Faculty Bibliography

Background: Partnership, engagement, and collaboration (PEC) are critical factors in dissemination and implementation (D&I) research. Despite a growing recognition that incorporating PEC strategies in D&I research is likely to increase the relevance, feasibility, impacts, and of evidence-based interventions or practices (EBIs, EBPs), conceptual frameworks and methodologies to guide the development and testing of PEC strategies in D&I research are lacking. To address this methodological gap, a review was conducted to summarize what we know, what we think we know, and what we need to know about PEC to inform D&I research. Methods: A cross-field scoping review, drawing upon a broad range of PEC related literature in health, was conducted. Publications reviewed focused on factors influencing PEC, and processes, mechanisms and strategies for promoting effective PEC. The review was conducted separately for three forms of partnerships that are commonly used in D&I research: (1) consumer-provider or patient-implementer partnership; (2) delivery system or implementation team partnership; and (3) sustainment/support or interagency/community partnership. A total of 39 studies, of which 21 were review articles, were selected for an in-depth review. Results: Across three forms of partnerships, four domains (cognitive, interpersonal/affective, behavioral, and contextual domains) were consistently identified as factors and strategies for promoting PEC. Depending on the stage (preparation or execution) and purpose of the partnership (regulating performance or managing maintenance), certain PEC strategies are more or less relevant. Recent developments of PEC frameworks, such as Partnership Stage of Change and multiple dynamic processes, provide more comprehensive conceptual explanations for PEC mechanisms, which can better guide PEC strategies selection and integration in D&I research. Conclusions: This review contributes to D&I knowledge by identifying critical domain factors, processes, or mechanisms, and key strategies for PEC, and offers a multi-level PEC framework for future research to build the evidence base. However, more research is needed to test PEC mechanisms.

Comprehensive and innovative strategies are needed to address and manage chronic diseases and conditions and to reduce health disparities. EmblemHealth Neighborhood Care (EHNC) sites provide community-based linkages across payers, health providers, and delivery systems and underserved communities using culturally sensitive methods tailored to meet the needs of the community. This article describes this novel initiative and early indicators of its feasibility. Three EHNC sites were established in New York City: Harlem, Cambria Heights, and Chinatown. Each site provides core health and customer services to members and the community. In addition, sites provide tailored services to meet the unique needs of each community. Preliminary data suggest that program and community members are utilizing the sites and returning for follow-up visits. Sites also demonstrate success in cross referral between EHNC teams. The EHNC program is both feasible from the payer's perspective and acceptable to diverse patient populations and settings.

Faith-based organizations (FBOs) (e.g., churches, mosques, and gurdwaras) can play a vital role in health promotion. The Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health for Asian Americans (REACH FAR) Project is implementing a multi-level and evidence-based health promotion and hypertension (HTN) control program in faith-based organizations serving Asian American (AA) communities (Bangladeshi, Filipino, Korean, Asian Indian) across multiple denominations (Christian, Muslim, and Sikh) in New York/New Jersey (NY/NJ). This paper presents baseline results and describes the cultural adaptation and implementation process of the REACH FAR program across diverse FBOs and religious denominations serving AA subgroups. Working with 12 FBOs, informed by implementation research and guided by a cultural adaptation framework and community-engaged approaches, REACH FAR strategies included (1) implementing healthy food policies for communal meals and (2) delivering a culturally-linguistically adapted HTN management coaching program. Using the Ecological Validity Model (EVM), the program was culturally adapted across congregation and faith settings. Baseline measures include (i) Congregant surveys assessing social norms and diet (n = 946), (ii) HTN participant program surveys (n = 725), (iii) FBO environmental strategy checklists (n = 13), and (iv) community partner in-depth interviews assessing project feasibility (n = 5). We describe the adaptation process and baseline assessments of FBOs. In year 1, we reached 3790 (nutritional strategies) and 725 (HTN program) via AA FBO sites. Most AA FBOs lack nutrition policies and present prime opportunities for evidence-based multi-level interventions. REACH FAR presents a promising health promotion implementation program that may result in significant community reach.

