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The interleukin-6 receptor as a target for prevention of coronary heart disease: a mendelian randomisation analysis
Swerdlow, Daniel I; Holmes, Michael V; Kuchenbaecker, Karoline B; Engmann, Jorgen E L; Shah, Tina; Sofat, Reecha; Guo, Yiran; Chung, Christina; Peasey, Anne; Pfister, Roman; Mooijaart, Simon P; Ireland, Helen A; Leusink, Maarten; Langenberg, Claudia; Li, Ka Wah; Palmen, Jutta; Howard, Philip; Cooper, Jackie A; Drenos, Fotios; Hardy, John; Nalls, Michael A; Li, Yun Rose; Lowe, Gordon; Stewart, Marlene; Bielinski, Suzette J; Peto, Julian; Timpson, Nicholas J; Gallacher, John; Dunlop, Malcolm; Houlston, Richard; Tomlinson, Ian; Tzoulaki, Ioanna; Luan, Jian'an; Boer, Jolanda M A; Forouhi, Nita G; Onland-Moret, N Charlotte; van der Schouw, Yvonne T; Schnabel, Renate B; Hubacek, Jaroslav A; Kubinova, Ruzena; Baceviciene, Migle; Tamosiunas, Abdonas; Pajak, Andrzej; Topor-Madry, Roman; Malyutina, Sofia; Baldassarre, Damiano; Sennblad, Bengt; Tremoli, Elena; de Faire, Ulf; Ferrucci, Luigi; Bandenelli, Stefania; Tanaka, Toshiko; Meschia, James F; Singleton, Andrew; Navis, Gerjan; Mateo Leach, Irene; Bakker, Stephan J L; Gansevoort, Ron T; Ford, Ian; Epstein, Stephen E; Burnett, Mary Susan; Devaney, Joe M; Jukema, J Wouter; Westendorp, Rudi G J; Jan de Borst, Gert; van der Graaf, Yolanda; de Jong, Pim A; Mailand-van der Zee, Anke-Hilse; Klungel, Olaf H; de Boer, Anthonius; Doevendans, Pieter A; Stephens, Jeffrey W; Eaton, Charles B; Robinson, Jennifer G; Manson, JoAnn E; Fowkes, F Gerry; Frayling, Timonthy M; Price, Jackie F; Whincup, Peter H; Morris, Richard W; Lawlor, Debbie A; Smith, George Davey; Ben-Shlomo, Yoav; Redline, Susan; Lange, Leslie A; Kumari, Meena; Wareham, Nick J; Verschuren, W M Monique; Benjamin, Emelia J; Whittaker, John C; Hamsten, Anders; Dudbridge, Frank; Delaney, J A Chris; Wong, Andrew; Kuh, Diana; Hardy, Rebecca; Castillo, Berta Almoguera; Connolly, John J; van der Harst, Pim; Brunner, Eric J; Marmot, Michael G; Wassel, Christina L; Humphries, Steve E; Talmud, Philippa J; Kivimaki, Mika; Asselbergs, Folkert W; Voevoda, Mikhail; Bobak, Martin; Pikhart, Hynek; Wilson, James G; Hakonarson, Hakon; Reiner, Alex P; Keating, Brendan J; Sattar, Naveed; Hingorani, Aroon D; Casas, Juan Pablo
BACKGROUND:A high circulating concentration of interleukin 6 is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease. Blockade of the interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R) with a monoclonal antibody (tocilizumab) licensed for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis reduces systemic and articular inflammation. However, whether IL6R blockade also reduces risk of coronary heart disease is unknown. METHODS:Applying the mendelian randomisation principle, we used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene IL6R to evaluate the likely efficacy and safety of IL6R inhibition for primary prevention of coronary heart disease. We compared genetic findings with the effects of tocilizumab reported in randomised trials in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. FINDINGS/RESULTS:In 40 studies including up to 133,449 individuals, an IL6R SNP (rs7529229) marking a non-synonymous IL6R variant (rs8192284; p.Asp358Ala) was associated with increased circulating log interleukin-6 concentration (increase per allele 9·45%, 95% CI 8·34-10·57) as well as reduced C-reactive protein (decrease per allele 8·35%, 95% CI 7·31-9·38) and fibrinogen concentrations (decrease per allele 0·85%, 95% CI 0·60-1·10). This pattern of effects was consistent with IL6R blockade from infusions of tocilizumab (4-8 mg/kg every 4 weeks) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis studied in randomised trials. In 25,458 coronary heart disease cases and 100,740 controls, the IL6R rs7529229 SNP was associated with a decreased odds of coronary heart disease events (per allele odds ratio 0·95, 95% CI 0·93-0·97, p=1·53×10(-5)). INTERPRETATION/CONCLUSIONS:On the basis of genetic evidence in human beings, IL6R signalling seems to have a causal role in development of coronary heart disease. IL6R blockade could provide a novel therapeutic approach to prevention of coronary heart disease that warrants testing in suitably powered randomised trials. Genetic studies in populations could be used more widely to help to validate and prioritise novel drug targets or to repurpose existing agents and targets for new therapeutic uses. FUNDING/BACKGROUND:UK Medical Research Council; British Heart Foundation; Rosetrees Trust; US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Du Pont Pharma; Chest, Heart and Stroke Scotland; Wellcome Trust; Coronary Thrombosis Trust; Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research; UCLH/UCL Comprehensive Medical Research Centre; US National Institute on Aging; Academy of Finland; Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development; SANCO; Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports; World Cancer Research Fund; Agentschap NL; European Commission; Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Strategic Cardiovascular Programme of the Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm County Council; US National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; MedStar Health Research Institute; GlaxoSmithKline; Dutch Kidney Foundation; US National Institutes of Health; Netherlands Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands; Diabetes UK; European Union Seventh Framework Programme; National Institute for Healthy Ageing; Cancer Research UK; MacArthur Foundation.
