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Burden of injury along the development spectrum: associations between the Socio-demographic Index and disability-adjusted life year estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Haagsma, Juanita A; James, Spencer L; Castle, Chris D; Dingels, Zachary V; Fox, Jack T; Hamilton, Erin B; Liu, Zichen; Lucchesi, Lydia R; Roberts, Nicholas L S; Sylte, Dillon O; Adebayo, Oladimeji M; Ahmadi, Alireza; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine; Alahdab, Fares; Alghnam, Suliman A; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M; Alsharif, Ubai; Altirkawi, Khalid; Anjomshoa, Mina; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T; Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw; Aremu, Olatunde; Arora, Amit; Asayesh, Hamid; Assadi, Reza; Awasthi, Ashish; Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina; Balalla, Shivanthi; Banstola, Amrit; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn; Bärnighausen, Till Winfried; Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad; Bedi, Neeraj; Behzadifar, Masoud; Behzadifar, Meysam; Benjet, Corina; Bennett, Derrick A; Bensenor, Isabela M; Bhaumik, Soumyadeep; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Bijani, Ali; Borges, Guilherme; Borschmann, Rohan; Bose, Dipan; Boufous, Soufiane; Brazinova, Alexandra; Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar; Cárdenas, Rosario; Carrero, Juan J; Carvalho, Félix; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A; Catalá-López, Ferrán; Choi, Jee-Young J; Christopher, Devasahayam J; Crowe, Christopher Stephen; Dalal, Koustuv; Daryani, Ahmad; Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil; Degenhardt, Louisa; De Leo, Diego; De Neve, Jan-Walter; Deribe, Kebede; Dessie, Getenet Ayalew; deVeber, Gabrielle Aline; Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda; Doan, Linh Phuong; Dolan, Kate A; Driscoll, Tim Robert; Dubey, Manisha; El-Khatib, Ziad; Ellingsen, Christian Lycke; El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa; Endries, Aman Yesuf; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Faro, Andre; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Fernandes, Eduarda; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; Franklin, Richard Charles; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Gezae, Kebede Embaye; Gill, Tiffany K; Goulart, Alessandra C; Grada, Ayman; Guo, Yuming; Gupta, Rahul; Haghparast Bidgoli, Hassan; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Haj-Mirzaian, Arya; Hamadeh, Randah R; Hamidi, Samer; Haro, Josep Maria; Hassankhani, Hadi; Hassen, Hamid Yimam; Havmoeller, Rasmus; Hendrie, Delia; Henok, Andualem; Híjar, Martha; Hole, Michael K; Homaie Rad, Enayatollah; Hossain, Naznin; Hostiuc, Sorin; Hu, Guoqing; Igumbor, Ehimario U; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Ivers, Rebecca Q; Jacobsen, Kathryn H; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jonas, Jost B; Jorjoran Shushtari, Zahra; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Jürisson, Mikk; Kabir, Ali; Kalani, Rizwan; Kasaeian, Amir; Kelbore, Abraham Getachew; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif; Khalid, Nauman; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khoja, Abdullah T; Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A; Kim, Young-Eun; Kim, Daniel; Kisa, Adnan; Koyanagi, Ai; Kuate Defo, Barthelemy; Kucuk Bicer, Burcu; Kumar, Manasi; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lam, Hilton; Lami, Faris Hasan; Lansingh, Van C; Leasher, Janet L; Li, Shanshan; Linn, Shai; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Machado, Flavia R; Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan; Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed; Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur; Majdan, Marek; Majeed, Azeem; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malik, Manzoor Ahmad; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Manda, Ana-Laura; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard; Maulik, Pallab K; Meheretu, Hailemariam Abiy Alemu; Mehndiratta, Man Mohan; Melese, Addisu; Mendoza, Walter; Mengesha, Melkamu Merid; Meretoja, Tuomo J; Meretoja, Atte; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Miller, Ted R; Mini, G K; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M; Moazen, Babak; Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser; Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh; Mohammed, Shafiu; Molokhia, Mariam; Monasta, Lorenzo; Mondello, Stefania; Montero-Zamora, Pablo A; Moodley, Yoshan; Moosazadeh, Mahmood; Moradi, Ghobad; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Morawska, Lidia; Velásquez, Ilais Moreno; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Moschos, Marilita M; Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam; Murthy, Srinivas; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Naik, Gurudatta; Najafi, Farid; Nangia, Vinay; Nascimento, Bruno Ramos; Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith; Negoi, Ionut; Nguyen, Trang Huyen; Nguyen, Son Hoang; Nguyen, Long Hoang; Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi; Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini; Nirayo, Yirga Legesse; Ofori-Asenso, Richard; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Oh, In-Hwan; Oladimeji, Olanrewaju; Olagunju, Andrew T; Olagunju, Tinuke O; Olivares, Pedro R; Orpana, Heather M; Otstavnov, Stanislav S; P A, Mahesh; Pakhale, Smita; Park, Eun-Kee; Patton, George C; Pesudovs, Konrad; Phillips, Michael R; Polinder, Suzanne; Prakash, Swayam; Radfar, Amir; Rafay, Anwar; Rafiei, Alireza; Rahimi, Siavash; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rai, Rajesh Kumar; Ramezanzadeh, Kiana; Rawaf, Salman; Rawaf, David Laith; Renzaho, Andre M N; Resnikoff, Serge; Rezaeian, Shahab; Roever, Leonardo; Ronfani, Luca; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Sabde, Yogesh Damodar; Saddik, Basema; Salamati, Payman; Salimi, Yahya; Salz, Inbal; Samy, Abdallah M; Sanabria, Juan; Sanchez Riera, Lidia; Santric Milicevic, Milena M; Satpathy, Maheswar; Sawhney, Monika; Sawyer, Susan M; Saxena, Sonia; Saylan, Mete; Schneider, Ione J C; Schwebel, David C; Seedat, Soraya; Sepanlou, Sadaf G; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran; Shamsizadeh, Morteza; Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi; Sheikh, Aziz; Shen, Jiabin; Shigematsu, Mika; Shiri, Rahman; Shiue, Ivy; Silva, João Pedro; Singh, Jasvinder A; Sinha, Dhirendra Narain; Soares Filho, Adauto Martins; Soriano, Joan B; Soshnikov, Sergey; Soyiri, Ireneous N; Starodubov, Vladimir I; Stein, Dan J; Stokes, Mark A; Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale; Sunshine, Jacob E; Sykes, Bryan L; Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael; Tabb, Karen M; Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash; Tessema, Gizachew Assefa; Thakur, Jarnail Singh; Tran, Khanh Bao; Tran, Bach Xuan; Tudor Car, Lorainne; Uthman, Olalekan A; Uzochukwu, Benjamin S Chudi; Valdez, Pascual R; Varavikova, Elena; Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales; Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy; Violante, Francesco S; Vlassov, Vasily; Waheed, Yasir; Wang, Yuan-Pang; Wijeratne, Tissa; Winkler, Andrea Sylvia; Yadav, Priyanka; Yano, Yuichiro; Yenesew, Muluken Azage; Yip, Paul; Yisma, Engida; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Younis, Mustafa Z; Yu, Chuanhua; Zafar, Shamsa; Zaidi, Zoubida; Zaman, Sojib Bin; Zamani, Mohammad; Zhao, Yong; Zodpey, Sanjay; Hay, Simon I; Lopez, Alan D; Mokdad, Ali H; Vos, Theo
BACKGROUND:The epidemiological transition of non-communicable diseases replacing infectious diseases as the main contributors to disease burden has been well documented in global health literature. Less focus, however, has been given to the relationship between sociodemographic changes and injury. The aim of this study was to examine the association between disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from injury for 195 countries and territories at different levels along the development spectrum between 1990 and 2017 based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 estimates. METHODS:Injury mortality was estimated using the GBD mortality database, corrections for garbage coding and CODEm-the cause of death ensemble modelling tool. Morbidity estimation was based on surveys and inpatient and outpatient data sets for 30 cause-of-injury with 47 nature-of-injury categories each. The Socio-demographic Index (SDI) is a composite indicator that includes lagged income per capita, average educational attainment over age 15 years and total fertility rate. RESULTS:For many causes of injury, age-standardised DALY rates declined with increasing SDI, although road injury, interpersonal violence and self-harm did not follow this pattern. Particularly for self-harm opposing patterns were observed in regions with similar SDI levels. For road injuries, this effect was less pronounced. CONCLUSIONS:The overall global pattern is that of declining injury burden with increasing SDI. However, not all injuries follow this pattern, which suggests multiple underlying mechanisms influencing injury DALYs. There is a need for a detailed understanding of these patterns to help to inform national and global efforts to address injury-related health outcomes across the development spectrum.
