Faculty Bibliography

If elected, Senator John McCain of Arizona, 72, the Republican nominee, would be the oldest man to be sworn in to a first term as president and the first cancer survivor to win the office. In recent weeks, more than 2,700 physicians have signed a petition that ran as an advertisement demanding that Mr. McCain fully release his health records; the petition is sponsored by Brave New Films, the company led by Robert Greenwald, a Hollywood filmmaker who has contributed $2,250 to Democratic candidates and has made a number of anti-McCain videos

[Barack Obama]'s heaviest smoking was seven or eight cigarettes a day, but three was more typical, according to an interview published in the November issue of Men's Health magazine. In a letter given to reporters before the election, Obama's doctor described his smoking history as 'intermittent,' and said he had quit several times and was using Nicorette gum, a form of nicotine replacement, 'with success.' Obama was often seen chewing gum during the campaign. 'It's generally prompted by a stressful situation, when they're fatigued and they need to concentrate and focus,' [Neal Benowitz] said. 'Obama talked about that. People are used to having a cigarette in that situation.' 'Then there is something called hedonic dysregulation,' Benowitz said. 'It involves pleasure. Nicotine involves dopamine release, which is key in signaling pleasure. When people quit smoking, they don't experience things they used to like as pleasure.'

Scientists said they were surprised by the finding because they had believed that mutations of this type generally made the virus less potent and less easily spread among people. The predominant influenza virus circulating this winter is influenza A/H1N1. The Tamiflu-resistant form of the virus, known as influenza A(H1N1 H274Y), has been found with varying frequency in various areas of four European countries, Canada and the United States. There are no immediate plans to recommend changes in the use of Tamiflu, which is also known as oseltamivir, officials from the W.H.O. and the United States said in interviews, because the incidence of the mutant virus is still small. Tamiflu is one of the antiviral drugs used to treat influenza in its early stages. In the United States, the Tamiflu resistant strain was found in 9 of 237, or 3.8 percent of patients from whom influenza type A and B viruses were isolated this winter, and all 9 were in the A(H1N1) category, making them 6.7 percent of those 135 cases, Dr. [Alicia Fry], said in a telephone interview

The standard influenza vaccine still protects against the mutant virus, said Hayden and Dr. Alicia Fry, an influenza epidemiologist at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta.

There was no legal way to expel Mr. [Svensson], because ''no national policy covers the situation,'' Dr. Harriet Wallberg-Henriksson, the Karolinska's president, said last month. The only grounds for expulsion would be if he were a threat to others or had a psychiatric illness, she said. ''That seemed strange to us, so on Wednesday we asked the national agency responsible for verifying application documents to check,'' and they could not verify the transcript, Dr. Wallberg-Henriksson said in a telephone interview on Thursday. ''We were under the assumption that they had done it because that's their responsibility.'' She met with students again when Mr. Svensson identified himself before his classmates. At that meeting, Mr. Svensson spoke for about 10 minutes without apologizing for the murder or his past. He did say, ''Today, I am not the person I was 10 years ago,'' Dr. Wallberg-Henriksson said

''We can say we have a culprit with the smoking gun at the scene of the crime, but that still doesn't mean he's guilty,'' Dr. [Patrick S. Moore] said in a telephone interview. ''We have a long way to go to prove that this agent is really the cause,'' he said. ''But the fact that the virus is so strongly associated with the tumor is at least a very good bet that it is playing an important role.'' ''It is not every day,'' Dr. [Anthony S. Fauci] said, ''that you have some pretty compelling molecular proof that a virus is associated, likely causally, with development of a particular cancerous process.''

Experts not involved in the Minnesota work called it 'a landmark achievement' and 'a stunning' development, but they and the Minnesota researchers cautioned that the dream, if ever realized, was still a decade away. With modifications, scientists should be able to grow a human heart by taking stem cells from a patient's bone marrow and placing them in a cadaver heart that has been prepared as a scaffold, [Doris A. Taylor] said in a telephone interview from her laboratory in Minneapolis. The early success 'opens the door to this notion that you can make any organ: kidney, liver, lung, pancreas -- you name it and we hope we can make it,' she said

He told Tom Brokaw of NBC several weeks ago, for example, that he 'had stopped' but that 'there are times where I've fallen off the wagon.' He promised to obey the no-smoking rules in the White House, but whether that meant he would be ducking out the back door for a smoke is not known. His transition team declined to answer any questions about his smoking, past or present, or his efforts to quit. In a letter given to reporters before the election, [Barack Obama]'s doctor described his smoking history as 'intermittent,' and said he had quit several times and was using Nicorette gum, a form of nicotine replacement, 'with success.' 'If nicotine is harmful, it is a minuscule risk compared to cigarette smoking,' [Neal L. Benowitz] said. 'If people want to continue using gum or patches, and not cigarettes, their health will be enhanced.'

An early invention, the roller pump, devised while he was in medical school in the 1930s, became the central component of the heart-lung machine, which takes over the functions of the heart and lungs during surgery by supplying oxygenated blood to the brain

There were renewed calls for strong advocacy and financing to sustain gains already made, like promoting more antiretroviral therapy in poorer countries, along with male circumcision and behavior modification. Dr. Jorge Saavedra, director of the Mexican national AIDS program, underscored the imperative for such information by saying that 'if you do not follow the epidemiology of H.I.V.' and the scientific evidence, 'then we will lose the fight against H.I.V.' Now, a new test developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention promises a greater ability to pinpoint hot spots of new infections and to control them more quickly, at least in developed countries.