PMID: 22421340
ISSN: 1474-547x
CID: 5477882
Gene-centric meta-analysis of lipid traits in African, East Asian and Hispanic populations
Elbers, Clara C; Guo, Yiran; Tragante, Vinicius; van Iperen, Erik P A; Lanktree, Matthew B; Castillo, Berta Almoguera; Chen, Fang; Yanek, Lisa R; Wojczynski, Mary K; Li, Yun R; Ferwerda, Bart; Ballantyne, Christie M; Buxbaum, Sarah G; Chen, Yii-Der Ida; Chen, Wei-Min; Cupples, L Adrienne; Cushman, Mary; Duan, Yanan; Duggan, David; Evans, Michele K; Fernandes, Jyotika K; Fornage, Myriam; Garcia, Melissa; Garvey, W Timothy; Glazer, Nicole; Gomez, Felicia; Harris, Tamara B; Halder, Indrani; Howard, Virginia J; Keller, Margaux F; Kamboh, M Ilyas; Kooperberg, Charles; Kritchevsky, Stephen B; LaCroix, Andrea; Liu, Kiang; Liu, Yongmei; Musunuru, Kiran; Newman, Anne B; Onland-Moret, N Charlotte; Ordovas, Jose; Peter, Inga; Post, Wendy; Redline, Susan; Reis, Steven E; Saxena, Richa; Schreiner, Pamela J; Volcik, Kelly A; Wang, Xingbin; Yusuf, Salim; Zonderland, Alan B; Anand, Sonia S; Becker, Diane M; Psaty, Bruce; Rader, Daniel J; Reiner, Alex P; Rich, Stephen S; Rotter, Jerome I; Sale, Michèle M; Tsai, Michael Y; Borecki, Ingrid B; Hegele, Robert A; Kathiresan, Sekar; Nalls, Michael A; Taylor, Herman A; Hakonarson, Hakon; Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh; Asselbergs, Folkert W; Drenos, Fotios; Wilson, James G; Keating, Brendan J
Meta-analyses of European populations has successfully identified genetic variants in over 100 loci associated with lipid levels, but our knowledge in other ethnicities remains limited. To address this, we performed dense genotyping of ∼2,000 candidate genes in 7,657 African Americans, 1,315 Hispanics and 841 East Asians, using the IBC array, a custom ∼50,000 SNP genotyping array. Meta-analyses confirmed 16 lipid loci previously established in European populations at genome-wide significance level, and found multiple independent association signals within these lipid loci. Initial discovery and in silico follow-up in 7,000 additional African American samples, confirmed two novel loci: rs5030359 within ICAM1 is associated with total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p = 8.8×10(-7) and p = 1.5×10(-6) respectively) and a nonsense mutation rs3211938 within CD36 is associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (p = 13.5×10(-12)). The rs3211938-G allele, which is nearly absent in European and Asian populations, has been previously found to be associated with CD36 deficiency and shows a signature of selection in Africans and African Americans. Finally, we have evaluated the effect of SNPs established in European populations on lipid levels in multi-ethnic populations and show that most known lipid association signals span across ethnicities. However, differences between populations, especially differences in allele frequency, can be leveraged to identify novel signals, as shown by the discovery of ICAM1 and CD36 in the current report.
