Faculty Bibliography

Dr. Kevin Fenton, who directs HIV- prevention efforts at the agency, said, 'CDC's new incidence estimates reveal that the HIV epidemic is and has been worse than previously known.' A separate historical trend analysis published as part of the study suggests that the number of new infections was probably never as low as the earlier estimate of 40,000 and that it has been roughly stable over all since the late 1990s. Dr. Philip Alcabes, an epidemiologist at Hunter College in New York, raised questions about the validity of the findings. If they are true, Alcabes said in a statement, the agency has undercounted new HIV infections by about 15,000 per year for about 15 years. 'Therefore, there are roughly 225,000 more people living with HIV in the U.S. than previously suspected,' he said. 'The previous estimate was 1 million to 1.1 million.' A number of leading health experts have criticized the agency for not releasing the information earlier. On Nov. 21, CDC officials told AIDS advocacy groups and reporters that the data would be released soon. In an editorial on June 21, The Lancet, an internationally prestigious journal published in London, severely criticized the disease centers for failing to release the information and said, 'U.S. efforts to prevent HIV have failed dismally.'

It was only four years after the discovery of the structure of the DNA molecule by James Watson and Francis Crick, and one year after scientists had established that the correct number of human chromosomes was 46, a finding that helped genetics begin to flourish

[Barack Obama]'s heaviest smoking was seven or eight cigarettes a day, but three was more typical, according to an interview published in the November issue of Men's Health magazine. In a letter given to reporters before the election, Obama's doctor described his smoking history as 'intermittent,' and said he had quit several times and was using Nicorette gum, a form of nicotine replacement, 'with success.' Obama was often seen chewing gum during the campaign. 'It's generally prompted by a stressful situation, when they're fatigued and they need to concentrate and focus,' [Neal Benowitz] said. 'Obama talked about that. People are used to having a cigarette in that situation.' 'Then there is something called hedonic dysregulation,' Benowitz said. 'It involves pleasure. Nicotine involves dopamine release, which is key in signaling pleasure. When people quit smoking, they don't experience things they used to like as pleasure.'

''It's likely that some cultural influences are involved, and I am sure that people are doing what their grandmothers and aunties did in practices carried through generations,'' Dr. [Kenneth L. Dominguez] said. The first two cases involved boys from Miami infected in the mid-'90s. One boy's infection was detected when he was 39 months old, shortly before his death, after previously testing negative for the virus twice. The mother, who was infected, reported pre-chewing food for the boy. The second boy's mother was uninfected but lived with an infected aunt who pre-chewed his food. He survives. In the third case, a girl from Memphis was found to be infected in 2004 at 9 months old after testing negative for the virus three times. Her mother was infected and pre-chewed food for her daughter

The melanoma removed in 2000 was Stage IIa on a standard classification that makes Stage IV the most serious. For Stage IIa melanoma, the survival rate 10 years after diagnosis is about 65 percent. But the outlook is much better for patients like [John McCain], who have already survived more than seven years. Even if the melanoma returns, McCain would not be the first sitting president to have had cancer. From what information he has disclosed, he is at increased risk for melanoma and other skin cancers because of his medical history, fair skin and prolonged sun exposure at a young age - long before the wide use of sunscreen. The most serious melanoma was spotted on his temple in 2000 by the attending physician at the U.S. Capitol after it had escaped the eye of McCain's personal physician at Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, in Arizona. The Capitol physician also spotted the melanoma on his left arm

''We can say we have a culprit with the smoking gun at the scene of the crime, but that still doesn't mean he's guilty,'' Dr. [Patrick S. Moore] said in a telephone interview. ''We have a long way to go to prove that this agent is really the cause,'' he said. ''But the fact that the virus is so strongly associated with the tumor is at least a very good bet that it is playing an important role.'' ''It is not every day,'' Dr. [Anthony S. Fauci] said, ''that you have some pretty compelling molecular proof that a virus is associated, likely causally, with development of a particular cancerous process.''

With modifications, scientists should be able to grow a human heart by taking stem cells from a patient's bone marrow and placing them in a cadaver heart that has been prepared as a scaffold, Ms. Taylor said in a telephone interview from her laboratory in Minneapolis. Todd N. McAllister of Cytograft Tissue Engineering in Novato, Calif., said, 'Doris Taylor's work is one of those maddeningly simple ideas that you knock yourself on the head, saying, 'Why didn't I think of that?'' Mr. McAllister's team has used a snippet of a patient's skin to grow blood vessels in a laboratory, and then implanted them to restore blood flow around a patient's damaged arteries and veins.

The trust he earned helped shape recent history when, in a consultation in Russia, he determined that President Boris N. Yeltsin, who had fallen ill during a re-election campaign in 1996, could undergo coronary bypass surgery.

Tuberculosis and AIDS are now epidemic in many areas of the world, and the two infectious diseases must be addressed together, said the officials, who spoke from the United Nations' first high-level meeting on the interaction of the two diseases

[...] a team of Harvard doctors is reporting that a new outpatient laser procedure promises to eliminate the need for radiation, preserve speech, shorten treatment time and significantly improve care in other ways for many patients whose cancer is diagnosed early