BACKGROUND: Despite high-quality evidence demonstrating that screening reduces mortality from breast, cervical, colorectal, and lung cancers, a substantial portion of the population remains inadequately screened. There is a critical need to identify interventions that increase the uptake and adoption of evidence-based screening guidelines for preventable cancers at the community practice level. Text messaging (short message service, SMS) has been effective in promoting behavioral change in various clinical settings, but the overall impact and reach of text messaging interventions on cancer screening are unknown. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review was to assess the effect of text messaging interventions on screening for breast, cervical, colorectal, and lung cancers. METHODS: We searched multiple databases for studies published between the years 2000 and 2017, including PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, to identify controlled trials that measured the effect of text messaging on screening for breast, cervical, colorectal, or lung cancers. Study quality was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. RESULTS: Our search yielded 2238 citations, of which 31 underwent full review and 9 met inclusion criteria. Five studies examined screening for breast cancer, one for cervical cancer, and three for colorectal cancer. No studies were found for lung cancer screening. Absolute screening rates for individuals who received text message interventions were 0.6% to 15.0% higher than for controls. Unadjusted relative screening rates for text message recipients were 4% to 63% higher compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: Text messaging interventions appear to moderately increase screening rates for breast and cervical cancer and may have a small effect on colorectal cancer screening. Benefit was observed in various countries, including resource-poor and non-English-speaking populations. Given the paucity of data, additional research is needed to better quantify the effectiveness of this promising intervention.

OBJECTIVES: The current descriptive study aimed to: (i) quantify the number and type of advertisements (ads) located in a Chinese-American neighbourhood in a large, urban city; and (ii) catalogue the targeted marketing themes used in the food/beverage ads. DESIGN: Ten pairs of trained research assistants photographed all outdoor ads in a 0.6 mile2 (1.6 km2) area where more than 60.0 % of residents identify as Chinese American. We used content analysis to assess the marketing themes of ads, including references to: Asian cultures; health; various languages; children; food or beverage type (e.g. sugar-sweetened soda). SETTING: Lower East Side, a neighbourhood located in the borough of Manhattan in New York City, USA. SUBJECTS: Ads (n 1366) in the designated neighbourhood. RESULTS: Food/beverage ads were the largest ad category (29.7 %, n 407), followed by services (e.g. mobile phone services; 21.0 %, n 288). Sixty-seven per cent (66.9 %) of beverages featured were sugar-sweetened, and 50.8 % of food ads promoted fast food. Fifty-five per cent (54.9 %) of food/beverage ads targeted Asian Americans through language, ethnicity of person(s) in the ad or inclusion of culturally relevant images. Fifty per cent (50.2 %) of ads were associated with local/small brands. CONCLUSIONS: Food/beverage marketing practices are known to promote unhealthy food and beverage products. Research shows that increased exposure leads to excessive short-term consumption among consumers and influences children's food preferences and purchase requests. Given the frequency of racially targeted ads for unhealthy products in the current study and increasing rates of obesity-related diseases among Asian Americans, research and policies should address the implications of food and beverage ads on health.

We used the Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health Across the US (REACH US) Risk Factor Survey from 2009 through 2012 to examine the association between body mass index (BMI, calculated as kg/m2) and 3 cardiovascular disease risk factors among Chinese Americans in New York City. We used traditional BMI cut points and cut points modified for the Asian population. Compared with normal/underweight Chinese American adults (BMI <23.0), obese Chinese American adults (BMI >/=27.5) had significantly higher odds of having each risk factor in fully adjusted logistic regression models: diabetes (odds ratio [OR], 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8-6.2), high blood pressure (OR, 5.5; 95% CI, 3.9-7.7), and high cholesterol (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.4). Regression results were similar across BMI definitions, suggesting that both BMI categorizations should be considered in CVD research among Chinese Americans.

OBJECTIVES: To identify determinants of receipt of annual oral health examinations and self-rated oral health among diverse Asian American subgroups. METHODS: We used data from the Community Health Resources and Needs Assessment, a community-based survey of Asian American immigrant adults conducted in the New York City metropolitan region from 2013 to 2016 (n = 1288). We used multivariable logistic regression models to assess determinants of oral health care receipt and self-rated oral health. RESULTS: Failure to receive an annual oral health examination was common in this sample (41.5%) and was more frequent for participants who were younger and male and those who had poorer English fluency and lower educational attainment. Not having dental insurance versus having private dental insurance resulted in 2 to 3 times the odds of nonreceipt of oral health care and poor self-rated oral health. CONCLUSIONS: Nonreceipt of annual oral health examinations and poor self-rated oral health were common across Asian American subgroups. Facilitating dental insurance sign-up and providing in-language services may improve oral health care access and ultimately oral health among Asian American immigrants.