PMCID:3517599
PMID: 23236364
ISSN: 1932-6203
CID: 5477962
Large-Scale Gene-Centric Meta-Analysis across 39 Studies Identifies Type 2 Diabetes Loci (vol 90, pg 410, 2012) [Correction]
Saxena, Richa; Elbers, Clara C.; Guo, Yiran; Peter, Inga; Gaunt, Tom R.; Mega, Jessica L.; Lanktree, Matthew B.; Tare, Archana; Castillo, Berta Almoguera; Li, Yun R.; Johnson, Toby; Bruinenberg, Marcel; Gilbert-Diamond, Diane; Rajagopalan, Ramakrishnan; Voight, Benjamin F.; Balasubramanyam, Ashok; Barnard, John; Bauer, Florianne; Baumert, Jens; Bhangale, Tushar; Boehm, Bernhard O.; Braund, Peter S.; Burton, Paul R.; Chandrupatla, Hareesh R.; Clarke, Robert; Cooper-DeHoff, Rhonda M.; Crook, Errol D.; Davey-Smith, George; Day, Ian N.; de Boer, Anthonius; de Groot, Mark C. H.; Drenos, Fotios; Ferguson, Jane; Fox, Caroline S.; Furlong, Clement E.; Gibson, Quince; Gieger, Christian; Gilhuijs-Pederson, Lisa A.; Glessner, Joseph T.; Goel, Anuj; Gong, Yan; Grant, Struan F. A.; Grobbee, Diederick E.; Hastie, Claire; Humphries, Steve E.; Kim, Cecilia E.; Kivimaki, Mika; Kleber, Marcus; Meisinger, Christa; Kumari, Meena; Langaee, Taimour Y.; Lawlor, Debbie A.; Li, Mingyao; Lobmeyer, Maximilian T.; Maitland-van der Zee, Anke-Hilse; Meijs, Matthijs F. L.; Molony, Cliona M.; Morrow, David A.; Murugesan, Gurunathan; Musani, Solomon K.; Nelson, Christopher P.; Newhouse, Stephen J.; O\Connell, Jeffery R.; Padmanabhan, Sandosh; Palmen, Jutta; Patel, Sanjey R.; Pepine, Carl J.; Pettinger, Mary; Price, Thomas S.; Rafelt, Suzanne; Ranchalis, Jane; Rasheed, Asif; Rosenthal, Elisabeth; Ruczinski, Ingo; Shah, Sonia; Shen, Haiqing; Silbernagel, Guenther; Smith, Erin N.; Spijkerman, Annemieke W. M.; Stanton, Alice; Steffes, Michael W.; Thorand, Barbara; Trip, Mieke; van der Harst, Pim; van der A, Daphne L.; van Iperen, Erik P. A.; van Setten, Jessica; van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V.; Verweij, Niek; Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H. R.; Young, Taylor; Zafarmand, M. Hadi; Zmuda, Joseph M.; Boehnke, Michael; Altshuler, David; McCarthy, Mark; Kao, W. H. Linda; Pankow, James S.; Cappola, Thomas P.; Sever, Peter; Poulter, Neil; Caulfield, Mark; Dominiczak, Anna; Shields, Denis C.; Bhatt, Deepak L.; Zhang, Li; Curtis, Sean P.; Danesh, John; Casas, Juan P.; van der Schouw, Yvonne T.; Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte; Doevendans, Pieter A.; Dorn, Gerald W., II; Farrall, Martin; FitzGerald, Garret A.; Hegele, Anders Hamsten Robert; Hingorani, Aroon D.; Hofker, Marten H.; Huggins, Gordon S.; Illig, Thomas; Jarvik, Gail P.; Johnson, Julie A.; Klungel, Olaf H.; Knowler, William C.; Koenig, Wolfgang; Maerz, Winfried; Meigs, James B.; Melander, Olle; Munroe, Patricia B.; Mitchell, Braxton D.; Bielinski, Susan J.; Rader, Daniel J.; Reilly, Muredach R.; Rich, Stephen S.; Rotter, Jerome I.; Saleheen, Danish; Samani, Nilesh J.; Schadt, Eric E.; Shuldiner, Alan R.; Silverstein, Roy; Kottke-Marchant, Kandice; Talmud, Philippa J.; Watkins, Hugh; Asselbergs, Folkert W.; de Bakker, Paul I. W.; McCaffery, Jeanne; Wijmenga, Cisca; Sabatine, Marc S.; Wilson, James G.; Reiner, Alex; Bowden, Donald W.; Hakonarson, Hakon; Siscovick, David S.; Keating, Brendan J.
