Faculty Bibliography
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441
From cancer prevention to death: the case for transdiagnostic services for physical health in people with mental disorders
PMID: 37353252
ISSN: 2215-0374
CID: 5533702
Rejoinder to commentary by Drs. Boaz Musafia and Gilad Rosenberg
PMID: 37727993
ISSN: 1469-8978
CID: 5735302
A century of research on neuromodulation interventions: A scientometric analysis of trends and knowledge maps
Interest in neurostimulation interventions has significantly grown in recent decades, yet a scientometric analysis objectively mapping scientific knowledge and recent trends remains unpublished. Using relevant keywords, we conducted a search in the Web of Science Core Collection on September 23, 2022, retrieving a total of 47,681 documents with 987,979 references. We identified two prominent research trends: 'noninvasive brain stimulation' and 'invasive brain stimulation.' These methods have interconnected over time, forming a cluster focused on evidence synthesis. Noteworthy emerging research trends encompassed 'transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation,' 'DBS/epilepsy in the pediatric population,' 'spinal cord stimulation,' and 'brain-machine interface.' While progress has been made for various neurostimulation interventions, their approval as adjuvant treatments remains limited, and optimal stimulation parameters lack consensus. Enhancing communication between experts of both neurostimulation types and encouraging novel translational research could foster further development. These findings offer valuable insights for funding agencies and research groups, guiding future directions in the field.
PMID: 37392815
ISSN: 1873-7528
CID: 5540682
World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). 2023:22(2):335-337.DOI: 10.1002/wps.21097
First evidence of a general disease ("d") factor, a common factor underlying physical and mental illness [Letter]
PMCID:10168148
PMID: 37159369
ISSN: 1723-8617
CID: 5509642
Anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders in adult men and women with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: a substantive and methodological overview
Knowledge on psychiatric comorbidity in adult ADHD is essential for prevention, detection, and treatment of these conditions. This review (1) focuses on large studies (n> 10,000; surveys, claims data, population registries) to identify (a) overall, (b) sex- and (c) age-specific patterns of comorbidity of anxiety disorders (ADs), major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) in adults with ADHD relative to adults without ADHD; and (2) describes methodological challenges relating to establishing comorbidity in ADHD in adults as well as priorities for future research. Meta-analyses (ADHD: n=550,748; no ADHD n=14,546,814) yielded pooled odds ratios of 5.0(CI:3.29-7.46) for AD, 4.5(CI:2.44-8.34) for MDD, 8.7(CI:5.47-13.89) for BD and 4.6(CI:2.72-7.80) for SUDs, indicating strong differences in adults with compared to adults without ADHD. Moderation by sex was not found: high comorbidity held for both men and women with sex-specific patterns as in the general population: higher prevalences of ADs, MDD and BD in women and a higher prevalence of SUDs in men. Insufficient data on different phases of the adult lifespan prevented conclusions on developmental changes in comorbidity. We discuss methodological challenges, knowledge gaps, and future research priorities.
PMID: 37149075
ISSN: 1873-7528
CID: 5470522
Cognitive and behavioral profiles in children with autism spectrum disorder with and without Attention-Deficit/hyperactivity disorder
BACKGROUND:Understanding the developmental trajectories of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with and without comorbid ADHD is relevant to tailor care plans. This prospective study assessed, for the first time, cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and learning outcomes in adolescence of children with ASD-ADHD and in those with ASD+ADHD in childhood. Possible predictors of severity of ASD core symptoms in adolescence were also evaluated. METHODS:Forty-five adolescents without intellectual disability, 26 diagnosed in childhood with ASD-ADHD and 19 with ASD+ADHD, were evaluated at baseline (mean age: 8.6 ± 1.3) and at 5-year follow-up (mean age: 12.9 ± 0.9). Parents and teachers completed questionnaires on executive functions, theory of mind (ToM), emotional/behavioral difficulties (EBD), and learning style at both time points.. RESULTS:Overall different developmental trajectories for the two groups were found. In general, deficits in metacognition processes, ToM skills, EBD, and learning abilities were more pronounced in the ASD+ group. Over time, the ASD+ADHD group, but not the ASD-ADHD, tended to improve in EBD and metacognition but their level of development continued to be lower compared with ASD+ADHD. EBD in childhood were significant predictors of autism core symptoms of adolescents. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings highlight the importance of an early identification of comorbid ADHD symptoms in ASD to offer treatment strategies based on specific developmental trajectories.
