Faculty Bibliography

The study is by far the largest to determine the effects of hormones on breast cancer. The findings, which are being published in London on Saturday in the journal The Lancet, build on compelling evidence from studies in the United States that the risks of invasive breast cancer from combination hormone therapy were greater than many doctors had predicted

From March 1 through July 30, about 100 cases of pneumonia were reported among all U.S. troops deployed in the region, the officials said Tuesday, and doctors have not been able to determine the cause of the disease in most of them. In 15 of the cases, the pneumonia was severe enough to require attaching the patients to mechanical respirators. Ten of those cases occurred in Iraq, where most troops are deployed; the others occurred in Kuwait, Qatar and Uzbekistan

Their tissue culture technique for growing viruses yielded a number of unexpected dividends that expanded the scope of infectious diseases studies as scientists isolated an increasing number of viruses that cause common ailments like measles. It also had important implications for cancer because it allowed scientists to study its relationship to viruses. In 1948, when [Frederick Robbins] joined [John Enders]'s laboratory at Children's Hospital in Boston, there was no convenient way for scientists to work with viruses in the laboratory. The vast majority of such research at that time had to be conducted on eggs, mice, monkeys and other animals. The three scientists focused on polio, then one of the most feared diseases, and though the group's work involved basic research it had a practical aim. Robbins's team wanted to grow polio and other viruses in the laboratory so they could make vaccines

In 1949, Dr. Robbins was the senior author of his team's scientific paper describing the growth of the polio virus in tissue culture. The paper was 'modest in size and wording but with a sensational content,' Dr. Sven Gard, a member of the Nobel committee said of the team's choice for the prize in medicine or physiology

In 15 of the cases, the pneumonia was severe enough to require attaching the patients to mechanical respirators. Ten of those cases occurred in Iraq, where most troops are deployed; the others occurred in Kuwait, Qatar and Uzbekistan

Their tissue culture technique for growing viruses yielded a number of unexpected dividends that expanded the scope of infectious disease studies as scientists isolated an increasing number of viruses that cause common ailments like measles. It also had important implications for cancer because it allowed scientists to study its relationship to viruses. In 1948, when Dr. Robbins joined Enders' laboratory at Children's Hospital in Boston, there was no convenient way for scientists to work with viruses in the laboratory. The vast bulk of such research at that time had to be conducted on eggs, mice, monkeys and other animals. The three scientists focused on polio, then one of the most feared diseases, and though the group's work involved basic research it had a practical aim. Dr. Robbins' team wanted to grow polio and other viruses in the laboratory so they could make vaccines

In 15 of the cases, the pneumonia was severe enough to require attaching the patients to mechanical respirators. Ten of those cases occurred in Iraq, where most troops are deployed; the others occurred in Kuwait, Qatar and Uzbekistan. About three deaths from pneumonia occur on average among all Army troops each year, [Bob DeFraites] said, 'so two occurring in one area of the world in about a month was enough to cause us concern' and to lead to an epidemiologic investigation. DeFraites said his team was trying to obtain data to compare the incidence of pneumonia in the Iraq war to that among troops during the Persian Gulf War in 1991

In 15 cases, the pneumonia was severe enough to require attaching the sick troops to mechanical respirators. Ten of the 15 cases occurred in Iraq, where most of the troops are deployed; the others occurred in Kuwait, Qatar and Uzbekistan. About three deaths from pneumonia usually occur among all Army troops each year, said Dr. [Bob DeFraites], ''so two occurring in one area of the world in about a month was enough to cause us concern'' and to lead to an epidemiologic investigation. Dr. DeFraites said his team is trying to obtain data to compare the incidence of pneumonia in the Iraq war to that among troops during the Persian Gulf war in 1991. He said he was also trying to determine if any pneumonia cases have occurred among British troops in Iraq

In 15 of the cases, the pneumonia was severe enough to require attaching the patients to mechanical respirators. Ten of those cases occurred in Iraq, where most troops are deployed; the others occurred in Kuwait, Qatar and Uzbekistan. About three deaths from pneumonia occur on average among all Army troops each year, [Bob DeFraites] said, 'so two occurring in one area of the world in about a month was enough to cause us concern' and to lead to an epidemiologic investigation

A most puzzling aspect of the epidemic is the low rate of infection among health workers who cared for SARS patients in China, [Klaus Stohr] said. That is in contrast with higher rates in Hong Kong, Singapore, Toronto and other areas. In the population at large, detecting SARS in the earliest stages is a top priority among researchers. Chinese scientists told Stohr they had developed a promising lead for an early test. He said they could detect the virus in a type of white blood cell known as the T-lymphocyte, the second type of white blood cell in which scientists have detected the SARS virus. The new infected cell finding also supports the theory that the SARS virus prompts substances known as cytokines, like interferon and tumor necrosis factor, to produce an immunologic reaction that can damage the lungs and other organs. Pneumonia is one of the potentially fatal manifestations of SARS, and many doctors have speculated that SARS pneumonia results from an immunologic reaction, not a direct attack by the SARS virus. WHO and its research team have said that SARS is a new member of the coronavirus family, and have eagerly awaited China's testing results for SARS among specimens kept frozen in laboratories there before the epidemic began in November