ISI:000302833400022
ISSN: 0002-9297
CID: 5479082
Meta-analysis of Dense Genecentric Association Studies Reveals Common and Uncommon Variants Associated with Height (vol 88, pg 6, 2010) [Correction]
Lanktree, Matthew B.; Guo, Yiran; Murtaza, Muhammed; Glessner, Joseph T.; Bailey, Swneke D.; Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte; Lettre, Guillaume; Ongen, Halit; Rajagopalan, Ramakrishnan; Johnson, Toby; Shen, Haiqing; Nelson, Christopher P.; Klopp, Norman; Baumert, Jens; Padmanabhan, Sandosh; Pankratz, Nathan; Pankow, James S.; Shah, Sonia; Taylor, Kira; Barnard, John; Peters, Bas J.; Maloney, Cliona M.; Lobmeyer, Maximilian T.; Stanton, Alice; Zafarmand, M. Hadi; Romaine, Simon P. R.; Mehta, Amar; van Iperen, Erik P. A.; Gong, Yan; Price, Tom S.; Smith, Erin N.; Kim, Cecilia E.; Li, Yun R.; Asselbergs, Folkert W.; Atwood, Larry D.; Bailey, Kristian M.; Bhatt, Deepak; Bauer, Florianne; Behr, Elijah R.; Bhangale, Tushar; Boer, Jolanda M. A.; Boehm, Bernhard O.; Bradfield, Jonathan P.; Brown, Morris; Braund, Peter S.; Burton, Paul R.; Carty, Cara; Chandrupatla, Hareesh R.; Chen, Wei; Connell, John; Dalgeorgou, Chrysoula; de Boer, Anthonius; Drenos, Fotios; Elbers, Clara C.; Fang, James C.; Fox, Caroline S.; Frackelton, Edward C.; Fuchs, Barry; Furlong, Clement E.; Gibson, Quince; Gieger, Christian; Goel, Anuj; Grobbee, Diederik E.; Hastie, Claire; Howard, Philip J.; Huang, Guan-Hua; Johnson, W. Craig; Li, Oing; Kleber, Marcus E.; Klein, Barbara E. K.; Klein, Ronald; Kooperberg, Charles; Ky, Bonnie; LaCroix, Andrea; Lanken, Paul; Lathrop, Mark; Li, Mingyao; Marshall, Vanessa; Melander, Olle; Mentch, Frank D.; Meyer, Nuala J.; Monda, Ken I. L.; Montpetit, Alexandre; Murugesan, Gurunathan; Nakayama, Karen; Nondahl, Dave; Onipinla, Abiodun; Rafelt, Suzanne; Newhouse, Stephen J.; Otieno, F. George; Patel, Sanjey R.; Putt, Mary E.; Rodriguez, Santiago; Safa, Radwan N.; Sawyer, Douglas B.; Schreiner, Pamela J.; Simpson, Claire; Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh; Srinivasan, Sathanur R.; Suver, Christine; Swergold, Gary; Sweitzer, Nancy K.; Thomas, Kelly A.; Thorand, Barbara; Timpson, Nicholas J.; Tischfield, Sam; Tobin, Martin; Tomaszewski, Maciej; Verschuren, W. M. Monique; Wallace, Chris; Winkelmann, Bernhard; Zhang, Haitao; Zheng, Dongling; Zhang, Li; Zmuda, Joseph M.; Clarke, Robert; Balmforth, Anthony J.; Danesh, John; Day, Ian N.; Schork, Nicholas J.; de Bakker, Paul I. W.; Delles, Christian; Duggan, David; Hingorani, Aroon D.; Hirschhorn, Joel N.; Hofker, Marten H.; Humphries, Steve E.; Kivimaki, Mika; Lawlor, Debbie A.; Kottke-Marchant, Kandice; Mega, Jessica L.; Mitchell, Braxton D.; Morrow, David A.; Palmen, Jutta; Redline, Susan; Shields, Denis C.; Shuldiner, Alan R.; Sleiman, Patrick M.; Smith, George Davey; Farrall, Martin; Jamshidi, Yalda; Christiani, David C.; Casas, Juan P.; Hall, Alistair S.; Doevendans, Pieter A.; Christie, Jason D.; Berenson, Gerald S.; Murray, Sarah S.; Illig, Thomas; Dorn, Gerald W.; Cappola, Thomas P.; Boerwinkle, Eric; Sever, Peter; Rader, Daniel J.; Reilly, Muredach P.; Caulfield, Mark; Talmud, Philippa J.; Topol, Eric; Engert, James C.; Wang, Kai; Dominiczak, Anna; Hamsten, Anders; Curtis, Sean P.; Silverstein, Roy L.; Lange, Leslie A.; Sabatine, Marc S.; Trip, Mieke; Saleheen, Danish; Peden, John F.; Cruickshanks, Karen J.; Maerz, Winfried; O\Connell, Jeffrey R.; Klungel, Olaf H.; Wijmenga, Cisca; Maitland-van der Zee, Anke Hilse; Schadt, Eric E.; Johnson, Julie A.; Jarvik, Gail P.; Papanicolaou, George J.; Watkins, Hugh; Grant, Struan F. A.; Munroe, Patricia B.; North, Karl E.; Samani, Nilesh J.; Koenig, Wolfgang; Gaunt, Tom R.; Anand, Sonia S.; van der Schouw, Yvonne T.; Kumari, Meena; Soranzo, Nicole; FitzGerald, Garret A.; Reiner, Alex; Hegele, Robert A.; Hakonarson, Hakon; Keating, Brendan J.