Background: Asian Americans are one of the fastest growing minority populations in the United States. With increases in the older adult population too, there needs to be research dedicated to their health. Past studies have shown that social isolation and loneliness predict greater physical, mental, and cognitive decline. This literature review was conducted to address this emerging need to understand the scope of research focused on social isolation and Asian American older adults. Methods: The PRISMA guidelines were used to guide this review. Four interdisciplinary databases searched were: PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and AgeLine. Search terms included variations on the words social isolation, loneliness, Asian Americans, and older adults. The date of the last search was July 6th, 2016. Articles were reviewed based on 5 eligibility criteria: (1) topic relevance, (2) study participants > 60 years of age, (3) Asian immigrants as main participants, (4) conducted in a Western country, and (5) published in the English language. The remaining studies were assessed on eight categories: ethnic group, health topic, geographic location, subject population, recruitment site, study design, outcomes accessed, and outcomes measures. Results: The search yielded 203 articles from the four databases. 49 articles were removed as duplicates. The 154 remaining studies were reviewed based on their abstract and 34 met the eligibility criteria and underwent full text review. Existing research has focused primarily on immigrant Chinese and Korean older adult populations located in major gateway cities (ex: Los Angeles, New York City). Studies were largely observational studies that were conducted using small community-based samples which makes generalizability difficult. There were zero interventional studies. Conclusions: There are critical gaps in the literature on social isolation in Asian immigrant populations. Future studies should prioritize health promotion intervention research and focus on diverse understudied Asian subgroups (e.g. South Asians, Cambodians, Filipinos). Potential pitfalls of this literature review include: accessing only four major databases, limiting searches to after 1995, and studies were conducted throughout countries with different healthcare systems

OBJECTIVES: As Asian Americans are dis- proportionately affected by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), we explored predictors of HBV screening and vaccination among Chinese and Korean Americans. METHODS: We used cross-sectional data from a com- munity-based sample of Chinese Americans (N = 502) and Korean Americans (N = 487) residing in the metropolitan New York City area during 2008-2009. Logistic regression models were stratified by Asian-American subgroup and sex to predict HBV screening (for the entire sam- ple) and HBV vaccination (among those not HBV positive). RESULTS: Overall, screening rates were high (71.3% among Chinese and 70.1% among Koreans). The majority of respondents were aware of HBV; however, knowledge about HBV transmission was low. In logistic regression, a physician recommendation was consistently associated with HBV screening and vaccination outcomes across all groups; having heard of HBV was significantly associated with screening and vaccination among Chinese males and screening among Korean males and females. Screening and vaccination barriers were reported among all groups, and included lack of knowledge and feeling well/having no health issues. CONCLUSIONS: Targeted efforts in these at-risk communities are necessary to improve HBV knowledge, address misinformation about HBV, and eliminate provider-, patient-, and resource-related barriers to HBV screening and vaccination.

BACKGROUND: In 2007 the journal Progress in Community Health Partnerships was launched to advance the field of community-engaged research and the journal's editors engaged in a Delphi process to identify priorities for the journal and field. Ten years later, the increased adoption of community-engaged research continues to improve public health. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this manuscrip t is to i dentify community-engaged research priorities for the next 10 years. METHODS: The study engaged leaders in community-engaged research using a two-round Delphi process, whereby leaders in the field were asked to identify and then rank order topics in community-engaged research that needed to be prioritized for the next decade. RESULTS: In stage 1, 41 respondents generated 441 priorities across 8 categories (e.g., theory, epidemiology, intervention science) that were collapsed into 90 priority topics, ranging from 8 to 15 per category. In stage 2, 73 respondents ranked five prioritized items for each category. The prioritized items are provided, with the following themes present across all categories: 1) improvements to equity among partners, 2) partnership sustainability, and 3) increased efforts to translate community-engaged research into policy change. CONCLUSIONS: We compare the findings from this Delphi process with the priorities identified in 2007 to reflect on how the field has progressed. It is our hope that community and academic stakeholders will be able to use these priorities as a guide to their community-engaged research in the coming years.