PMID: 31915273
ISSN: 1475-5785
CID: 5831932
Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
James, Spencer L; Castle, Chris D; Dingels, Zachary V; Fox, Jack T; Hamilton, Erin B; Liu, Zichen; S Roberts, Nicholas L; Sylte, Dillon O; Henry, Nathaniel J; LeGrand, Kate E; Abdelalim, Ahmed; Abdoli, Amir; Abdollahpour, Ibrahim; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Abedi, Aidin; Abosetugn, Akine Eshete; Abushouk, Abdelrahman I; Adebayo, Oladimeji M; Agudelo-Botero, Marcela; Ahmad, Tauseef; Ahmed, Rushdia; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Eddine Aichour, Miloud Taki; Alahdab, Fares; Alamene, Genet Melak; Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour; Alebel, Animut; Alema, Niguse Meles; Alghnam, Suliman A; Al-Hajj, Samar; Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir; Ali, Saqib; Alikhani, Mahtab; Alinia, Cyrus; Alipour, Vahid; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Almasi-Hashiani, Amir; Almasri, Nihad A; Altirkawi, Khalid; Abdeldayem Amer, Yasser Sami; Amini, Saeed; Loreche Amit, Arianna Maever; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza; T Antonio, Carl Abelardo; Yaw Appiah, Seth Christopher; Arabloo, Jalal; Arab-Zozani, Morteza; Arefi, Zohreh; Aremu, Olatunde; Ariani, Filippo; Arora, Amit; Asaad, Malke; Asghari, Babak; Awoke, Nefsu; Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina; Ayano, Getinet; Ayanore, Martin Amogre; Azari, Samad; Azarian, Ghasem; Badawi, Alaa; Badiye, Ashish D; Bagli, Eleni; Baig, Atif Amin; Bairwa, Mohan; Bakhtiari, Ahad; Balachandran, Arun; Banach, Maciej; Banerjee, Srikanta K; Banik, Palash Chandra; Banstola, Amrit; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn; Bärnighausen, Till Winfried; Barrero, Lope H; Barzegar, Akbar; Bayati, Mohsen; Baye, Bayisa Abdissa; Bedi, Neeraj; Behzadifar, Masoud; Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye; Belete, Habte; Benjet, Corina; Bennett, Derrick A; Bensenor, Isabela M; Berhe, Kidanemaryam; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhat, Anusha Ganapati; Bhattacharyya, Krittika; Bibi, Sadia; Bijani, Ali; Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat; Borges, Guilherme; Borzì, Antonio Maria; Boufous, Soufiane; Brazinova, Alexandra; Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich; Budhathoki, Shyam S; Car, Josip; Cárdenas, Rosario; Carvalho, Félix; Castaldelli-Maia, João Mauricio; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A; Castelpietra, Giulio; Catalá-López, Ferrán; Cerin, Ester; Chandan, Joht S; Chanie, Wagaye Fentahun; Chattu, Soosanna Kumary; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chatziralli, Irini; Chaudhary, Neha; Cho, Daniel Youngwhan; Kabir Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Colquhoun, Samantha M; Constantin, Maria-Magdalena; Costa, Vera M; Damiani, Giovanni; Daryani, Ahmad; Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto; Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen; Demis, Asmamaw Bizuneh; Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam; Demsie, Desalegn Getnet; Derakhshani, Afshin; Deribe, Kebede; Desai, Rupak; Nasab, Mostafa Dianati; da Silva, Diana Dias; Dibaji Forooshani, Zahra Sadat; Doyle, Kerrie E; Driscoll, Tim Robert; Dubljanin, Eleonora; Adema, Bereket Duko; Eagan, Arielle Wilder; Eftekhari, Aziz; Ehsani-Chimeh, Elham; Sayed Zaki, Maysaa El; Elemineh, Demelash Abewa; El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I; El-Khatib, Ziad; Ellingsen, Christian Lycke; Emamian, Mohammad Hassan; Endalew, Daniel Adane; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Faris, Pawan Sirwan; Faro, Andre; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fatahi, Yousef; Fekadu, Wubalem; Ferede, Tomas Y; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Fernandes, Eduarda; Ferrara, Pietro; Feyissa, Garumma Tolu; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Foroutan, Masoud; Francis, Joel Msafiri; Franklin, Richard Charles; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle; Gebre, Abadi Kahsu; Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork; Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn; Gebremichael, Berhe; Gedefaw, Getnet Azeze; Geta, Birhanu; Ghafourifard, Mansour; Ghamari, Farhad; Ghashghaee, Ahmad; Gholamian, Asadollah; Gill, Tiffany K; Goulart, Alessandra C; Grada, Ayman; Grivna, Michal; Mohialdeen Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim; Guimarães, Rafael Alves; Guo, Yuming; Gupta, Gaurav; Haagsma, Juanita A; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast; Hall, Brian James; Hamadeh, Randah R; Hamidi, Samer; Haro, Josep Maria; Hasan, Md Mehedi; Hasanzadeh, Amir; Hassanipour, Soheil; Hassankhani, Hadi; Hassen, Hamid Yimam; Havmoeller, Rasmus; Hayat, Khezar; Hendrie, Delia; Heydarpour, Fatemeh; Híjar, Martha; Ho, Hung Chak; Hoang, Chi Linh; Hole, Michael K; Holla, Ramesh; Hossain, Naznin; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Sorin; Hu, Guoqing; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Irena; Ilic, Milena D; Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja; Indriasih, Endang; Naghibi Irvani, Seyed Sina; Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed; Islam, M Mofizul; Ivers, Rebecca Q; Jacobsen, Kathryn H; Jahani, Mohammad Ali; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jalilian, Farzad; Jayaraman, Sudha; Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra; Jha, Ravi Prakash; John-Akinola, Yetunde O; Jonas, Jost B; Joseph, Nitin; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Jungari, Suresh Banayya; Jürisson, Mikk; Kabir, Ali; Kadel, Rajendra; Kahsay, Amaha; Kalankesh, Leila R; Kalhor, Rohollah; Kamil, Teshome Abegaz; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kapoor, Neeti; Karami, Manoochehr; Kasaeian, Amir; Kassaye, Hagazi Gebremedhin; Kavetskyy, Taras; Kebede, Hafte Kahsay; Keiyoro, Peter Njenga; Kelbore, Abraham Getachew; Kelkay, Bayew; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif; Khalid, Nauman; Khalil, Ibrahim A; Khalilov, Rovshan; Khammarnia, Mohammad; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khan, Maseer; Khanna, Tripti; Khazaie, Habibolah; Shadmani, Fatemeh Khosravi; Khundkar, Roba; Kiirithio, Daniel N; Kim, Young-Eun; Kim, Daniel; Kim, Yun Jin; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Komaki, Hamidreza; M Kondlahalli, Shivakumar K; Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich; Koyanagi, Ai; G Kraemer, Moritz U; Krishan, Kewal; Bicer, Burcu Kucuk; Kugbey, Nuworza; Kumar, Vivek; Kumar, Nithin; Kumar, G Anil; Kumar, Manasi; Kumaresh, Girikumar; Kurmi, Om P; Kuti, Oluwatosin; Vecchia, Carlo La; Lami, Faris Hasan; Lamichhane, Prabhat; Lang, Justin J; Lansingh, Van C; Laryea, Dennis Odai; Lasrado, Savita; Latifi, Arman; Lauriola, Paolo; Leasher, Janet L; Huey Lee, Shaun Wen; Lenjebo, Tsegaye Lolaso; Levi, Miriam; Li, Shanshan; Linn, Shai; Liu, Xuefeng; Lopez, Alan D; Lotufo, Paulo A; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Lyons, Ronan A; Madadin, Mohammed; El Razek, Muhammed Magdy Abd; Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur; Majdan, Marek; Majeed, Azeem; Malagon-Rojas, Jeadran N; Maled, Venkatesh; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Manafi, Navid; Manafi, Amir; Manda, Ana-Laura; Manjunatha, Narayana; Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz; Mansouri, Borhan; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Maravilla, Joemer C; March, Lyn M; Mason-Jones, Amanda J; Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra; Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard; Maulik, Pallab K; Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael; Melese, Addisu; Melketsedik, Zeleke Aschalew; N Memiah, Peter T; Mendoza, Walter; Menezes, Ritesh G; Mengesha, Meresa Berwo; Mengesha, Melkamu Merid; Meretoja, Tuomo J; Meretoja, Atte; Merie, Hayimro Edemealem; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Miazgowski, Bartosz; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Miller, Ted R; Mini, G K; Mirica, Andreea; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M; Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi; Mithra, Prasanna; Moazen, Babak; Moghadaszadeh, Masoud; Mohamadi, Efat; Mohammad, Yousef; Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin; Darwesh, Aso Mohammad; Gholi Mezerji, Naser Mohammad; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah; Mohammadoo-Khorasani, Milad; Mohammadpourhodki, Reza; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mohammed, Jemal Abdu; Mohebi, Farnam; Molokhia, Mariam; Monasta, Lorenzo; Moodley, Yoshan; Moosazadeh, Mahmood; Moradi, Masoud; Moradi, Ghobad; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Moradpour, Farhad; Morawska, Lidia; Velásquez, Ilais Moreno; Morisaki, Naho; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Mossie, Tilahun Belete; Muluneh, Atalay Goshu; Murthy, Srinivas; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Mustafa, Ghulam; Nabhan, Ashraf F; Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman; Naik, Gurudatta; Naimzada, Mukhammad David; Najafi, Farid; Nangia, Vinay; Nascimento, Bruno Ramos; Naserbakht, Morteza; Nayak, Vinod; Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith; Negoi, Ionut; Ngunjiri, Josephine W; Nguyen, Cuong Tat; Thi Nguyen, Huong Lan; Nikbakhsh, Rajan; Anggraini Ningrum, Dina Nur; Nnaji, Chukwudi A; Nyasulu, Peter S; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Oghenetega, Onome Bright; Oh, In-Hwan; Okunga, Emmanuel Wandera; Olagunju, Andrew T; Olagunju, Tinuke O; Bali, Ahmed Omar; Onwujekwe, Obinna E; Asante, Kwaku Oppong; Orpana, Heather M; Ota, Erika; Otstavnov, Nikita; Otstavnov, Stanislav S; A, Mahesh P; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Pakhale, Smita; Pakshir, Keyvan; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Park, Eun-Kee; Patel, Sangram Kishor; Pathak, Ashish; Pati, Sanghamitra; Patton, George C; Paulos, Kebreab; Peden, Amy E; Filipino Pepito, Veincent Christian; Pereira, Jeevan; Pham, Hai Quang; Phillips, Michael R; Pinheiro, Marina; Polibin, Roman V; Polinder, Suzanne; Poustchi, Hossein; Prakash, Swayam; Angga Pribadi, Dimas Ria; Puri, Parul; Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi; Rabiee, Mohammad; Rabiee, Navid; Radfar, Amir; Rafay, Anwar; Rafiee, Ata; Rafiei, Alireza; Rahim, Fakher; Rahimi, Siavash; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali; Rajati, Fatemeh; Rakovac, Ivo; Ranganathan, Kavitha; Rao, Sowmya J; Rashedi, Vahid; Rastogi, Prateek; Rathi, Priya; Rawaf, Salman; Rawal, Lal; Rawassizadeh, Reza; Renjith, Vishnu; N Renzaho, Andre M; Resnikoff, Serge; Rezapour, Aziz; Ribeiro, Ana Isabel; Rickard, Jennifer; Rios González, Carlos Miguel; Ronfani, Luca; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Saad, Anas M; Sabde, Yogesh Damodar; Sabour, Siamak; Saddik, Basema; Safari, Saeed; Safari-Faramani, Roya; Safarpour, Hamid; Safdarian, Mahdi; Sajadi, S Mohammad; Salamati, Payman; Salehi, Farkhonde; Zahabi, Saleh Salehi; Rashad Salem, Marwa R; Salem, Hosni; Salman, Omar; Salz, Inbal; Samy, Abdallah M; Sanabria, Juan; Riera, Lidia Sanchez; Santric Milicevic, Milena M; Sarker, Abdur Razzaque; Sarveazad, Arash; Sathian, Brijesh; Sawhney, Monika; Sawyer, Susan M; Saxena, Sonia; Sayyah, Mehdi; Schwebel, David C; Seedat, Soraya; Senthilkumaran, Subramanian; Sepanlou, Sadaf G; Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba; Sha, Feng; Shaahmadi, Faramarz; Shahabi, Saeed; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran; Shamsizadeh, Morteza; Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi; Sharifi, Hamid; Sheikh, Aziz; Shigematsu, Mika; Shin, Jae Il; Shiri, Rahman; Siabani, Soraya; Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora; Singh, Pankaj Kumar; Singh, Jasvinder A; Sinha, Dhirendra Narain; Smarandache, Catalin-Gabriel; R Smith, Emma U; Soheili, Amin; Soleymani, Bija; Soltanian, Ali Reza; Soriano, Joan B; Sorrie, Muluken Bekele; Soyiri, Ireneous N; Stein, Dan J; Stokes, Mark A; Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale; Rasul Suleria, Hafiz Ansar; Sykes, Bryan L; Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael; Tabb, Karen M; Taddele, Biruk Wogayehu; Tadesse, Degena Bahrey; Tamiru, Animut Tagele; Tarigan, Ingan Ukur; Tefera, Yonatal Mesfin; Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash; Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin; Tekulu, Gebretsadkan Hintsa; Tesema, Ayenew Kassie; Tesfay, Berhe Etsay; Thapar, Rekha; Tilahune, Asres Bedaso; Tlaye, Kenean Getaneh; Tohidinik, Hamid Reza; Topor-Madry, Roman; Tran, Bach Xuan; Tran, Khanh Bao; Tripathy, Jaya Prasad; Tsai, Alexander C; Car, Lorainne Tudor; Ullah, Saif; Ullah, Irfan; Umar, Maida; Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran; Upadhyay, Era; Uthman, Olalekan A; Valdez, Pascual R; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani; Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy; Violante, Francesco S; Vlassov, Vasily; Waheed, Yasir; Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay; Werdecker, Andrea; Wiangkham, Taweewat; Wolde, Haileab Fekadu; Woldeyes, Dawit Habte; Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu; Wondmeneh, Temesgen Gebeyehu; Wondmieneh, Adam Belay; Wu, Ai-Min; Yadav, Rajaram; Yadollahpour, Ali; Yano, Yuichiro; Yaya, Sanni; Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid; Yip, Paul; Yisma, Engida; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yoon, Seok-Jun; Youm, Yoosik; Younis, Mustafa Z; Yousefi, Zabihollah; Yu, Yong; Yu, Chuanhua; Yusefzadeh, Hasan; Moghadam, Telma Zahirian; Zaidi, Zoubida; Zaman, Sojib Bin; Zamani, Mohammad; Zamanian, Maryam; Zandian, Hamed; Zarei, Ahmad; Zare, Fatemeh; Zhang, Zhi-Jiang; Zhang, Yunquan; Zodpey, Sanjay; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Degenhardt, Louisa; Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda; Hay, Simon I; Mokdad, Ali H; Reiner, Robert C; Sartorius, Benn; Vos, Theo
BACKGROUND:Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. METHODS:We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). FINDINGS:In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). INTERPRETATION:Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.