ISI:000305262600018
ISSN: 0002-9297
CID: 5479092
Identification, replication, and fine-mapping of Loci associated with adult height in individuals of african ancestry
N'Diaye, Amidou; Chen, Gary K; Palmer, Cameron D; Ge, Bing; Tayo, Bamidele; Mathias, Rasika A; Ding, Jingzhong; Nalls, Michael A; Adeyemo, Adebowale; Adoue, Véronique; Ambrosone, Christine B; Atwood, Larry; Bandera, Elisa V; Becker, Lewis C; Berndt, Sonja I; Bernstein, Leslie; Blot, William J; Boerwinkle, Eric; Britton, Angela; Casey, Graham; Chanock, Stephen J; Demerath, Ellen; Deming, Sandra L; Diver, W Ryan; Fox, Caroline; Harris, Tamara B; Hernandez, Dena G; Hu, Jennifer J; Ingles, Sue A; John, Esther M; Johnson, Craig; Keating, Brendan; Kittles, Rick A; Kolonel, Laurence N; Kritchevsky, Stephen B; Le Marchand, Loic; Lohman, Kurt; Liu, Jiankang; Millikan, Robert C; Murphy, Adam; Musani, Solomon; Neslund-Dudas, Christine; North, Kari E; Nyante, Sarah; Ogunniyi, Adesola; Ostrander, Elaine A; Papanicolaou, George; Patel, Sanjay; Pettaway, Curtis A; Press, Michael F; Redline, Susan; Rodriguez-Gil, Jorge L; Rotimi, Charles; Rybicki, Benjamin A; Salako, Babatunde; Schreiner, Pamela J; Signorello, Lisa B; Singleton, Andrew B; Stanford, Janet L; Stram, Alex H; Stram, Daniel O; Strom, Sara S; Suktitipat, Bhoom; Thun, Michael J; Witte, John S; Yanek, Lisa R; Ziegler, Regina G; Zheng, Wei; Zhu, Xiaofeng; Zmuda, Joseph M; Zonderman, Alan B; Evans, Michele K; Liu, Yongmei; Becker, Diane M; Cooper, Richard S; Pastinen, Tomi; Henderson, Brian E; Hirschhorn, Joel N; Lettre, Guillaume; Haiman, Christopher A
Adult height is a classic polygenic trait of high heritability (h(2) approximately 0.8). More than 180 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identified mostly in populations of European descent, are associated with height. These variants convey modest effects and explain approximately10% of the variance in height. Discovery efforts in other populations, while limited, have revealed loci for height not previously implicated in individuals of European ancestry. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association (GWA) results for adult height in 20,427 individuals of African ancestry with replication in up to 16,436 African Americans. We found two novel height loci (Xp22-rs12393627, P = 3.4×10(-12) and 2p14-rs4315565, P = 1.2×10(-8)). As a group, height associations discovered in European-ancestry samples replicate in individuals of African ancestry (P = 1.7×10(-4) for overall replication). Fine-mapping of the European height loci in African-ancestry individuals showed an enrichment of SNPs that are associated with expression of nearby genes when compared to the index European height SNPs (P<0.01). Our results highlight the utility of genetic studies in non-European populations to understand the etiology of complex human diseases and traits.
PMID: 21998595
ISSN: 1553-7404
CID: 5477872
A gene-centric association scan for Coagulation Factor VII levels in European and African Americans: the Candidate Gene Association Resource (CARe) Consortium
Taylor, Kira C; Lange, Leslie A; Zabaneh, Delilah; Lange, Ethan; Keating, Brendan J; Tang, Weihong; Smith, Nicholas L; Delaney, Joseph A; Kumari, Meena; Hingorani, Aroon; North, Kari E; Kivimaki, Mika; Tracy, Russell P; O'Donnell, Christopher J; Folsom, Aaron R; Green, David; Humphries, Steve E; Reiner, Alexander P
Polymorphisms in several distinct genomic regions, including the F7 gene, were recently associated with factor VII (FVII) levels in European Americans (EAs). The genetic determinants of FVII in African Americans (AAs) are unknown. We used a 50,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) gene-centric array having dense coverage of over 2,000 candidate genes for cardiovascular disease (CVD) pathways in a community-based sample of 16,324 EA and 3898 AA participants from the Candidate Gene Association Resource (CARe) consortium. Our aim was the discovery of new genomic loci and more detailed characterization of existing loci associated with FVII levels. In EAs, we identified three new loci associated with FVII, of which APOA5 on chromosome 11q23 and HNF4A on chromosome 20q12-13 were replicated in a sample of 4289 participants from the Whitehall II study. We confirmed four previously reported FVII-associated loci (GCKR, MS4A6A, F7 and PROCR) in CARe EA samples. In AAs, the F7 and PROCR regions were significantly associated with FVII. Several of the FVII-associated regions are known to be associated with lipids and other cardiovascular-related traits. At the F7 locus, there was evidence of at least five independently associated SNPs in EAs and three independent signals in AAs. Though the variance in FVII explained by the existing loci is substantial (20% in EA and 10% in AA), larger sample sizes and investigation of lower frequency variants may be required to identify additional FVII-associated loci in EAs and AAs and further clarify the relationship between FVII and other CVD risk factors.
