Faculty Bibliography
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Non-invasive brain stimulation augmentation therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
BACKGROUND/UNASSIGNED:Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) provides adjunctive therapeutic options for individuals with schizophrenia if medications are insufficient to produce clinical response, but guidelines remain controversial on whether NIBS is effective, and which NIBS methods and targets are preferred. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of NIBS for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). METHODS/UNASSIGNED:This systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials investigated NIBS interventions, including electroconvulsive therapy, magnetic seizure therapy (MST), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and transcranial electric stimulation (tES), as adjunctive treatment for TRS. We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's specialised register from inception to 2025.07.13, and three Chinese databases from inception to 2024.10.30. The primary outcome was overall symptoms, and adverse events were analysed as secondary outcomes. We synthesized the data using random-effects network meta-analysis. Sensitivity analyses examined the robustness of the findings and the effects of the detailed NIBS protocols. The protocol was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023410645) and published in a scientific journal. FINDINGS/UNASSIGNED:We identified 21710 references and included 78 trials with a total of 3416 participants (1216 women, 1733 men; mean age 37.06 years, range 25.55-48.38; ethnicity data were not recorded). Compared with sham stimulation, rTMS (SMD -0.47, 95% CI [-0.62; -0.31]) was more efficacious in improving overall symptoms; but not in a sensitivity analysis excluding studies from Chinese mainland (-0.19, [-0.38; 0.01]). No clear differences between rTMS specific protocols in terms of stimulation targets and protocols were detected. No clear differences were found for electroconvulsive therapy (-0.20, [-0.78; 0.37]), tES (-0.08, [-0.38; 0.22]), and MST (-0.30, [-1.73; 1.13]) compared to sham stimulation. Treatment as usual might be less efficacious than sham (1.13, [-0.13; 2.38]), based on indirect evidence. NIBS was generally safe (rTMS produced headaches and local reactions), but information about adverse events was rarely reported. INTERPRETATION/UNASSIGNED:rTMS may be efficacious in individuals with TRS, but this finding was driven mainly by studies from Chinese mainland. No clear differences were observed for electroconvulsive therapy, tES, and MST, but the findings were imprecise and inconclusive. FUNDING/UNASSIGNED:German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung/BMBF; 01KG2206).
PMCID:12589960
PMID: 41210378
ISSN: 2589-5370
CID: 5966442
The major genetic determinants of HIV-1 control affect HLA class I peptide presentation
Infectious and inflammatory diseases have repeatedly shown strong genetic associations within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC); however, the basis for these associations remains elusive. To define host genetic effects on the outcome of a chronic viral infection, we performed genome-wide association analysis in a multiethnic cohort of HIV-1 controllers and progressors, and we analyzed the effects of individual amino acids within the classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) proteins. We identified >300 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the MHC and none elsewhere. Specific amino acids in the HLA-B peptide binding groove, as well as an independent HLA-C effect, explain the SNP associations and reconcile both protective and risk HLA alleles. These results implicate the nature of the HLA-viral peptide interaction as the major factor modulating durable control of HIV infection
PMCID:3235490
PMID: 21051598
ISSN: 1095-9203
CID: 134400
The acute effects of hematoporphyrin derivative photoradiation on tumor and liver capillary blood flow
The acute effects of photoradiation after administering hematoporphyrin derivative (Hpd) on capillary blood flow were studied in intrahepatic tumors and normal liver. The tumors were solitary Walker carcinosarcomas implanted within the livers of Sprague-Dawley rats. Capillary flow was measured by a laser doppler monitor with its probe positioned over the tumor or over normal liver. Within a minute after intraportal Hpd injection (1.7 mg), capillary flow in the tumors began to decrease. Minimal levels of flow were maintained for as long as 15 minutes after Hpd injection with no observed recovery of flow back to control levels. Ratio of minimal flow/control flow averaged 0.36. Similar results were seen in studies on normal liver tissue. These studies demonstrate the extremely rapid vasoactive effects caused by photoradiation of Hpd. Vasoconstriction, vascular stasis and ischemia have proven to be important mechanisms in producing tumor cell destruction by photodynamic therapy.
PMID: 2149162
ISSN: 0740-9451
CID: 825172