PMID: 32332142
ISSN: 1475-5785
CID: 5831962
Process and outcome of child psychotherapies offered in Kenya: a mixed methods study protocol on improving child mental health
Wambua, Grace Nduku; Kumar, Manasi; Falkenström, Fredrik; Cuijpers, Pim
BACKGROUND:Child and adolescent mental health problems account for a significant proportion of the local and global burden of disease and is recognized as a growing public health concern in need of adequate services. Studies carried out in Kenya suggest a need for a robust service for the treatment, prevention, and promotion of child and adolescent mental health. Despite a few existing services to provide treatment and management of mental health disorders, we need more knowledge about their effectiveness in the management of these disorders. This paper describes a study protocol that aims to evaluate the process and outcomes of psychotherapies offered to children and adolescents seeking mental health services at the Kenyatta National Hospital in Kenya. METHODS:This study will use a prospective cohort approach that will follow adolescent patients (12-17 years of age) receiving mental health services in the youth clinics at the Kenyatta National Hospital for a period of 12 months. During this time a mixed methods research will be carried out, focusing on treatment outcomes, therapeutic relationship, understanding of psychotherapy, and other mental health interventions offered to the young patients. In this proposed study, we define outcome as the alleviation of symptoms, which will be assessed quantitatively using longitudinal patient data collected session-wise. Process refers to the mechanisms identified to promote change in the adolescent. For example, individual participant or clinician characteristics, therapeutic alliance will be assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively. In each session, assessments will be used to reduce problems due to attrition and to enable calculation of longitudinal change trajectories using growth curve modeling. For this study, these will be referred to as session-wise assessments. Qualitative work will include interviews with adolescent patients, their caregivers as well as feedback from the mental health care providers on existing services and their barriers to providing care. CONCLUSION:This study aims to understand the mechanisms through which change takes place beyond the context of psychotherapy. What are the moderators and through which mechanisms do they operate to improve mental health outcomes in young people?
PMCID:7251869
PMID: 32460714
ISSN: 1471-244x
CID: 5831972
Intimate Partner Violence, Poverty, and Maternal Health Care-Seeking Among Young Women in Kenya: a Cross-Sectional Analysis Informing the New Sustainable Development Goals
Burns, Paul A; Zunt, Joseph R; Hernandez, Bernardo; Wagenaar, Bradley H; Kumar, Manasi; Omolo, Danvers; Breinbauer, Cecilia
BACKGROUND:Despite considerable achievements associated with the MDGs, under-five mortality, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, remains alarmingly high. Globally, intimate partner violence (IPV) affects one in three women within their lifetime. Little is known about the relationship between IPV and maternal care-seeking in the context of high rates of under-five mortality, particularly among young women and adolescent girls in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS:Data from the Kenya Demographic Health Survey (2008-2009) were limited to a sample of women aged 15-24 years (n=1,406) with a child under-five who had experienced IPV in the last 12 months. Using multivariate logistic regression, we constructed three models: 1) base model; 2) controlling for type of residence (urban/rural); and 3) controlling for wealth status and education attainment, to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for the association between IPV and ten maternal care-seeking behaviors. RESULTS:Thirty-eight percent of the women had experienced some form of intimate partner violence in the last 12 months. Women who had experience IPV were less likely: 1) to complete a minimum of 4 antenatal visits after single IPV exposure (OR=0.61, 95% CI=0.44, 0.86 and after severe IPV (OR=0.80; 95% CI=0.44, 0.88) and 2) to deliver in health facility after severe IPV exposure (OR=0.74; 95% CI=0.54, 0.89), both adjusted for educational attainment and wealth status. Lower socio-economic status and living in a rural area were strongly associated with increased likelihood of IPV. CONCLUSIONS:Intersectional approaches that consciously focus on, and creatively address IPV may be key to the success of reducing child mortality and improving maternal health outcomes. The implementation of joint programming and development of combination interventions to effectively reduce the risk of exposure to IPV and promote maternal care-seeking behavior are needed to improve child morbidity and mortality in LMICs.
PMCID:7388825
PMID: 32728522
ISSN: 2196-8799
CID: 5831982
The reciprocal relationship between alliance and early treatment symptoms: A two-stage individual participant data meta-analysis
Flückiger, Christoph; Rubel, Julian; Del Re, A C; Horvath, Adam O; Wampold, Bruce E; Crits-Christoph, Paul; Atzil-Slonim, Dana; Compare, Angelo; Falkenström, Fredrik; Ekeblad, Annika; Errázuriz, Paula; Fisher, Hadar; Hoffart, Asle; Huppert, Jonathan D; Kivity, Yogev; Kumar, Manasi; Lutz, Wolfgang; Muran, John Christopher; Strunk, Daniel R; Tasca, Giorgio A; Vîslă, Andreea; Voderholzer, Ulrich; Webb, Christian A; Xu, Hui; Zilcha-Mano, Sigal; Barber, Jacques P
OBJECTIVE:Even though the early alliance has been shown to robustly predict posttreatment outcomes, the question whether alliance leads to symptom reduction or symptom reduction leads to a better alliance remains unresolved. To better understand the relation between alliance and symptoms early in therapy, we meta-analyzed the lagged session-by-session within-patient effects of alliance and symptoms from Sessions 1 to 7. METHOD/METHODS:We applied a 2-stage individual participant data meta-analytic approach. Based on the data sets of 17 primary studies from 9 countries that comprised 5,350 participants, we first calculated standardized session-by-session within-patient coefficients. Second, we meta-analyzed these coefficients by using random-effects models to calculate omnibus effects across the studies. RESULTS:In line with previous meta-analyses, we found that early alliance predicted posttreatment outcome. We identified significant reciprocal within-patient effects between alliance and symptoms within the first 7 sessions. Cross-level interactions indicated that higher alliances and lower symptoms positively impacted the relation between alliance and symptoms in the subsequent session. CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:The findings provide empirical evidence that in the early phase of therapy, symptoms and alliance were reciprocally related to one other, often resulting in a positive upward spiral of higher alliance/lower symptoms that predicted higher alliances/lower symptoms in the subsequent sessions. Two-stage individual participant data meta-analyses have the potential to move the field forward by generating and interlinking well-replicable process-based knowledge. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
PMID: 32757587
ISSN: 1939-2117
CID: 5831992
Positive and Healthy Living Program Manual Development for Young People Living With HIV at the Comprehensive Care Center at the Kenyatta National Hospital: An Open Pilot Implementation Trial
Machuka, Judy; Wambua, Grace Nduku; Musindo, Otsetswe; Bukusi, David; Okech, Violet; Muiruri, Peter; Maina, Rachel; Opiyo, Nelly; Ng'ang'a, Pauline; Kumar, Manasi
PMCID:7705346
PMID: 33281632
ISSN: 1664-0640
CID: 5832002
Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17
Wiens, Kirsten E; Lindstedt, Paulina A; Blacker, Brigette F; Johnson, Kimberly B; Baumann, Mathew M; Schaeffer, Lauren E; Abbastabar, Hedayat Sr; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abdelalim, Ahmed; Abdollahpour, Ibrahim; Abegaz, Kedir Hussein; Abejie, Ayenew Negesse; Abreu, Lucas Guimarães; Abrigo, Michael R M; Abualhasan, Ahmed; Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou; Acharya, Dilaram; Adabi, Maryam; Adamu, Abdu A; Adebayo, Oladimeji M; Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji Sr; Adekanmbi, Victor; Adetokunboh, Olatunji O Sr; Adhena, Beyene Meressa; Afarideh, Mohsen; Ahmad, Sohail; Ahmadi, Keivan; Ahmed, Anwar E; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Ahmed, Rushdia; Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie; Alahdab, Fares; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Alam, Noore Sr; Alam, Samiah; Alamene, Genet Melak; Alanzi, Turki M; Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth; Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir; Alijanzadeh, Mehran; Alipour, Vahid; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Almasi, Ali Sr; Almasi-Hashiani, Amir; Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M; Altirkawi, Khalid A; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J; Amini, Saeed Sr; Amit, Arianna Maever L Sr; Andrei, Catalina Liliana Sr; Anjomshoa, Mina; Anoushiravani, Amir Sr; Ansari, Fereshteh; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T; Antony, Benny; Antriyandarti, Ernoiz; Arabloo, Jalal; Aref, Hany Mohamed Amin Sr; Aremu, Olatunde; Armoon, Bahram; Arora, Amit Sr; Aryal, Krishna K; Arzani, Afsaneh; Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran; Atalay, Hagos Tasew; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Sr; Athari, Seyyede Masoume; Atre, Sachin R; Ausloos, Marcel; Awoke, Nefsu; Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina; Ayano, Getinet; Ayanore, Martin Amogre Sr; Aynalem Iv, Yared Asmare; Azari, Samad; Azzopardi, Peter S; Babaee, Ebrahim; Babalola, Tesleem Kayode; Badawi, Alaa Sr; Bairwa, Mohan; Bakkannavar, Shankar M; Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar; Bali, Ayele Geleto; Banach, Maciej Sr; Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar Sr; Barac, Aleksandra; Bärnighausen, Till Winfried; Basaleem, Huda; Basu, Sanjay; Bay, Vo Dinh; Bayati, Mohsen; Baye, Estifanos; Bedi, Neeraj; Beheshti, Mahya Mahya Beheshti; Behzadifar, Masoud; Behzadifar, Meysam; Bekele, Bayu Begashaw; Belayneh, Yaschilal Muche; Bell, Michellr L Sr; Bennett, Derrick A Sr; Berbada, Dessalegn Ajema; Bernstein, Robert S; Bhat, Anusha Ganapati Sr; Bhattacharyya, Krittika Sr; Bhattarai, Suraj; Bhaumik, Soumyadeep; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Bijani, Ali; Bikbov, Boris; Birihane Iv, Binyam Minuye; Biswas, Raaj