PMCID:3153310
PMID: 21676895
ISSN: 1460-2083
CID: 5477842
Large-scale gene-centric analysis identifies novel variants for coronary artery disease
Butterworth, Adam S; Braund, Peter S; Farrall, Martin; Hardwick, Robert J; Saleheen, Danish; Peden, John F; Soranzo, Nicole; Chambers, John C; Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh; Kleber, Marcus E; Keating, Brendan; Qasim, Atif; Klopp, Norman; Erdmann, Jeanette; Assimes, Themistocles L; Ball, Stephen G; Balmforth, Anthony J; Barnes, Timothy A; Basart, Hanneke; Baumert, Jens; Bezzina, Connie R; Boerwinkle, Eric; Boehm, Bernhard O; Brocheton, Jessy; Bugert, Peter; Cambien, Francois; Clarke, Robert; Codd, Veryan; Collins, Rory; Couper, David; Cupples, L Adrienne; de Jong, Jonas S; Diemert, Patrick; Ejebe, Kenechi; Elbers, Clara C; Elliott, Paul; Fornage, Myriam; Franzosi, Maria-Grazia; Frossard, Philippe; Garner, Stephen; Goel, Anuj; Goodall, Alison H; Hengstenberg, Christian; Hunt, Sarah E; Kastelein, John J P; Klungel, Olaf H; Klüter, Harald; Koch, Kerstin; König, Inke R; Kooner, Angad S; Laaksonen, Reijo; Lathrop, Mark; Li, Mingyao; Liu, Kiang; McPherson, Ruth; Musameh, Muntaser D; Musani, Solomon; Nelson, Christopher P; O'Donnell, Christopher J; Ongen, Halit; Papanicolaou, George; Peters, Annette; Peters, Bas J M; Potter, Simon; Psaty, Bruce M; Qu, Liming; Rader, Daniel J; Rasheed, Asif; Rice, Catherine; Scott, James; Seedorf, Udo; Sehmi, Joban S; Sotoodehnia, Nona; Stark, Klaus; Stephens, Jonathan; van der Schoot, C Ellen; van der Schouw, Yvonne T; Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur; Tomaszewski, Maciej; van der Harst, Pim; Vasan, Ramachandran S; Wilde, Arthur A M; Willenborg, Christina; Winkelmann, Bernhard R; Zaidi, Moazzam; Zhang, Weihua; Ziegler, Andreas; de Bakker, Paul I W; Koenig, Wolfgang; Mätz, Winfried; Trip, Mieke D; Reilly, Muredach P; Kathiresan, Sekar; Schunkert, Heribert; Hamsten, Anders; Hall, Alistair S; Kooner, Jaspal S; Thompson, Simon G; Thompson, John R; Deloukas, Panos; Ouwehand, Willem H; Watkins, Hugh; Danesh, John; Samani, Nilesh J; Barnes, Timothy; Rafelt, Suzanne; Codd, Veryan; Tomaszewski, Maciej; Ouwehand, Willem H; Bruinsma, Nienke; Dekker, Lukas R; Henriques, José P; Koch, Karel T; de Winter, Robbert J; Alings, Marco; Allaart, Cor F; Gorgels, Anton P; Verheugt, Freek W; Braund, Peter S; Thompson, John R; Samani, Nilesh J; Mueller, Martina; Meisinger, Christa; DerOhannessian, Stephanie; Mehta, Nehal N; Ferguson, Jane; Hakonarson, Hakon; Matthai, William; Wilensky, Robert; Hopewell, J C; Parish, S; Linksted, P; Notman, J; Gonzalez, H; Young, A; Ostley, T; Munday, A; Goodwin, N; Verdon, V; Shah, S; Cobb, L; Edwards, C; Mathews, C; Gunter, R; Benham, J; Davies, C; Cobb, M; Cobb, L; Crowther, J; Richards, A; Silver, M; Tochlin, S; Mozley, S; Clark, S; Radley, M; Kourellias, K; Silveira, Angela; Söderholm, Birgitta; Olsson, Per; Barlera, Simona; Tognoni, Gianni; Rust, Stephan; Assmann, Gerd; Heath, Simon; Zelenika, Diana; Gut, Ivo; Green, Fiona; Farrall, Martin; Peden, John; Goel, Anuj; Ongen, Halit; Franzosi, Maria-Grazia; Lathrop, Mark; Seedorf, Udo; Clarke, Robert; Collins, Rory; Hamsten, Anders; Watkins, Hugh; Aly, Anette; Anner, Karolina; Björklund, Karin; Blomgren, Gun; Cederschiöld, Barbro; Danell-Toverud, Karin; Eriksson, Per; Grundstedt, Ulla; Hamsten, Anders; Heinonen, Merja; Hellénius, Mai-Lis; van't Hooft, Ferdinand; Husman, Karin; Lagercrantz, Jacob; Larsson, Anita; Larsson, Malin; Mossfeldt, Magnus; Mälarstig, Anders; Olsson, Gunnar; Sabater-Lleal, Maria; Sennblad, Bengt; Silveira, Angela; Strawbridge, Rona; Söderholm, Birgitta; Öhrvik, John; Zaman, Khan Shah; Mallick, Nadeem Hayat; Azhar, Muhammad; Samad, Abdus; Ishaq, Mohammad; Shah, Nabi; Samuel, Maria; Schunkert, Heribert; König, Inke R; Kathiresan, Sekar; Reilly, Muredach; Assimes, Themistocles L; Holm, Hilma; Preuss, Michael; Stewart, Alexandre F R; Barbalic, Maja; Gieger, Christian; Absher, Devin; Aherrahrou, Zouhair; Allayee, Hooman; Altshuler, David; Anand, Sonia; Andersen, Karl; Anderson, Jeffrey L; Ardissino, Diego; Ball, Stephen G; Balmforth, Anthony J; Barnes, Timothy A; Becker, Lewis C; Becker, Diane M; Berger, Klaus; Bis, Joshua