PMID: 35441444
ISSN: 1475-357x
CID: 5218292
Nonstimulant Medications for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
BACKGROUND:For some adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), nonstimulants need to be considered either as a monotherapy or as an adjunct to stimulants. OBJECTIVES:The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to assess the efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability of nonstimulants in adults with ADHD. METHODS:Data sources, searches, and study selection were based on a previously published network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) by Cortese at al. (Lancet Psychiatry 5(9):727-738, 2018), which we updated in March 2022. Specifically, we searched PubMed, BIOSIS Previews, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, OpenGrey, Web of Science Core Collection, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (UK and Ireland), ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (abstracts and international), and the WHO International Trials Registry Platform, including ClinicalTrials.gov for double-blind RCTs with a placebo arm, lasting at least one week, including adults with a diagnosis of ADHD based on DSM-III, DSM-III-R, DSM-IV(TR), DSM-5 or ICD-9- or 10, and reporting data on efficacy, tolerability (drop-out due to side effects) and acceptability (drop-out due to any cause) of guanfacine, clonidine, or atomoxetine. Additionally, we searched for RCTs of viloxazine extended release (ER), approved for ADHD in 2021. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted, and the risk of bias for individual RCTs was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. RESULTS:We included 18 studies in the meta-analyses (4308 participants) plus one additional study in the narrative synthesis (374 participants). The meta-analysis showed that atomoxetine (15 RCTs) (Hedge's g = - 0.48, 95% CI [- 0.64; - 0.33]), guanfacine (two RCTs) (Hedge's g = - 0.66, 95% CI [- 0.94; - 0.38]) and viloxazine ER (one RCT) were significantly more efficacious than placebo. Atomoxetine was less well tolerated than placebo, while tolerability of guanfacine and viloxazine ER could not be meta-analysed, since only one study, for each medication, reported on it. CONCLUSIONS:All investigated nonstimulants were more efficacious in the treatment of ADHD in adults, than placebo, while the placebo had better acceptability and tolerability. PROTOCOL:https://osf.io/5vnmt/?view_only=2bf87ed12ba94645babedceeee4c0120 .
PMID: 37166701
ISSN: 1179-1934
CID: 5503362
Validation of the Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT) questionnaire for adults
BACKGROUND:The Collaborative Outcome study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT; www.coh-fit.com) is an anonymous and global online survey measuring health and functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to test concurrently the validity of COH-FIT items and the internal validity of the co-primary outcome, a composite psychopathology "P-score". METHODS:The COH-FIT survey has been translated into 30 languages (two blind forward-translations, consensus, one independent English back-translation, final harmonization). To measure mental health, 1-4 items ("COH-FIT items") were extracted from validated questionnaires (e.g. Patient Health Questionnaire 9). COH-FIT items measured anxiety, depressive, post-traumatic, obsessive-compulsive, bipolar and psychotic symptoms, as well as stress, sleep and concentration. COH-FIT Items which correlated r ≥ 0.5 with validated companion questionnaires, were initially retained. A P-score factor structure was then identified from these items using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) on data split into training and validation sets. Consistency of results across languages, gender and age was assessed. RESULTS:From >150,000 adult responses by May 6th, 2022, a subset of 22,456 completed both COH-FIT items and validated questionnaires. Concurrent validity was consistently demonstrated across different languages for COH-FIT items. CFA confirmed EFA results of five first-order factors (anxiety, depression, post-traumatic, psychotic, psychophysiologic symptoms) and revealed a single second-order factor P-score, with high internal reliability (ω = 0.95). Factor structure was consistent across age and sex. CONCLUSIONS:COH-FIT is a valid instrument to globally measure mental health during infection times. The P-score is a valid measure of multidimensional mental health.
PMCID:9794522
PMID: 36586617
ISSN: 1573-2517
CID: 5442082
We need timely access to mental health data: implications of the Goldacre review
PMID: 36931773
ISSN: 2215-0374
CID: 5470492
Computerized cognitive training in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with blinded and objective outcomes
This meta-analysis investigated the effects of computerized cognitive training (CCT) on clinical, neuropsychological and academic outcomes in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The authors searched PubMed, Ovid, and Web of Science until 19th January 2022 for parallel-arm randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using CCT in individuals with ADHD. Random-effects meta-analyses pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) between CCT and comparator arms. RCT quality was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool (PROSPERO: CRD42021229279). Thirty-six RCTs were meta-analysed, 17 of which evaluated working memory training (WMT). Analysis of outcomes measured immediately post-treatment and judged to be "probably blinded" (PBLIND; trial n = 14) showed no effect on ADHD total (SMD = 0.12, 95%CI[-0.01 to -0.25]) or hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms (SMD = 0.12, 95%[-0.03 to-0.28]). These findings remained when analyses were restricted to trials (n: 5-13) with children/adolescents, low medication exposure, semi-active controls, or WMT or multiple process training. There was a small improvement in inattention symptoms (SMD = 0.17, 95%CI[0.02-0.31]), which remained when trials were restricted to semi-active controls (SMD = 0.20, 95%CI[0.04-0.37]), and doubled in size when assessed in the intervention delivery setting (n = 5, SMD = 0.40, 95%CI[0.09-0.71]), suggesting a setting-specific effect. CCT improved WM (verbal: n = 15, SMD = 0.38, 95%CI[0.24-0.53]; visual-spatial: n = 9, SMD = 0.49, 95%CI[0.31-0.67]), but not other neuropsychological (e.g., attention, inhibition) or academic outcomes (e.g., reading, arithmetic; analysed n: 5-15). Longer-term improvement (at ~6-months) in verbal WM, reading comprehension, and ratings of executive functions were observed but relevant trials were limited in number (n: 5-7). There was no evidence that multi-process training was superior to working memory training. In sum, CCT led to shorter-term improvements in WM, with some evidence that verbal WM effects persisted in the longer-term. Clinical effects were limited to small, setting specific, short-term effects on inattention symptoms.
PMID: 36977764
ISSN: 1476-5578
CID: 5463182