Kishore; Bohlouli, Somayeh; Bojia I, Hunduma Amensisa Amensisa; Boufous, Soufiane; Brady, Oliver J; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi; Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich; Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich; Britton, Gabrielle B; Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath Sr; Busse, Reinhard Sr; Butt, Zahid A; Cámera, Luis LA Alberto Sr; Campos-Nonato, Ismael R Sr; Cano, Jorge; Car, Josip; Cárdenas, Rosario; Carvalho, Felix Sr; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A Sr; Castro, Franz; Chanie, Wagaye Fentahun Sr; Chatterjee, Pranab; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chichiabellu, Tesfaye Yitna Yitna Jr; Chin, Ken Lee Sr; Christopher, Devasahayam J; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Cormier, Natalie Maria; Costa, Vera Marisa; Culquichicon, Carlos; Daba, Matiwos Soboka; Damiani, Giovanni Sr; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Dang, Anh Kim; Darwesh, Aso Mohammad; Darwish, Amira Hamed; Daryani, Ahmad Sr; Das, Jai K; Das Gupta, Rajat; Dash, Aditya Prasad; Davey, Gail; Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto; Davis, Adrian C Sr; Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil; De la Hoz, Fernando Pio; Demis, Asmamaw Bizuneh; Demissie, Dereje Bayissa; Demissie, Getu Debalkie; Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam Sr; Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Sr; Deribe, Kebede Sr; Desalew, Assefa; Deshpande, Aniruddha; Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda; Dhillon, Preeti; Dhimal, Meghnath; Dhungana, Govinda Prasad; Diaz, Daniel Sr; Dipeolu, Isaac Oluwafemi; Djalalinia, Shirin; Doyle, Kerrie E; Dubljanin, Eleonora; Duko, Bereket; Duraes, Andre Rodrigues; Ebrahimi Kalan, Mohammad; Edinur, Hisham Atan Sr; Effiong, Andem Sr; Eftekhari, Aziz; El Nahas, Nevine; El Sayed, Iman; El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa; El Tantawi, Maha; Elema I, Teshome Bekele; Elhabashy, Hala Rashad Sr; El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I; Elkout, Hajer; Elsharkawy, Aisha; Elyazar, Iqbal Rf; Endalamaw, Aklilu; Endalew, Daniel Adane Sr; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Esteghamati, Alireza; Esteghamati, Sadaf Sr; Etemadi, Arash; Ezekannagha, Oluchi; Fareed, Mohammad; Faridnia, Roghiyeh; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fazlzadeh, Mehdi; Feigin, Valery L Sr; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Fernandes, Eduarda; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; Foigt, Nataliya A; Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Sr; Foroutan, Masoud; Franklin, Richard Charles; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Gad, Mohamed M; Gayesa, Reta Tsegaye; Gebre, Teshome Sr; Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork; Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Sr; Gesesew, Hailay Abrha; Gezae, Kebede Embaye; Ghadiri, Keyghobad Sr; Ghashghaee, Ahmad; Ghimire, Pramesh Raj Sr; Gill, Paramjit Singh Sr; Gill, Tiffany K; Ginindza, Themba G G; Gomes, Nelson G M; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Goulart, Alessandra C; Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia; Grada, Ayman; Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen; Gugnani, Harish Chander Sr; Guido, Davide; Guimarães, Rafael Alves; Guo, Yuming Sr; Gupta, Rajeev; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Haile, Dessalegn H Sr; Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Haj-Mirzaian, Arya; Hamadeh, Randah R; Hamidi, Samer; Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes; Haririan, Hamidreza Sr; Hariyani, Ninuk; Hasaballah, Ahmed I; Hasan, Md Mehedi; Hasanpoor, Edris; Hasanzadeh, Amir; Hassankhani, Hadi; Hassen, Hamid Yimam; Hegazy, Mohamed I; Heibati, Behzad; Heidari, Behnam; Hendrie, Delia Sr; Henry, Nathaniel J; Herteliu, Claudiu; Heydarpour, Fatemeh; Hidru I, Hagos Degefa de; Hird, Thomas R; Hoang, Chi Linh; Homaie Rad, Enayatollah; Hoogar, Praveen; Hoseini, Mohammad; Hossain, Naznin; Hosseini, Mostafa; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Househ, Mowafa; Hsairi, Mohamed Sr; Hu, Guoqing; Hussen, Mohammedaman Mama; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Igumbor, Ehimario U Sr; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Milena D; Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan; Iqbal, Usman; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Iwu, Chinwe Juliana; Izadi, Neda Sr; Jaca, Anelisa; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jalali, Amir; Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jha, Vivekanand; Ji, John S Sr; Jonas, Jost B; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Kabir, Ali; Kabir, Zubair Sr; Kahsay, Amaha; Kalani, Hamed; Kanchan, Tanuj; Karami Matin, Behzad; Karch, André; Karim, Mohd Anisul; Karimi-Sari, Hamidreza; Karki, Surendra; Kasaeian, Amir; Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie; Kasahun, Yawukal Chane; Kasaye, Habtamu Kebebe; Kassa, Gebrehiwot G; Kassa, Getachew Mullu; Kayode, Gbenga A; Kazemi Karyani, Ali; Kebede, Mihiretu M; Keiyoro, Peter Njenga; Kelbore, Abraham Getachew Sr; Kengne, Andre Pascal Sr; Ketema, Daniel Bekele; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif; Khalid, Nauman; Khalilov, Rovshan; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Sr; Khan, Junaid; Khan I, Md Nuruzzaman; Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb; Khatab, Khaled Sr; Khater, Amir M; Khater, Mona M; Khayamzadeh, Maryam; Khazaei, Mohammad; Khazaei, Salman; Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kiadaliri, Ali; Kim, Yun Jin; Kimokoti, Ruth W; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Kissoon, Niranjan Sr; KMShivakumar, Shivakumar Km Marulasiddaiah M Sr; Kochhar, Sonali; Kolola, Tufa Sr; Komaki, Hamidreza; Kosen, Soewarta; Koul, Parvaiz A; Koyanagi, Ai; Kraemer, Moritz U G; Krishan, Kewal; Kugbey, Nuworza; Kumar, G Anil; Kumar, Manasi Sr; Kumar, Pushpendra; Kumar, Vivek; Kusuma, Dian; La Vecchia, Carlo; Lacey, Ben; Lad, Sheetal D; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Lam, Felix; Lami, Faris Hasan Sr; Lamichhane, Prabhat; Lansingh, Van Charles; Lasrado, Savita; Laxmaiah, Avula; Lee, Paul H Sr; LeGrand, Kate E; Leili, Mostafa; Lenjebo, Tsegaye Lolaso; Leshargie, Cheru Tesema Sr; Levine, Aubrey J; Li, Shanshan Sr; Linn, Shai; Liu, Shiwei; Liu, Simin; Lodha, Rakesh; Longbottom, Joshua; Lopez, Jaifred Christian F; Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan; Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed; Mahadeshwara Prasad, D R; Mahasha, Phetole Walter Sr; Mahotra, Narayan B; Majeed, Azeem; Malekzadeh, Reza Sr; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Mamun, Abdullah A Sr; Manafi, Navid Sr; Manda, Ana Laura; Manohar, Narendar Dawani Dawanu; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Mapoma, Chabila Christopher; Maravilla, Joemer C; Martinez, Gabriel Sr; Martini, Santi; Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio; Masaka, Anthony; Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard; Mathur, Manu Raj; Mayala, Benjamin K; Mazidi, Mohsen; McAlinden, Colm; Meharie, Birhanu Geta; Mehndiratta, Man Mohan Sr; Mehta, Kala M; Mekonnen, Tefera C Chane; Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael; Memiah, Peter T N; Memish, Ziad A Sr; Mendoza, Walter; Menezes, Ritesh G; Mereta, Seid Tiku; Meretoja, Tuomo J Sr; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Miazgowski, Bartosz; Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu Sr; Miller, Ted R; Mini, G K; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M; Moazen, Babak; Mohajer, Bahram; Mohamadi-Bolbanabad, Amjad; Mohammad, Dara K; Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin; Mohammad, Yousef; Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser; Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh; Mohammadifard, Noushin; Mohammed, Jemal Abdu Sr; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mohebi, Farnam; Mokdad, Ali H; Molokhia, Mariam; Monasta, Lorenzo; Moodley, Yoshan Sr; Moore, Catrin E Sr; Moradi, Ghobad; Moradi, Masoud; Moradi-Joo, Mohammad; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Moraga, Paula; Morales, Linda; Moreno Velásquez, Ilais; Mosapour, Abbas; Mouodi, Simin; Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam; Mozaffor I, Miliva; Muchie, Kindie Fentahun Sr; Mulaw, Getahun Fentaw Sr; Munro, Sandra B; Muriithi, Moses K; Murray, Christopher J L; Murthy, Gvs; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Mustafa, Ghulam Sr; Muthupandian, Saravanan Sr; Nabhan, Ashraf F; Naderi, Mehdi; Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman; Naidoo, Kovin S; Naik, Gurudatta; Najafi, Farid; Nangia, Vinay Sr; Nansseu, Jobert Richie; Nascimento, Bruno Ramos Sr; Nazari, Javad; Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith Sr; Negoi, Ionut Sr; Netsere, Henok Biresaw Netsere Sr; Ngunjiri, Josephine W Sr; Nguyen, Cuong Tat; Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi; Nguyen, Trang Huyen; Nigatu, Dabere; Nigatu, Solomon Gedlu; Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini; Nnaji, Chukwudi A; Nojomi, Marzieh; Nong, Vuong Minh; Norheim, Ole F Sr; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Nouraei Motlagh, Soraya; Oancea, Bogdan; Ogah, Okechukwu Samuel; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Oh, In-Hwan; Olagunju, Andrew T; Olagunju, Tinuke O; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun; Onwujekwe, Obinna E Sr; Oren, Eyal; Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V V Sr; Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo; Osei, Frank B Sr; Owolabi, Mayowa O; P A, Mahesh Sr; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Pakhale, Smita; Patel, Sangram Kishor; Paternina-Caicedo, Angel J Sr; Pathak, Ashish Sr; Patton, George C; Paudel, Deepak Sr; Paulos, Kebreab Sr; Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino; Pereira, Alexandre; Perico, Norberto; Pervaiz, Aslam; Pescarini, Julia Moreira; Piroozi, Bakhtiar; Pirsaheb, Meghdad; Postma, Maarten J; Pourjafar, Hadi; Pourmalek, Farshad Sr; Pourshams, Akram; Poustchi, Hossein; Prada, Sergio I Sr; Prasad, Narayan; Preotescu, Liliana; Quintana, Hedley; Rabiee, Navid; Radfar, Amir; Rafiei, Alireza; Rahim, Fakher; Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rahman, Shafiur; Rajati, Fatemeh Sr; Rana, Saleem Muhammad Sr; Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal; Rasella, Davide; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawaf, Salman Sr; Rawal, Lal; Rawasia, Wasiq Faraz; Renjith, Vishnu; Renzaho, Andre M N Sr; Resnikoff, Serge