C; Boekholdt, S Matthijs; Boerwinkle, Eric; Braund, Peter S; Brown, Morris J; Burnett, Mary Susan; Buysschaert, Ian; Carlquist, John F; Chen, Li; Codd, Veryan; Davies, Robert W; Dedoussis, George; Dehghan, Abbas; Demissie, Serkalem; Devaney, Joseph; Do, Ron; Doering, Angela; El Mokhtari, Nour Eddine; Ellis, Stephen G; Elosua, Roberto; Engert, James C; Epstein, Stephen; de Faire, Ulf; Fischer, Marcus; Folsom, Aaron R; Freyer, Jennifer; Gigante, Bruna; Girelli, Domenico; Gretarsdottir, Solveig; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Gulcher, Jeffrey R; Tennstedt, Stephanie; Halperin, Eran; Hammond, Naomi; Hazen, Stanley L; Hofman, Albert; Horne, Benjamin D; Illig, Thomas; Iribarren, Carlos; Jones, Gregory T; Jukema, J Wouter; Kaiser, Michael A; Kaplan, Lee M; Kastelein, John J P; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Knowles, Joshua W; Kolovou, Genovefa; Kong, Augustine; Laaksonen, Reijo; Lambrechts, Diether; Leander, Karin; Li, Mingyao; Lieb, Wolfgang; Diemert, Patrick; Lettre, Guillaume; Loley, Christina; Lotery, Andrew J; Mannucci, Pier M; Maouche, Seraya; Martinelli, Nicola; McKeown, Pascale P; Meisinger, Christa; Meitinger, Thomas; Melander, Olle; Merlini, Pier Angelica; Mooser, Vincent; Morgan, Thomas; Mühleisen, Thomas W; Muhlestein, Joseph B; Musunuru, Kiran; Nahrstaedt, Janja; Nelson, Christopher P; Nöthen, Markus M; Olivieri, Oliviero; Peyvandi, Flora; Patel, Riyaz S; Patterson, Chris C; Peters, Annette; Qu, Liming; Quyyumi, Arshed A; Rader, Daniel J; Rallidis, Loukianos S; Rice, Catherine; Rosendaal, Frits R; Rubin, Diana; Salomaa, Veikko; Sampietro, M Lourdes; Sandhu, Manj S; Schadt, Eric; Schäfer, Arne; Schillert, Arne; Schreiber, Stefan; Schrezenmeir, Jürgen; Schwartz, Stephen M; Siscovick, David S; Sivananthan, Mohan; Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh; Smith, Albert V; Smith, Tamara B; Snoep, Jaapjan D; Soranzo, Nicole; Spertus, John A; Stark, Klaus; Stefansson, Kari; Stirrups, Kathy; Stoll, Monika; Tang, W H Wilson; Thorgeirsson, Gudmundur; Thorleifsson, Gudmar; Tomaszewski, Maciej; Uitterlinden, Andre G; van Rij, Andre M; Voight, Benjamin F; Wareham, Nick J; AWells, George; Wichmann, H-Erich; Willenborg, Christina; Witteman, Jaqueline C M; Wright, Benjamin J; Ye, Shu; Ziegler, Andreas; Cambien, Francois; Goodall, Alison H; Cupples, L Adrienne; Quertermous, Thomas; März, Winfried; Hengstenberg, Christian; Blankenberg, Stefan; Ouwehand, Willem H; Hall, Alistair S; Deloukas, Panos; Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur; Roberts, Robert; Thompson, John R; O'Donnell, Christopher J; McPherson, Ruth; Erdmann, Jeanette; Samani, Nilesh J; Onland-Moret, N Charlotte; van Setten, Jessica; de Bakker, Paul I W; Verschuren, W M Monique; Boer, Jolanda M A; Wijmenga, Cisca; Hofker, Marten H; Maitland-van der Zee, Anke-Hilse; de Boer, Anthonius; Grobbee, Diederick E; Attwood, Tony; Belz, Stephanie; Braund, Peter; Cambien, François; Cooper, Jason; Crisp-Hihn, Abi; Diemert, Patrick; Deloukas, Panos; Foad, Nicola; Erdmann, Jeanette; Goodall, Alison H; Gracey, Jay; Gray, Emma; Gwilliams, Rhian; Heimerl, Susanne; Hengstenberg, Christian; Jolley, Jennifer; Krishnan, Unni; Lloyd-Jones, Heather; Lugauer, Ingrid; Lundmark, Per; Maouche, Seraya; Moore, Jasbir S; Muir, David; Murray, Elizabeth; Nelson, Chris P; Neudert, Jessica; Niblett, David; O'Leary, Karen; Ouwehand, Willem H; Pollard, Helen; Rankin, Angela; Rice, Catherine M; Sager, Hendrik; Samani, Nilesh J; Sambrook, Jennifer; Schmitz, Gerd; Scholz, Michael; Schroeder, Laura; Schunkert, Heribert; Syvannen, Ann-Christine; Tennstedt, Stephanie; Wallace, Chris
