Faculty Bibliography

Precise quantification of eye-hand coordination (EHC) during pediatric dexterity tasks is limited by the lack of practical, high-resolution hand tracking methods suitable for children with brain injury or neurodegenerative disease. Traditional marker-based motion capture systems and instrumented gloves can interfere with natural grasp patterns and are often difficult to implement in clinical pediatric settings. We describe an adaptation of the Anipose markerless 3D pose estimation framework to enable synchronized three-dimensional hand kinematics and eye tracking during the Nine-Hole Peg Test (9HPT). The method integrates multi-camera video acquisition with task-specific neural network training optimized to detect fine finger movements across diverse pediatric hand sizes and grasp configurations. Camera placement and recording geometry were configured to reduce occlusion during peg manipulation and maintain multi-view visibility of hand landmarks. Model validation demonstrated low pixel error and stable three-dimensional reconstruction following confidence-based thresholding. The resulting workflow generates synchronized 2D and 3D visualizations, spatial coordinate outputs, reprojection-error metrics, and landmark confidence scores without requiring wearable sensors. This approach broadens the applicability of eye-hand coordination research within pediatric clinical populations and facilitates the development of more precise, quantitatively informed diagnostic assessments and targeted neurorehabilitation strategies for children with neurologic injury. • Markerless multi-camera 3D reconstruction of pediatric hand kinematics during the 9HPT • Integration of synchronized eye tracking and task-specific neural network training • Output of validated 3D coordinates, confidence metrics, and visualization files suitable for clinical research.

In this commentary, a medical student reflects on the promise of artificial intelligence (AI) in mitigation of physician burnout and moral injury. The rapid introduction of AI technologies may present a challenge to medical professionals, especially those engaged in the transdisciplinary care of children with disabilities.

This article describes the experience of a resident physician on the burnout-prone demands of postgraduate training during rapidly evolving integration of technology including artificial intelligence.

IMPORTANCE/OBJECTIVE:Children with cerebral palsy (CP) and severe hand impairment have limited options for upper extremity (UE) orthoses. OBJECTIVE:To (1) design and fabricate a customized low-cost, functional, three-dimensional (3D) printed dynamic upper extremity orthosis (DUEO) and (2) examine, using a comprehensive evaluation, the effect of the orthosis on the UE function of children with unilateral UE CP, Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) Levels III to V. DESIGN/METHODS:Pilot study. Assessments were performed pretreatment and immediately posttreatment. SETTING/METHODS:Hospital-based outpatient occupational therapy department. PARTICIPANTS/METHODS:Five patients, ages 13 to 17 yr, with CP and unilateral UE involvement MACS Levels III to V. INTERVENTION/METHODS:Custom forearm thumb opponens orthosis and the DUEO were designed and fabricated by a multidisciplinary team for use during eight 1-hr occupational therapy sessions targeting bimanual UE training. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES/METHODS:Pretreatment and posttreatment assessments included the Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA), Melbourne Assessment 2 (MA-2), Pediatric Motor Activity Log-Revised (PMAL-R), and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory: CP Module (PedsQL:CP). RESULTS:All participants had higher posttreatment scores on at least one measure. Four had minimal clinically important differences (MCID) on the AHA. Three met MCID criteria on MA-2 subtests (one negative change). Four demonstrated improvement on the PMAL-R (one participant achieved an MCID score), and three reported improvements in more than one PedsQL:CP domain. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE/CONCLUSIONS:This novel 3D-printed device, in combination with occupational therapy, shows promising evidence that children who score in lower MACS levels can show gains in UE function. What This Article Adds: This study demonstrates that a customized, 3D-printed dynamic orthosis, in combination with occupational therapy intervention, can facilitate UE function in children with severe hand impairment.

This case report details the complex case of an adolescent patient with chondroblastic osteosarcoma in the setting of Li-Fraumeni syndrome, leading to hemipelvectomy and post-operative complications. International Classification of Functioning principles were used as a roadmap for optimization of functional restoration and transition of care coordination.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE:Children and adolescents (<18 years old) who sustain a spinal cord injury (SCI) should ideally be managed in specialized rehabilitation services. This project aims to describe the organization of pediatric SCI in ten rehabilitation units in seven countries and to qualitatively explore psychosocial aspects of adolescents living with SCI. METHODS:A multicenter cross-sectional project is planned, using quantitative (web survey) and qualitative (interview) methods in ten rehabilitation units from Norway, Sweden, United States, Israel, PR China, Russia and Palestine. Individual interviews will be conducted with ≥20 adolescents aged 13-17 years at least 6 months' post rehabilitation. RESULTS:Units involved will be described and compared, according to funding, attachment to an acute SCI unit, catchment area, number of beds, admittance and discharge procedures, availability of services, staff/patient ratio, content and intensity of rehabilitation programs, length of stay, measurement methods, follow-up services, health promotion services, and pediatric SCI prevention acts. The semi-structured interview guide will include experiences from acute care and primary rehabilitation, daily life, school, contact with friends, leisure time activities, peers, physical and psychological health, and the adolescents' plans for the future. CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:Based on the present protocol, this project is likely to provide new insight and knowledge on pediatric SCI rehabilitation and increase the understanding of pediatric SCI in adolescents and their families internationally.