Sr; Reta, Melese Abate; Rezaei, Negar; Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh; Riahi, Seyed Mohammad; Ribeiro, Ana Isabel; Rickard, Jennifer Sr; Rios-Blancas, Maria; Roever, Leonardo; Ronfani, Luca; Roro, Elias Merdassa Sr; Ross, Jennifer M; Rubagotti, Enrico; Rubino, Salvatore; Saad, Anas M; Sabde, Yogesh Damodar; Sabour, Siamak; Sadeghi, Ehsan Sr; Safari, Yahya; Safari-Faramani, Roya; Sagar, Rajesh; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali; Sajadi, S Mohammad; Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza; Salam, Nasir Sr; Salamati, Payman; Salem, Hosni; Salem I, Marwa R Rashad; Salimi, Yahya; Salimzadeh, Hamideh; Samy, Abdallah M; Sanabria, Juan Sr; Santric-Milicevic, Milena M; Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi; Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer; Sarkar, Kaushik Sr; Sarker, Abdur Razzaque; Sarrafzadegan I, Nizal; Sartorius, Benn; Sathian, Brijesh; Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu; Sawhney, Monika; Saxena, Sonia Sr; Schwebel, David C Sr; Senbeta Iv, Anbissa Muleta; Senthilkumaran, Subramanian; Sepanlou, Sadaf G; Serván-Mori, Edson Sr; Shabaninejad, Hosein; Shafieesabet, Azadeh Sr; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shalash, Ali S Sr; Shallo, Seifadin Ahmed; Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran; Shamsi, MohammadBagher; Shamsizadeh, Morteza; Shannawaz, Mohammed; Sharafi, Kiomars; Sharifi, Hamid; Shehata, Hatem Samir Sr; Sheikh, Aziz; Shetty, B Suresh Kumar Sr; Shibuya, Kenji Sr; Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Sr; Shifti, Desalegn Markos; Shigematsu, Mika; Shin, Jae Il; Shiri, Rahman Sr; Shirkoohi, Reza; Siabani, Soraya; Siddiqi, Tariq Jamal; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Singh, Ambrish; Singh, Jasvinder A; Singh, Narinder Pal; Singh, Virendra; Sisay, Malede Mequanent; Skiadaresi, Eirini; Sobhiyeh, Mohammad Reza Sr; Sokhan, Anton; Soltani, Shahin; Somayaji, Ranjani; Soofi, Moslem; Sorrie, Muluken Bekele Sr; Soyiri, Ireneous N; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T; Sudaryanto, Agus; Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sr; Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul; Sultana, Marufa; Sunguya, Bruno Fokas; Sykes, Bryan L; Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael; Tabuchi, Takahiro; Tadesse, Degena Bahrey Jr; Tarigan, Ingan Ukur; Tasew, Aberash Abay; Tefera, Yonatal Mesfin Sr; Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Tesfay I, Berhe Etsay; Tesfay, Fisaha Haile Haile; Tessema, Belay; Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse; Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman; Thomas, Nihal; Toma, Alemayehu Toma Sr; Topor-Madry, Roman; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto; Traini, Eugenio; Tran, Bach Xuan; Tran, Khanh Bao; Ullah, Irfan; Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran; Usman, Muhammad Shariq Sr; Uzochukwu, Benjamin S Chudi Sr; Valdez, Pascual R; Varughese, Santosh Sr; Violante, Francesco S Sr; Vollmer, Sebastian Sr; W/Hawariat, Feleke Gebremeskel Sr; Waheed, Yasir; Wallin, Mitchell Taylor; Wang, Yafeng; Wang, Yuan-Pang; Weaver, Marcia; Weji, Bedilu Girma; Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay; Welgan, Catherine A; Werdecker, Andrea; Westerman, Ronny Sr; Wiangkham, Taweewat; Wiysonge, Charles Shey Sr; Wolde, Haileab Fekadu Sr; Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu; Wonde, Tewodros Eshete Sr; Worku, Getasew Taddesse Sr; Wu, Ai-Min; Xu, Gelin; Yadollahpour, Ali; Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein; Yamada, Tomohide Sr; Yatsuya, Hiroshi; Yeshaneh, Alex; Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo; Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu; Yip, Paul Sr; Yisma, Engida; Yonemoto, Naohiro Sr; Yoon, Seok-Jun; Younis, Mustafa Z; Yousefifard, Mahmoud; Yousof, Hebat-Allah Salah A; Yu, Chuanhua; Yusefzadeh, Hasan; Zadey, Siddhesh; Zaidi, Zoubida; Zaman, Sojib Bin; Zamani, Mohammad; Zandian, Hamed; Zepro, Nejimu Biza; Zerfu, Taddese Alemu; Zhang, Yunquan; Zhao, Xiu-Ju George; Ziapour, Arash; Zodpey, Sanjay Sr; Zuniga, Yves Miel H; Hay, Simon I; Reiner, Robert C Jr; IR - Reiner RC Jr
BACKGROUND:Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea that has the potential to drastically reduce child mortality; yet, according to UNICEF estimates, less than half of children younger than 5 years with diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) received ORS in 2016. A variety of recommended home fluids (RHF) exist as alternative forms of ORT; however, it is unclear whether RHF prevent child mortality. Previous studies have shown considerable variation between countries in ORS and RHF use, but subnational variation is unknown. This study aims to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of relative and absolute coverage of ORS, RHF, and ORT (use of either ORS or RHF) in LMICs. METHODS:We used a Bayesian geostatistical model including 15 spatial covariates and data from 385 household surveys across 94 LMICs to estimate annual proportions of children younger than 5 years of age with diarrhoea who received ORS or RHF (or both) on continuous continent-wide surfaces in 2000-17, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. Additionally, we analysed geographical inequality in coverage across administrative units and estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths averted by increased coverage over the study period. Uncertainty in the mean coverage estimates was calculated by taking 250 draws from the posterior joint distribution of the model and creating uncertainty intervals (UIs) with the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of those 250 draws. FINDINGS:While ORS use among children with diarrhoea increased in some countries from 2000 to 2017, coverage remained below 50% in the majority (62·6%; 12 417 of 19 823) of second administrative-level units and an estimated 6 519 000 children (95% UI 5 254 000-7 733 000) with diarrhoea were not treated with any form of ORT in 2017. Increases in ORS use corresponded with declines in RHF in many locations, resulting in relatively constant overall ORT coverage from 2000 to 2017. Although ORS was uniformly distributed subnationally in some countries, within-country geographical inequalities persisted in others; 11 countries had at least a 50% difference in one of their units compared with the country mean. Increases in ORS use over time were correlated with declines in RHF use and in diarrhoeal mortality in many locations, and an estimated 52 230 diarrhoeal deaths (36 910-68 860) were averted by scaling up of ORS coverage between 2000 and 2017. Finally, we identified key subnational areas in Colombia, Nigeria, and Sudan as examples of where diarrhoeal mortality remains higher than average, while ORS coverage remains lower than average. INTERPRETATION:To our knowledge, this study is the first to produce and map subnational estimates of ORS, RHF, and ORT coverage and attributable child diarrhoeal deaths across LMICs from 2000 to 2017, allowing for tracking progress over time. Our novel results, combined with detailed subnational estimates of diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality, can support subnational needs assessments aimed at furthering policy makers' understanding of within-country disparities. Over 50 years after the discovery that led to this simple, cheap, and life-saving therapy, large gains in reducing mortality could still be made by reducing geographical inequalities in ORS coverage. FUNDING:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
PMCID:7388204
PMID: 32710861
ISSN: 2214-109x
CID: 4851412
Mental Distress and Human Rights Violations During COVID-19: A Rapid Review of the Evidence Informing Rights, Mental Health Needs, and Public Policy Around Vulnerable Populations
Rahman, Muhammad; Ahmed, Rabab; Moitra, Modhurima; Damschroder, Laura; Brownson, Ross; Chorpita, Bruce; Idele, Priscilla; Gohar, Fatima; Huang, Keng Yen; Saxena, Shekhar; Lai, Joanna; Peterson, Stefan Swartling; Harper, Gary; McKay, Mary; Amugune, Beatrice; Esho, Tammary; Ronen, Keshet; Othieno, Caleb; Kumar, Manasi
Background: COVID-19 prevention and mitigation efforts were abrupt and challenging for most countries with the protracted lockdown straining socioeconomic activities. Marginalized groups and individuals are particularly vulnerable to adverse effects of the pandemic such as human rights abuses and violations which can lead to psychological distress. In this review, we focus on mental distress and disturbances that have emanated due to human rights restrictions and violations amidst the pandemic. We underscore how mental health is both directly impacted by the force of pandemic and by prevention and mitigation structures put in place to combat the disease. Methods: We conducted a review of relevant studies examining human rights violations in COVID-19 response, with a focus on vulnerable populations, and its association with mental health and psychological well-being. We searched PubMed and Embase databases for studies between December 2019 to July 2020. Three reviewers evaluated the eligibility criteria and extracted data. Results: Twenty-four studies were included in the systematic inquiry reporting on distress due to human rights violations. Unanimously, the studies found vulnerable populations to be at a high risk for mental distress. Limited mobility rights disproportionately harmed psychiatric patients, low-income individuals, and minorities who were at higher risk for self-harm and worsening mental health. Healthcare workers suffered negative mental health consequences due to stigma and lack of personal protective equipment and stigma. Other vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and refugees also experienced negative consequences. Conclusions: This review emphasizes the need to uphold human rights and address long term mental health needs of populations that have suffered disproportionately during the pandemic. Countries can embed a proactive psychosocial response to medical management as well as in existing prevention strategies. International human rights guidelines are useful in this direction but an emphasis should be placed on strengthening rights informed psychosocial response with specific strategies to enhance mental health in the long-term. We underscore that various fundamental human rights are interdependent and therefore undermining one leads to a poor impact on the others. We strongly recommend global efforts toward focusing both on minimizing fatalities, protecting human rights, and promoting long term mental well-being.
