Faculty Bibliography

IMPORTANCE/UNASSIGNED:Bariatric surgery, once the criterion standard in obesity treatment, has a small but concerning association with increased suicidality. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), originally developed to treat diabetes, now provide substantial efficacy in the treatment of obesity. However, concerns of risk of suicidality with these medicines have been raised. OBJECTIVE/UNASSIGNED:To evaluate the risk of suicidality and self-harm in randomized, placebo-controlled trials of GLP-1 RAs in adults with diabetes or obesity. DATA SOURCES/UNASSIGNED:MEDLINE, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched from inception to August 29, 2023. STUDY SELECTION/UNASSIGNED:Reports of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) lasting 6 or more months comparing GLP-1 RAs with placebo for the treatment of diabetes or obesity published in peer-reviewed journals were identified. Two independent reviewers screened all search-identified studies for inclusion. Records of outcomes were queried from primary papers, ClinicalTrials.gov entries, and corresponding authors. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS/UNASSIGNED:Two independent researchers abstracted data and assessed data quality and validity using PRISMA guidelines. Data were pooled using random-effects models. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES/UNASSIGNED:Pooled incidence of completed or attempted suicide, occurrences of suicidal ideation, or self-harm. RESULTS/UNASSIGNED:A total of 27 of 144 RCTs meeting inclusion criteria systematically recorded suicide and/or self-harm-related events and included 32 357 individuals receiving GLP-1 RAs and 27 046 treated with placebo, over 74 740 and 68 095 person-years of follow-up, respectively. Event incidence was very low in the GLP-1 RA (0.044 per 100 person-years) and placebo (0.040 per 100 person-years) groups, with no statistically significant difference (rate ratio [RR], 0.76; 95% CI, 0.48-1.21; P = .24). Subgroup analyses did not suggest differences in outcomes based on diabetes status or GLP-1 RA used. Five studies were considered at risk of bias due to the loss of more than 5% of participants to follow-up. Otherwise, studies were not found to be heterogeneous nor at high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE/UNASSIGNED:There is unlikely to be an increase in the very low incidence of suicide-related adverse events among individuals receiving GLP-1 RAs within the context of RCTs. While these findings may further ease concerns about these adverse effects, continued monitoring is warranted to identify particular patients who may be at risk as extended use of GLP-1 RAs expands.

GOALS/OBJECTIVE:The goal of this clinical review is to provide an overview of the current literature regarding the utility of prophylactic clips in reducing postpolypectomy bleeding and to provide an expert statement regarding their appropriateness in clinical practice. BACKGROUND:Colonoscopy enables the identification and removal of premalignant and malignant lesions through polypectomy, yet complications including postpolypectomy bleeding (PPB) can arise. While various studies have explored applying clips prophylactically to prevent PPB, their effectiveness remains uncertain. STUDY/METHODS:A literature search conducted in PubMed and Embase identified 671 publications discussing clip use postpolypectomy; 67 were found to be relevant after screening, reporting outcomes related to PPB. Data related to clip utilization, polyp characteristics, and adverse events were extracted and discussed. RESULTS:The current literature suggests that prophylactic clipping is most beneficial for nonpedunculated polyps ≥20 mm, especially those in the proximal colon. The utility of clipping smaller polyps and those in the distal colon remains less clear. Antithrombotic medication usage, particularly anticoagulants, has been linked to an increased risk of bleeding, prompting consideration for clip placement in this patient subgroup. While cost-effectiveness analyses may indicate potential savings, the decision to clip should be tailored to individual patient factors and polyp characteristics. CONCLUSIONS:Current research suggests that the application of prophylactic clips can be particularly beneficial in preventing delayed bleeding after removal of large nonpedunculated polyps, especially for those in the proximal colon and in patients on antithrombotic medications. In addition, for large pedunculated polyps prophylactic clipping is most effective at controlling immediate bleeding.

There has been a surge of interest in large language models (LLMs) since ChatGPT"™s public debut in 2022. The implementation of LLMs in medicine raises questions about the reliability of LLM-generated content. Next steps for LLMs in medicine include more research to establish validity, regulation to ensure safety, and integration of information retrieval techniques to improve accuracy.

INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND:Asian American populations face unique structural/social inequities contributing to poor diet quality and health disparities. The current body of literature on diet and food consumption of Asian Americans mainly focuses on the health of Filipino and East Asian Americans, or those with pre-existing non-communicable diseases. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this review is to comprehensively compile all available literature on nutrition and dietary consumption among the general population in Asian American ethnic subgroups, highlight any disparities and research gaps, and suggest further research action. METHODS:With guidance from a research librarian, we enumerated and searched key terms related to diet, food, nutrition, and Asian Americans in PubMed/MEDLINE, Food Science Collection (CABI Digital Library), CINAHL (EBSCO), Scopus, Food Science and Technology Abstracts (Web of Science), and Biological & Agricultural Index Plus (EBSCO) in accordance with PRISMA-S guidelines. An article will be included if it was published in the English language; is a peer-reviewed research manuscript or published in grey literature from 2000 to present; and describes what food groups and macronutrients healthy non-institutionalized Asian Americans in the U.S. are eating. An article will be excluded if it contains only research conducted outside of the U.S.; combines Asian Americans with Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders; and had no explicit focus on Asian American nutrition and dietary consumption. Two or more reviewers will participate in the study screening and selection process. We will record article characteristics, diet outcomes, and recommendations from final included articles using a data extraction table and prepare a summary narrative with key findings. EXPECTED OUTPUTS/UNASSIGNED:Results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed manuscript. The findings from this review can have broad implications for designing and implementing nutrition-focused initiatives that will appropriately reflect and address the needs as well as norms and values of each distinct Asian American ethnic subgroup.

BACKGROUND:Meta-research in which researchers are the study subjects can illuminate how to better support researchers and enhance the development of research capacity. Comprehensively compiling the literature in this area can help define best practices for research capacity development and reveal gaps in the literature. However, there are challenges to assessing and synthesizing the breadth of the meta-research literature produced. METHODS:In this article, we discuss the current barriers to conducting literature reviews on meta-research and strategies to address these barriers. We then outline proposed methods for conducting a scoping review on meta-research with researchers as study subjects. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS:Due to its interdisciplinary nature, broad scope, and difficult to pinpoint terminology, little is known about the state of meta-research with researchers as the study subjects. For this reason, there is a need for a scoping review that will identify research performed in which researchers were the study subjects.

This protocol outlines a proposed scoping review to characterize evidence on implementation and quality improvement (QI) strategies that aim to improve equitable, evidence-informed care delivery for pregnant and birthing people with substance use disorder (SUD) in acute care. Untreated SUD during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of overdose and severe maternal morbidity. Acute care settings are one important place to deliver equitable, evidence-informed clinical care. While clinical practice guidelines for substance use treatment and care of pregnant and birthing people with SUD exist, there are gaps in implementation. Our population of interest is pregnant and birthing people with SUD in an acute care setting. We will include US-based studies that describe or evaluate implementation or QI strategies, including experimental, observational, and descriptive studies published from 2016 to 2023. The proposed scoping review will be conducted in accordance with JBI methodology for scoping reviews and registered at OSF (registration number: BC4VZ). We will search MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL Complete (EBSCO), Scopus (Elsevier), and APA PsychInfo (Ovid) for published studies. Conference proceedings and Perinatal Quality Collaborative websites will be searched for grey literature. Two reviewers will independently screen then extract studies that meet inclusion criteria using a data extraction tool. The completion of this scoping review will help illuminate strengths and gaps in research and practice that aim to inform substance use treatment and care in acute care settings for pregnant and birthing people with SUD.

INTRODUCTION/UNASSIGNED:We hosted a national consensus conference with a diverse group of stakeholders to develop a patient-centered research agenda focused on reducing disparities in telehealth use. METHODS/UNASSIGNED: = 8). RESULTS/UNASSIGNED: = 8). The top question identified by both groups focused on patient and family perspectives on important barriers to telehealth use. The entire group voting identified telehealth's impact on patient outcomes as the next most important questions, while the patient-only group identified trust-related considerations and cultural factors impacting telehealth use as next priorities. CONCLUSIONS/UNASSIGNED:This project involved extensive patient and stakeholder engagement. While voting varied between patients only and the entire group of conference attendees, top identified priorities included patient and family perspectives on important barriers to telehealth, trust and cultural barriers and facilitators to telehealth, and assessment of telehealth's impact on patient outcomes. This research agenda can inform design of future research focused on addressing disparities in telehealth use.

Meta-research is a bourgeoning field studying topics with significant relevance to health sciences librarianship, such as research reproducibility, peer review, and open access. As a discipline that studies research itself and the practices of researchers, meta-research spans disciplines and encompasses a broad spectrum of topics and methods. The breadth of meta-research presents a significant challenge for identifying published meta-research studies. Introducing a subject heading for meta-research in the controlled vocabularies of literature databases has the potential to increase the visibility of meta-research, further advance the field, and expand its impact on research practices. Given the relatively recent designation of meta-research as a field and its expanding use as a term, now is the time to develop appropriate indexing vocabulary. We seek to call attention to the value of meta-research for health sciences librarianship, describe the challenges of identifying meta-research literature with currently available key terms, and highlight the need to establish controlled vocabulary specific to meta-research.