymph node metastases, and major vascular invasion. EUS was significantly more sensitive (100%), specific (75%), and accurate (98%) than helical CT (68%, 50%, and 67%, respectively) for evaluation of the periampullary mass (P <.05). In addition, EUS detected regional lymph node metastases in more patients than helical CT. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of EUS were 61%, 100%, and 84%, in comparison to 33%, 92%, and 68%, respectively, with CT. Major vascular involvement was noted in 9 of 44 patients. EUS correctly identified vascular involvement in 100% compared with 45% with CT (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: Linear array EUS was consistently superior to helical CT in the preoperative local staging of periampullary malignancies.

Since the first description by Frantz in 1959 of a papillary cystic tumor of the pancreas, solid pseudopapillary tumors have been increasing in incidence. However, management of these lesions remains controversial. Patients under the age of 20 years more often undergo local excision than do their older counterparts, resulting in increased recurrence rates. The cause of this discrepancy is not clear but may be related to an inability to make a definitive preoperative diagnosis. The authors report a case of a solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas in a 13-year-old girl in which the diagnosis was established preoperatively by endoscopic ultrasound scan with fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). EUS-FNA represents a diagnostic technique commonly used in adults that may be useful in identifying the rare pediatric patient with pancreatic malignancy

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of two reduced dosing regimens of sodium phosphate tablets (Visicol, InKine Pharmaceutical Co. Inc., Blue Bell, PA, USA) for colon cleansing prior to colonoscopy. METHODS: In a randomized, multicentre, endoscopist-blinded clinical study, adults undergoing colonoscopy received either 28 tablets (42 g) or 32 tablets (48 g) of sodium phosphate for colon cleansing. The endoscopist used a validated four-point scale to rate the overall quality of colon cleansing, as well as cleansing in the ascending colon. Adverse events were collected and evaluated. RESULTS: The quality of overall colon cleansing was 'excellent' or 'good' in 84% or more of both groups, with no significant difference between the two doses. No patient had a preparation rated as 'inadequate' or required a repeat procedure. All patients were able to complete the assigned dose of tablets, and there were no deaths, serious adverse events or dropouts from the study. CONCLUSIONS: A reduced tablet regimen for sodium phosphate tablets, using either 28 or 32 tablets, is well tolerated and effective for colon cleansing prior to colonoscopy.