PMCID:7820171
PMID: 33488426
ISSN: 1664-0640
CID: 4775182
Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Wang, Haidong; Abbas, Kaja M.; Abbasifard, Mitra; Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abdelalim, Ahmed; Abolhassani, Hassan; Abreu, Lucas Guimaraes; Abrigo, Michael R. M.; Abushouk, Abdelrahman I.; Adabi, Maryam; Adair, Tim; Adebayo, Oladimeji M.; Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi; Adekanmbi, Victor; Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood; Adetokunboh, Olatunji O.; Advani, Shailesh M.; Afshin, Ashkan; Aghaali, Mohammad; Agrawal, Anurag; Ahmadi, Keivan; Ahmadieh, Hamid; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Alam, Khurshid; Alam, Tahiya; Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour; Alanzi, Turki M.; Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth; Ali, Muhammad; Alicandro, Gianfranco; Alijanzadeh, Mehran; Alinia, Cyrus; Alipour, Vahid; Alizade, Hesam; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Allebeck, Peter; Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad; Almasi-Hashiani, Amir; Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M.; Altirkawi, Khalid A.; Alumran, Arwa Khalid; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amini-Rarani, Mostafa; Aminorroaya, Arya; Amit, Arianna Maever L.; Ancuceanu, Robert; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Androudi, Sofia; Angus, Colin; Anjomshoa, Mina; Ansari, Fereshteh; Ansari, Iman; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.; Antony, Catherine M.; Anvari, Davood; Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw; Arabloo, Jalal; Arab-Zozani, Morteza; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y.; Aremu, Olatunde; Arnlov, Johan; Aryal, Krishna K.; Asadi-Pooya, Ali A.; Asgari, Samaneh; Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asghari; Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan; Ausloos, Marcel; Avila-Burgos, Leticia; Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur; Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala; Ayano, Getinet; Ayanore, Martin Amogre; Azarian, Ghasem; Babaee, Ebrahim; Badiye, Ashish D.; Bagli, Eleni; Bahrami, Mohammad Amin; Bakhtiari, Ahad; Balassyano, Shelly; Banach, Maciej; Banik, Palash Chandra; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn; Barnighausen, Till Winfried; Barzegar, Akbar; Basu, Sanjay; Baune, Bernhard T.; Bayati, Mohsen; Bazmandegan, Gholamreza; Bedi, Neeraj; Bell, Michellr L.; Bennett, Derrick A.; Bensenor, Isabela M.; Berhe, Kidanemaryam; Berman, Adam E.; Bertolacci, Gregory J.; Bhageerathy, Reshmi; Bhala, Neeraj; Bhattacharyya, Krittika; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Bijani, Ali; Biondi, Antonio; Bisanzio, Donal; Bisignano, Catherine; Biswas, Raaj Kishore; Bjrge, Tone; Bohlouli, Somayeh; Bohluli, Mehdi; Bolla, Srinivasa Rao Rao; Borzi, Antonio Maria; Borzouei, Shiva; Brady, Oliver J.; Braithwaite, Dejana; Brauer, Michael; Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich; Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich; Bumgarner, Blair R.; Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina; Butt, Zahid A.; dos Santos, Florentino Luciano Caetano; Cai, Tianji; Callender, Charlton S. K. H.; Camera, Luis L. A. Alberto; Campos-Nonato, Ismael R.; Cardenas, Rosario; Carreras, Giulia; Carrero, Juan J.; Carvalho, Felix; Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio; Castelpietra, Giulio; Castro, Franz; Catala-Lopez, Ferran; Cederroth, Christopher R.; Cerin, Ester; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chin, Ken Lee; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Ciobanu, Liliana G.; Cirillo, Massimo; Comfort, Haley; Costa, Vera Marisa; Cowden, Richard G.; Cromwell, Elizabeth A.; Croneberger, Andrew J.; Cunningham, Matthew; Dahlawi, Saad M. A.; Damiani, Giovanni; D\Amico, Emanuele; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Dargan, Paul I.; Darwesh, Aso Mohammad; Daryani, Ahmad; Das Gupta, Rajat; das Neves, Jose; Davletov, Kairat; De Leo, Diego; Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar; Deribe, Kebede; Dervenis, Nikolaos; Desai, Rupak; Dhungana, Govinda Prasad; da Silva, Diana Dias; Diaz, Daniel; Dippenaar, Ilse N.; Djalalinia, Shirin; Do, Hoa Thi; Dokova, Klara; Doku, David Teye; Dorostkar, Fariba; Doshi, Chirag P.; Doshmangir, Leila; Doyle, Kerrie E.; Dubljanin, Eleonora; Duraes, Andre Rodrigues; Edvardsson, David; Effiong, Andem; El Sayed, Iman; El Tantawi, Maha; Elbarazi, Iffat; El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I.; Emamian, Mohammad Hassan; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz; Estep, Kara; Farahmand, Mohammad; Faraj, Anwar; Fareed, Mohammad; Faridnia, Roghiyeh; Faro, Andre; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fattahi, Nazir; Fazaeli, Ali Akbar; Fazlzadeh, Mehdi; Feigin, Valery L.; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Fernandes, Eduarda; Ferreira, Manuela L.; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; Flohr, Carsten; Foigt, Nataliya A.; Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich; Freitas, Marisa; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Fuller, John E.; Furtado, Joao M.; Gad, Mohamed M.; Gakidou, Emmanuela; Gallus, Silvano; Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen; Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork; Gething, Peter W.; Ghamari, Farhad; Ghashghaee, Ahmad; Gholamian, Asadollah; Gilani, Syed Amir; Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan; Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna; Gnedovskaya, Elena V.; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Goulart, Alessandra C.; Gugnani, Harish Chander; Guo, Yuming; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Subodh Sharan; Haagsma, Juanita A.; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Haj-Mirzaian, Arya; Halvaei, Iman; Hamadeh, Randah R.; Abdullah, Kanaan Hamagharib; Han, Chieh; Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes; Hankey, Graeme J.; Haririan, Hamidreza; Haro, Josep Maria; Hasaballah, Ahmed I.; Hassanipour, Soheil; Hassankhani, Hadi; Hay, Simon I.; Heibati, Behzad; Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza; Henny, Kiana; Henry, Nathaniel J.; Herteliu, Claudiu; Heydarpour, Fatemeh; Hole, Michael K.; Hoogar, Praveen; Hosgood, H. Dean; Hossain, Naznin; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hostiuc, Sorin; Househ, Mowafa; Hoy, Damian G.; Hu, Guoqing; Huda, Tanvir M.; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Ikuta, Kevin S.; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Irena M.; Ilic, Milena D.; Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan; Islam, MdMohaimenul; Iso, Hiroyasu; Iwu, Chinwe Juliana; Jaafari, Jalil; Jacobsen, Kathryn H.; Jahagirdar, Deepa; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jalali, Amir; Jalilian, Farzad; James, Spencer L.; Janjani, Hosna; Jenabi, Ensiyeh; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jha, Vivekanand; Ji, John S.; Jonas, Jost B.; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Jurisson, Mikk; Kabir, Zubair; Kalani, Hamed; Kalankesh, Leila R.; Kamiab, Zahra; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kapoor, Neeti; Karch, Andre; Karimi, Salah Eddin; Karimi, Seyed Asaad; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Kawakami, Norito; Kayode, Gbenga A.; Keiyoro, Peter Njenga; Keller, Cathleen; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khalid, Nauman; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khan, Maseer; Khang, Young-Ho; Khater, Amir M.; Khater, Mona M.; Khazaei, Salman; Khazaie, Habibolah; Khodayari, Mohammad Taghi; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kianipour, Neda; Kim, Cho-il; Kim, Young-Eun; Kim, Yun Jin; Kinfu, Yohannes; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna; Kivimaki, Mika; Komaki, Hamidreza; Kopec, Jacek A.; Kosen, Soewarta; Koul, Parvaiz A.; Koyanagi, Ai; Kravchenko, Michael A.; Krishan, Kewal; Krohn, Kris J.; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Kumar, G. Anil; Kumar, Manasi; Kumar, Pushpendra; Kumar, Vivek; Kusuma, Dian; Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe; La Vecchia, Carlo; Lacey, Ben; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lami, Faris Hasan; Lansky, Sonia; Larson, Samantha Leigh; Larsson, Anders O.; Lasrado, Savita; Lassi, Zohra S.; Lazarus, Jeffrey V.; Lee, Paul H.; Lee, Shaun Wen Huey; Leever, Andrew T.; LeGrand, Kate E.; Leonardi, Matilde; Li, Shanshan; Lim, Lee-Ling; Lim, Stephen S.; Linn, Shai; Lodha, Rakesh; Logroscino, Giancarlo; Lopez, Alan D.; Lopukhov, Platon D.; Lotufo, Paulo A.; Lozano, Rafael; Lu, Alton; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Madadin, Mohammed; Maddison, Emilie R.; Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy; Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy; Mahasha, Phetole Walter; Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi; Malekzadeh, Reza; Mamun, Abdullah A.; Manafi, Navid; Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz; Mansouri, Borhan; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Mapoma, Chabila Christopher; Martini, Santi; Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio; Masaka, Anthony; Mastrogiacomo, Claudia I.; Mathur, Manu Raj; May, Erin A.; McAlinden, Colm; McGrath, John J.; McKee, Martin; Mehndiratta, Man Mohan; Mehri, Fereshteh; Mehta, Kala M.; Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda; Memiah, Peter T. N.; Mendoza, Walter; Menezes, Ritesh G.; Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku; Mensah, George A.; Meretoja, Atte; Meretoja, Tuomo J.; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Michalek, Irmina Maria; Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu; Miller, Ted R.; Mills, Edward J.; Milne, George J.; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.; Mirzaei, Hamed; Mirzaei, Maryam; Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi; Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen; Moazen, Babak; Moghadaszadeh, Masoud; Mohamadi, Efat; Mohammad, Dara K.; Mohammad, Yousef; Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi; Mohammadbeigi, Abolfazl; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah; Mohammadpourhodki, Reza; Mohammed, Hussen; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mohebi, Farnam; Bandpei, Mohammad A. Mohseni; Mokari, Amin; Mokdad, Ali H.; Momen, Natalie C.; Monasta, Lorenzo; Mooney, Meghan D.; Moradi, Ghobad; Moradi, Masoud; Moradi-Joo, Mohammad; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah; Moraga, Paula; Velasquez, Ilais Moreno; Morgado-da-Costa, Joana; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Mosser, Jonathan F.; Mouodi, Simin; Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam; Khaneghah, Amin Mousavi; Mueller, Ulrich Otto; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Muthupandian, Saravanan; Nabavizadeh, Behnam; Naderi, Mehdi; Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman; Naghavi, Mohsen; Naghshtabrizi, Behshad; Naik, Gurudatta; Najafi, Farid; Nangia, Vinay; Nansseu, Jobert Richie; Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith; Negoi, Ionut; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Ngunjiri, Josephine W.; Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi; Nguyen, Trang Huyen; Nigatu, Yeshambel T.; Nikbakhsh, Rajan; Nikpoor, Amin Reza; Nixon, Molly R.; Nnaji, Chukwudi A.; Nomura, Shuhei; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Motlagh, Soraya Nouraei; Nowak, Christoph; Otoiu, Adrian; Odell, Christopher M.; Oh, In-Hwan; Oladnabi, Morteza; Olagunju, Andrew T.; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun; Bali, Ahmed Omar; Ong, Kanyin L.; Onwujekwe, Obinna E.; Ortiz, Alberto; Otstavnov, Nikita; Otstavnov, Stanislav S.; Overland, Simon; Owolabi, Mayowa O.; Mahesh, P. A.; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Pakshir, Keyvan; Palladino, Raffaele; Pana, Adrian; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Park, James; Pasupula, Deepak Kumar; Patel, Jenil R.; Patel, Sangram Kishor; Patton, George C.; Paulson, Katherine R.; Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki; Pease, Spencer A.; Peden, Amy E.; Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino; Peprah, Emmanuel K.; Pereira, Alexandre; Pereira, David M.; Perico, Norberto; Pigott, David M.; Pilgrim, Thomas; Pilz, Tessa M.; Piradov, Michael A.; Pirsaheb, Meghdad; Pokhrel, Khem Narayan; Postma, Maarten J.; Pourjafar, Hadi; Pourmalek, Farshad; Pourshams, Akram; Poznanska, Anna; Prada, Sergio I.; Prakash, Sanjay; Preotescu, Liliana; Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi; Rabiee, Mohammad; Rabiee, Navid; Radfar, Amir; Rafiei, Alireza; Raggi, Alberto; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali; Ram, Pradhum; Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal; Rao, Sowmya J.; Rasella, Davide; Rashedi, Vahid; Rastogi, Prateek; Rathi, Priya; Rawal, Lal; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Renjith, Vishnu; Renzaho, Andre M. N.; Resnikoff, Serge; Rezaei, Nima; Rezai, Mohammad sadegh; Rezapour, Aziz; Rickard, Jennifer; Roever, Leonardo; Ronfani, Luca; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Rostamian, Morteza; Rubagotti, Enrico; Rwegerera, Godfrey M.; Sabour, Siamak; Saddik, Basema; Sadeghi, Ehsan; Sadeghi, Masoumeh; Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi; Safari, Yahya; Safi, Sare; Safiri, Saeid; Sagar, Rajesh; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali; Sajadi, S. Mohammad; Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza; Salama, Joseph S.; Salamati, Payman; Salem, Marwa R. Rashad; Salimi, Yahya; Salomon, Joshua A.; Salz, Inbal; Samad, Zainab; Samy, Abdallah M.; Sanabria, Juan; Santric-Milicevic, Milena M.; Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer; Sartorius, Benn; Sarveazad, Arash; Sathian, Brijesh; Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu; Sattin, Davide; Saylan, Mete; Schaeffer, Lauren E.; Schaeffer, Lauren E.; Schiavolin, Silvia; Schwebel, David C.; Schwendicke, Falk; Sekerija, Mario; Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta; Senthilkumaran, Subramanian; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Servan-Mori, Edson; Shabani, Mahsima; Shahabi, Saeed; Shahbaz, Mohammad; Shaheen, Amira A.; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shalash, Ali S.; Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran; Shamsi, MohammadBagher; Shamsizadeh, Morteza; Shannawaz, Mohammed; Sharafi, Kiomars; Sharafi, Zeinab; Sharara, Fablina; Sharma, Rajesh; Shaw, David H.; Sheikh, Aziz; Il Shin, Jae; Shiri, Rahman; Shrime, Mark G.; Shuval, Kerem; Siabani, Soraya; Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora; Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Simonetti, Biagio; Simpson, Kyle E.; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Skiadaresi, Eirini; Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich; Soheili, Amin; Sokhan, Anton; Sorensen, Reed J. D.; Soriano, Joan B.; Sorrie, Muluken Bekele; Soyiri, Ireneous N.; Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T.; Stockfelt, Leo; Stokes, Mark A.; Stubbs, Jacob L.; Sudaryanto, Agus; Sufiyan, Mu\awiyyah Babale; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Sykes, Bryan L.; Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael; Tabb, Karen M.; Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar; Taherkhani, Amir; Tang, Muming; Taveira, Nuno; Taylor, Heather Jean; Teagle, Whitney L.; Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash; Teklehaimanot, Berhane Fseha; Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse; Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman; Thomas, Nihal; Thrift, Amanda G.; Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna; Tohidinik, Hamid Reza; Tonelli, Marcello; Topor-Madry, Roman; Topouzis, Fotis; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto; Traini, Eugenio; Tran, Bach Xuan; Travillian, Ravensara; Trias-Llimos, Sergi; Truelsen, Thomas Clement; Car, Lorainne Tudor; Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran; Upadhyay, Era; Vacante, Marco; Vakilian, Alireza; Valdez, Pascual R.; Valli, Alessandro; Vardavas, Constantine; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani; Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales; Vasseghian, Yasser; Veisani, Yousef; Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy; Vidale, Simone; Violante, Francesco S.; Vlassov, Vasily; Vollset, Stein Emil; Vos, Theo; Vujcic, Isidora S.; Vukovic, Ana; Vukovic, Rade; Waheed, Yasir; Wallin, Mitchell Taylor; Walters, Magdalene K.; Wang, Hongbo; Wang, Yuan-Pang; Watson, Stefanie; Wei, Jingkai; Weiss, Jordan; Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay; Werdecker, Andrea; Westerman, Ronny; Whiteford, Harvey A.; Wiangkham, Taweewat; Wiens, Kirsten E.; Wijeratne, Tissa; Wiysonge, Charles Shey; Wojtyniak, Bogdan; Wolfe, Charles D. A.; Wondmieneh, Adam Belay; Wool, Eve E.; Wu, Ai-Min; Wu, Junjie; Xu, Gelin; Yamada, Tomohide; Yamagishi, Kazumasa; Yano, Yuichiro; Yaya, Sanni; Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid; Yearwood, Jamal A.; Yeheyis, Tomas Y.; Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo; Yip, Paul; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yoon, Seok-Jun; Lebni, Javad Yoosefi; York, Hunter W.; Younis, Mustafa Z.; Younker, Theodore Patrick; Yousefi, Zabihollah; Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh; Yousuf, Abdilahi Yousuf; Yusefzadeh, Hasan; Moghadam, Telma Zahirian; Zakzuk, Josefina; Bin Zaman, Sojib; Zamani, Mohammad; Zamanian, Maryam; Zandian, Hamed; Zhang, Zhi-Jiang; Zheng, Peng; Zhou, Maigeng; Ziapour, Arash; Murray, Christopher J. L.
