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Fungi have become an increasingly important cause of peritonitis in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The most common cause of fungal peritonitis is Candida. However, in recent years unusual and "nonpathogenic" fungi have been reported as etiologic agents of CAPD-associated peritonitis. We are reporting the first case of CAPD-associated peritonitis caused by Monilia sitophila. This organism had previously been considered to be non-pathogenic, and a troublesome laboratory contaminant. Our patient was successfully managed with intravenous and intraperitoneal amphotericin B, followed by oral itraconazole, without removal of her Tenckhoff catheter.