ISI:000579154000006
ISSN: 0140-6736
CID: 4703072
Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Vos, Theo; Lim, Stephen S.; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abbas, Kaja M.; Abbasi, Mohammad; Abbasifard, Mitra; Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abdelalim, Ahmed; Abdollahi, Mohammad; Abdollahpour, Ibrahim; Abolhassani, Hassan; Aboyans, Victor; Abrams, Elissa M.; Abreu, Lucas Guimaraes; Abrigo, Michael R. M.; Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal; Abushouk, Abdelrahman I.; Acebedo, Alyssa; Ackerman, Ilana N.; Adabi, Maryam; Adamu, Abdu A.; Adebayo, Oladimeji M.; Adekanmbi, Victor; Adelson, Jaimie D.; Adetokunboh, Olatunji O.; Adham, Davoud; Afshari, Mahdi; Afshin, Ashkan; Agardh, Emilie E.; Agarwal, Gina; Agesa, Kareha M.; Aghaali, Mohammad; Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem; Agrawal, Anurag; Ahmad, Tauseef; Ahmadi, Alireza; Ahmadi, Mehdi; Ahmadieh, Hamid; Ahmadpour, Ehsan; Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie; Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola; Akinyemiju, Tomi; Akombi, Blessing; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Alam, Khurshid; Alam, Noore; Alam, Samiah; Alam, Tahiya; Alanzi, Turki M.; Albertson, Samuel B.; Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth; Alema, Niguse Meles; Ali, Muhammad; Ali, Saqib; Alicandro, Gianfranco; Alijanzadeh, Mehran; Alinia, Cyrus; Alipour, Vahid; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Alla, Francois; Allebeck, Peter; Almasi-Hashiani, Amir; Alonso, Jordi; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M.; Altirkawi, Khalid A.; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J.; Amini, Saeed; Amini-Rarani, Mostafa; Aminorroaya, Arya; Amiri, Fatemeh; Amit, Arianna Maever L.; Amugsi, Dickson A.; Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera; Anderlini, Deanna; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Andrei, Tudorel; Anjomshoa, Mina; Ansari, Fereshteh; Ansari, Iman; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.; Antony, Catherine M.; Antriyandarti, Ernoiz; Anvari, Davood; Anwer, Razique; Arabloo, Jalal; Arab-Zozani, Morteza; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y.; Ariani, Filippo; Arnlov, Johan; Aryal, Krishna K.; Arzani, Afsaneh; Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran; Asadi-Pooya, Ali A.; Asghari, Babak; Ashbaugh, Charlie; Atnafu, Desta Debalkie; Atre, Sachin R.; Ausloos, Floriane; Ausloos, Marcel; Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala; Ayano, Getinet; Ayanore, Martin Amogre; Aynalem, Yared Asmare; Azari, Samad; Azarian, Ghasem; Azene, Zelalem Nigussie; Babaee, Ebrahim; Badawi, Alaa; Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba; Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein; Bakhtiari, Ahad; Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar; Balalla, Shivanthi; Balassyano, Shelly; Banach, Maciej; Banik, Palash Chandra; Bannick, Marlena S.; Bante, Agegnehu Bante; Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher; Barboza, Miguel A.; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn; Barthelemy, Celine M.; Barua, Lingkan; Barzegar, Akbar; Basu, Sanjay; Baune, Bernhard T.; Bayati, Mohsen; Bazmandegan, Gholamreza; Bedi, Neeraj; Beghi, Ettore; Bejot, Yannick; Bello, Aminu K.; Bender, Rose G.; Bennett, Derrick A.; Bennitt, Fiona B.; Bensenor, Isabela M.; Benziger, Catherine P.; Berhe, Kidanemaryam; Bernabe, Eduardo; Bertolacci, Gregory J.; Bhageerathy, Reshmi; Bhala, Neeraj; Bhandari, Dinesh; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhattacharyya, Krittika; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Bibi, Sadia; Biehl, Molly H.; Bikbov, Boris; Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat; Biondi, Antonio; Birihane, Binyam Minuye; Bisanzio, Donal; Bisignano, Catherine; Biswas, Raaj Kishore; Bohlouli, Somayeh; Bohluli, Mehdi; Bolla, Srinivasa Rao Rao; Boloor, Archith; Boon-Dooley, Alexandra S.; Borges, Guilherme; Borzi, Antonio Maria; Bourne, Rupert; Brady, Oliver J.; Brauer, Michael; Brayne, Carol; Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.; Brenner, Hermann; Briant, Paul Svitil; Briggs, Andrew M.; Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich; Britton, Gabrielle B.; Bryazka, Dana; Buchbinder, Rachelle; Bumgarner, Blair R.; Busse, Reinhard; Butt, Zahid A.; dos Santos, Florentino Luciano Caetano; Camera, Luis L. A. Alberto; Campos-Nonato, Ismael R.; Car, Josip; Cardenas, Rosario; Carreras, Giulia; Carrero, Juan J.; Carvalho, Felix; Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio; Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.; Castelpietra, Giulio; Castle, Chris D.; Castro, Franz; Catala-Lopez, Ferran; Causey, Kate; Cederroth, Christopher R.; Cercy, Kelly M.; Cerin, Ester; Chandan, Joht Singh; Chang, Alex R.; Charlson, Fiona J.; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chaturvedi, Sarika; Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel; Chin, Ken Lee; Cho, Daniel Youngwhan; Christensen, Hanne; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Chung, Michael T.; Cicuttini, Flavia M.; Ciobanu, Liliana G.; Cirillo, Massimo; Collins, Emma L.; Compton, Kelly; Conti, Sara; Cortesi, Paolo Angelo; Costa, Vera Marisa; Cousin, Ewerton; Cowden, Richard G.; Cowie, Benjamin C.; Cromwell, Elizabeth A.; Cross, Di H.; Crowe, Christopher Stephen; Cruz, Jessica A.; Cunningham, Matthew; Dahlawi, Saad M. A.; Damiani, Giovanni; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Darwesh, Aso Mohammad; Daryani, Ahmad; Das, Jai K.; Das Gupta, Rajat; das Neves, Jose; Davila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto; Davletov, Kairat; De Leo, Diego; Dean, Frances E.; DeCleene, Nicole K.; Deen, Amanda; Degenhardt, Louisa; Dellavalle, Robert Paul; Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen; Demsie, Desalegn Getnet; Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar; Dereje, Nebiyu Dereje; Dervenis, Nikolaos; Desai, Rupak; Desalew, Assefa; Dessie, Getenet Ayalew; Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda; Dhungana, Govinda Prasad; Dianatinasab, Mostafa; Diaz, Daniel; Forooshani, Zahra Sadat Dibaji; Dingels, Zachary V.; Dirac, M. Ashworth; Djalalinia, Shirin; Do, Hoa Thi; Dokova, Klara; Dorostkar, Fariba; Doshi, Chirag P.; Doshmangir, Leila; Douiri, Abdel; Doxey, Matthew C.; Driscoll, Tim Robert; Dunachie, Susanna J.; Duncan, Bruce B.; Duraes, Andre Rodrigues; Eagan, Arielle Wilder; Kalan, Mohammad Ebrahimi; Edvardsson, David; Ehrlich, Joshua R.; El Nahas, Nevine; El Sayed, Iman; El Tantawi, Maha; Elbarazi, Iffat; Elgendy, Islam Y.; Elhabashy, Hala Rashad; El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I.; Elyazar, Iqbal R. F.; Emamian, Mohammad Hassan; Emmons-Bell, Sophia; Erskine, Holly E.; Eshrati, Babak; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Esmaeilnejad, Saman; Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz; Esteghamati, Alireza; Estep, Kara; Etemadi, Arash; Etisso, Atkilt Esaiyas; Farahmand, Mohammad; Faraj, Anwar; Fareed, Mohammad; Faridnia, Roghiyeh; Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa; Farioli, Andrea; Faro, Andre; Faruque, Mithila; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fattahi, Nazir; Fazlzadeh, Mehdi; Feigin, Valery L.; Feldman, Rachel; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Fernandes, Eduarda; Ferrari, Alize J.; Ferreira, Manuela L.; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; Fisher, James L.; Fitzgerald, Ryan; Flohr, Carsten; Flor, Luisa Sorio; Foigt, Nataliya A.; Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Force, Lisa M.; Fornari, Carla; Foroutan, Masoud; Fox, Jack T.; Freitas, Marisa; Fu, Weijia; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Furtado, Joao M.; Gad, Mohamed M.; Gakidou, Emmanuela; Galles, Natalie C.; Gallus, Silvano; Gamkrelidze, Amiran; Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.; Gardner, William M.; Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle; Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen; Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork; Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew; Hayoon, Anna Gershberg; Gething, Peter W.; Ghadimi, Maryam; Ghadiri, Keyghobad; Ghafourifard, Mansour; Ghajar, Alireza; Ghamari, Farhad; Ghashghaee, Ahmad; Ghiasvand, Hesam; Ghith, Nermin; Gholamian, Asadollah; Gilani, Syed Amir; Gill, Paramjit Singh; Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan; Giussani, Giorgia; Goli, Srinivas; Gomez, Ricardo Santiago; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Gorini, Giuseppe; Gorman, Taren M.; Gottlich, Harrison Chase; Goudarzi, Houman; Goulart, Alessandra C.; Goulart, Barbara Niegia Garcia; Grada, Ayman; Grivna, Michal; Grosso, Giuseppe; Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen; Gugnani, Harish Chander; Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena; Guimaraes, Rafael Alves; Guled, Rashid Abdi; Guo, Gaorui; Guo, Yuming; Gupta, Rajeev; Haagsma, Juanita A.; Haddock, Beatrix; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Hafiz, Abdul; Hagins, Hailey; Haile, Lydia M.; Hall, Brian J.; Halvaei, Iman; Hamadeh, Randah R.; Abdullah, Kanaan Hamagharib; Hamilton, Erin B.; Han, Chieh; Han, Hannah; Hankey, Graeme J.; Haro, Josep Maria; Harvey, James D.; Hasaballah, Ahmed I.; Hasanzadeh, Amir; Hashemian, Maryam; Hassanipour, Soheil; Hassankhani, Hadi; Havmoeller, Rasmus J.; Hay, Roderick J.; Hay, Simon I.; Hayat, Khezar; Heidari, Behnam; Heidari, Golnaz; Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza; Hendrie, Delia; Henrikson, Hannah J.; Henry, Nathaniel J.; Herteliu, Claudiu; Heydarpour, Fatemeh; Hird, Thomas R.; Hoek, Hans W.; Hole, Michael K.; Holla, Ramesh; Hoogar, Praveen; Hosgood, H. Dean; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hostiuc, Sorin; Househ, Mowafa; Hoy, Damian G.; Hsairi, Mohamed; Hsieh, Vivian Chia-rong; Hu, Guoqing; Huda, Tanvir M.; Hugo, Fernando N.; Huynh, Chantal K.; Hwang, Bing-Fang; Iannucci, Vincent C.; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Ikuta, Kevin S.; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Irena M.; Ilic, Milena D.; Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja; Ippolito, Helen; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi; Islam, M. Mofizul; Islam, MdMohaimenul; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Islami, Farhad; Iso, Hiroyasu; Ivers, Rebecca Q.; Iwu, Chidozie C. D.; Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi; Jaafari, Jalil; Jacobsen, Kathryn H.; Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad; Jafari, Hussain; Jafarinia, Morteza; Jahagirdar, Deepa; Jahani, Mohammad Ali; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jalali, Amir; Jalilian, Farzad; James, Spencer L.; Janjani, Hosna; Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar; Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra; Jeemon, Panniyammakal; Jenabi, Ensiyeh; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jha, Vivekanand; Ji, John S.; Jia, Peng; John, Oommen; John-Akinola, Yetunde O.; Johnson, Catherine Owens; Johnson, Sarah Charlotte; Jonas, Jost B.; Joo, Tamas; Joshi, Ankur; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Jurisson, Mikk; Kabir, Ali; Kabir, Zubair; Kalani, Hamed; Kalani, Rizwan; Kalankesh, Leila R.; Kalhor, Rohollah; Kamiab, Zahra; Kanchan, Tanuj; Matin, Behzad Karami; Karch, Andre; Karim, Mohd Anisul; Karimi, Salah Eddin; Kassa, Getachew Mullu; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Kawakami, Norito; Kayode, Gbenga A.; Keddie, Suzanne H.; Keller, Cathleen; Kereselidze, Maia; Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif; Khalid, Nauman; Khan, Maseer; Khatab, Khaled; Khater, Mona M.; Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli; Khayamzadeh, Maryam; Khodayari, Mohammad Taghi; Khundkar, Roba; Kianipour, Neda; Kieling, Christian; Kim, Daniel; Kim, Young-Eun; Kim, Yun Jin; Kimokoti, Ruth W.; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna; Kivimaki, Mika; Kneib, Cameron J.; Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo; Kocarnik, Jonathan M.; Kolola, Tufa; Kopec, Jacek A.; Kosen, Soewarta; Koul, Parvaiz A.; Koyanagi, Ai; Kravchenko, Michael A.; Krishan, Kewal; Krohn, Kris J.; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Bicer, Burcu Kucuk; Kumar, G. Anil; Kumar, Manasi; Kumar, Pushpendra; Kumar, Vivek; Kumaresh, Girikumar; Kurmi, Om P.; Kusuma, Dian; Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe; La Vecchia, Carlo; Lacey, Ben; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lam, Jennifer O.; Lami, Faris Hasan; Landires, Ivan; Lang, Justin J.; Lansingh, Van Charles; Larson, Samantha Leigh; Larsson, Anders O.; Lasrado, Savita; Lassi, Zohra S.; Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming; Lavados, Pablo M.; Lazarus, Jeffrey V.; Ledesma, Jorge R.; Lee, Paul H.; Lee, Shaun Wen Huey; LeGrand, Kate E.; Leigh, James; Leonardi, Matilde; Lescinsky, Haley; Leung, Janni; Levi, Miriam; Lewington, Sarah; Li, Shanshan; Lim, Lee-Ling; Lin, Christine; Lin, Ro-Ting; Linehan, Christine; Linn, Shai; Liu, Hung-Chun; Liu, Shiwei; Liu, Zichen; Looker, Katharine J.; Lopez, Alan D.; Lopukhov, Platon D.; Lorkowski, Stefan; Lotufo, Paulo A.; Lucas, Tim C. D.; Lugo, Alessandra; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Lyons, Ronan A.; Ma, Jianing; MacLachlan, Jennifer H.; Maddison, Emilie R.; Maddison, Ralph; Madotto, Fabiana; Mahasha, Phetole Walter; Mai, Hue Thi; Majeed, Azeem; Maled, Venkatesh; Maleki, Shokofeh; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Mamun, Abdullah A.; Manafi, Amir; Manafi, Navid; Manguerra, Helena; Mansouri, Borhan; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Herrera, Ana M. Mantilla; Maravilla, Joemer C.; Marks, Ashley; Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio; Martopullo, Ira; Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra; Massano, Joao; Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard; Mathur, Manu Raj; Maulik, Pallab K.; McAlinden, Colm; McGrath, John J.; McKee, Martin; Mehndiratta, Man Mohan; Mehri, Fereshteh; Mehta, Kala M.; Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda; Memiah, Peter T. N.; Mendoza, Walter; Menezes, Ritesh G.; Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku; Mengesha, Meresa Berwo; Mereke, Alibek; Meretoja, Atte; Meretoja, Tuomo J.; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Miazgowski, Bartosz; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Michalek, Irmina Maria; Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu; Miller, Ted R.; Mills, Edward J.; Mirica, Andreea; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.; Mirzaei, Hamed; Mirzaei, Maryam; Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi; Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen; Mithra, Prasanna; Moazen, Babak; Moghadaszadeh, Masoud; Mohamadi, Efat; Mohammad, Dara K.; Mohammad, Yousef; Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah; Mohammadifard, Noushin; Mohammadpourhodki, Reza; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mokdad, Ali H.; Molokhia, Mariam; Momen, Natalie C.; Monasta, Lorenzo; Mondello, Stefania; Mooney, Meghan D.; Moosazadeh, Mahmood; Moradi, Ghobad; Moradi, Masoud; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah; Moraga, Paula; Morales, Linda; Morawska, Lidia; Velasquez, Ilais Moreno; Morgado-da-Costa, Joana; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Mosser, Jonathan F.; Mouodi, Simin; Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam; Khaneghah, Amin Mousavi; Mueller, Ulrich Otto; Munro, Sandra B.; Muriithi, Moses K.; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Muthupandian, Saravanan; Naderi, Mehdi; Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman; Nagel, Gabriele; Naghshtabrizi, Behshad; Nair, Sanjeev; Nandi, Anita K.; Nangia, Vinay; Nansseu, Jobert Richie; Nayak, Vinod C.; Nazari, Javad; Negoi, Ionut; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Netsere, Henok Biresaw Netsere; Ngunjiri, Josephine W.; Nguyen, Cuong Tat; Nguyen, Jason; Nguyen, Michele; Nguyen, Minh; Nichols, Emma; Nigatu, Dabere; Nigatu, Yeshambel T.; Nikbakhsh, Rajan; Nixon, Molly R.; Nnaji, Chukwudi A.; Nomura, Shuhei; Norrving, Bo; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Nowak, Christoph; Nunez-Samudio, Virginia; Otoiu, Adrian; Oancea, Bogdan; Odell, Christopher M.; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Oh, In-Hwan; Okunga, Emmanuel Wandera; Oladnabi, Morteza; Olagunju, Andrew T.; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun; Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike; Bali, Ahmed Omar; Omer, Muktar Omer; Ong, Kanyin L.; Onwujekwe, Obinna E.; Orji, Aislyn U.; Orpana, Heather M.; Ortiz, Alberto; Ostroff, Samuel M.; Otstavnov, Nikita; Otstavnov, Stanislav S.; Overland, Simon; Owolabi, Mayowa O.; Mahesh, P. A.; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Pakhare, Abhijit P.; Palladino, Raffaele; Pana, Adrian; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Pandey, Anamika; Park, Eun-Kee; Parmar, Priya G. Kumari; Pasupula, Deepak Kumar; Patel, Sangram Kishor; Paternina-Caicedo, Angel J.; Pathak, Ashish; Pathak, Mona; Patten, Scott B.; Patton, George C.; Paudel, Deepak; Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki; Peden, Amy E.; Pennini, Alyssa; Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino; Peprah, Emmanuel K.; Pereira, Alexandre; Pereira, David M.; Perico, Norberto; Pham, Hai Quang; Phillips, Michael R.; Pigott, David M.; Pilgrim, Thomas; Pilz, Tessa M.; Pirsaheb, Meghdad; Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer; Plass, Dietrich; Pokhrel, Khem Narayan; Polibin, Roman V.; Polinder, Suzanne; Polkinghorne, Kevan R.; Postma, Maarten J.; Pourjafar, Hadi; Pourmalek, Farshad; Kalhori, Reza Pourmirza; Pourshams, Akram; Poznanska, Anna; Prada, Sergio I.; Prakash, V.; Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga; Pupillo, Elisabetta; Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi; Rabiee, Mohammad; Rabiee, Navid; Radfar, Amir; Rafiee, Ata; Rafiei, Alireza; Raggi, Alberto; Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali; Rajati, Fatemeh; Ramezanzadeh, Kiana; Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal; Rao, Puja C.; Rao, Sowmya J.; Rasella, Davide; Rastogi, Prateek; Rathi, Priya; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawaf, Salman; Rawal, Lal; Razo, Christian; Redford, Sofia Boston; Reiner, Robert C., Jr.; Reinig, Nickolas; Reitsma, Marissa Bettay; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Renjith, Vishnu; Renzaho, Andre M. 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ISI:000579154000007
ISSN: 0140-6736
CID: 4703062