Coronary artery disease (CAD) has a significant genetic contribution that is incompletely characterized. To complement genome-wide association (GWA) studies, we conducted a large and systematic candidate gene study of CAD susceptibility, including analysis of many uncommon and functional variants. We examined 49,094 genetic variants in ∼2,100 genes of cardiovascular relevance, using a customised gene array in 15,596 CAD cases and 34,992 controls (11,202 cases and 30,733 controls of European descent; 4,394 cases and 4,259 controls of South Asian origin). We attempted to replicate putative novel associations in an additional 17,121 CAD cases and 40,473 controls. Potential mechanisms through which the novel variants could affect CAD risk were explored through association tests with vascular risk factors and gene expression. We confirmed associations of several previously known CAD susceptibility loci (eg, 9p21.3:p<10(-33); LPA:p<10(-19); 1p13.3:p<10(-17)) as well as three recently discovered loci (COL4A1/COL4A2, ZC3HC1, CYP17A1:p<5×10(-7)). However, we found essentially null results for most previously suggested CAD candidate genes. In our replication study of 24 promising common variants, we identified novel associations of variants in or near LIPA, IL5, TRIB1, and ABCG5/ABCG8, with per-allele odds ratios for CAD risk with each of the novel variants ranging from 1.06-1.09. Associations with variants at LIPA, TRIB1, and ABCG5/ABCG8 were supported by gene expression data or effects on lipid levels. Apart from the previously reported variants in LPA, none of the other ∼4,500 low frequency and functional variants showed a strong effect. Associations in South Asians did not differ appreciably from those in Europeans, except for 9p21.3 (per-allele odds ratio: 1.14 versus 1.27 respectively; P for heterogeneity = 0.003). This large-scale gene-centric analysis has identified several novel genes for CAD that relate to diverse biochemical and cellular functions and clarified the literature with regard to many previously suggested genes.
PMID: 21966275
ISSN: 1553-7404
CID: 5479352
Fatty-acid binding protein 4 gene polymorphisms and plasma levels in children with obstructive sleep apnea
Bhushan, Bharat; Khalyfa, Abdelnaby; Spruyt, Karen; Kheirandish-Gozal, Leila; Capdevila, Oscar Sans; Bhattacharjee, Rakesh; Kim, Jinkwan; Keating, Brendan; Hakonarson, Hakon; Gozal, David
INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased risk for metabolic syndrome in both adults and children. In adults with OSA, serum levels of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) are elevated and associated with the degree of metabolic insulin resistance, independent of obesity. Therefore, we assessed plasma FABP4 levels and FABP4 allelic variants in obese and non-obese children with and without OSA. METHODS:A total of 309 consecutive children ages 5-8years were recruited. Children were divided into those with OSA and without OSA (NOSA) based on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Subjects were also subdivided into obese (OB) and non-obese (NOB) based on BMI z score. Morning fasting plasma FABP4 levels were assayed using ELISA, and 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the FABP4 region were genotyped. RESULTS:Morning plasma FABP4 levels were increased in all children with OSA, even in NOB children. However, plasma FABP4 levels were strongly associated with BMI z score. Of the 11 SNPs tested, the frequency of rs1054135 (A/G) minor allele (A) was significantly increased in OSA. This SNP was also associated with increased plasma FABP4 levels in both OSA and obese subjects. The minor allele frequency of all other SNPs was similar in OSA and NOSA groups. CONCLUSIONS:Childhood obesity and OSA are associated with higher plasma FABP4 levels and thus promote cardiometabolic risk. The presence of selective SNP (e.g., rs1054135) in the FABP4 gene may account for increased plasma FABP4 levels in the context of obesity and OSA in children.
PMCID:3144996
PMID: 21664182
ISSN: 1878-5506
CID: 5477832
The landscape of recombination in African Americans
Hinch, Anjali G; Tandon, Arti; Patterson, Nick; Song, Yunli; Rohland, Nadin; Palmer, Cameron D; Chen, Gary K; Wang, Kai; Buxbaum, Sarah G; Akylbekova, Ermeg L; Aldrich, Melinda C; Ambrosone, Christine B; Amos, Christopher; Bandera, Elisa V; Berndt, Sonja I; Bernstein, Leslie; Blot, William J; Bock, Cathryn H; Boerwinkle, Eric; Cai, Qiuyin; Caporaso, Neil; Casey, Graham; Cupples, L Adrienne; Deming, Sandra L; Diver, W Ryan; Divers, Jasmin; Fornage, Myriam; Gillanders, Elizabeth M; Glessner, Joseph; Harris, Curtis C; Hu, Jennifer J; Ingles, Sue A; Isaacs, William; John, Esther M; Kao, W H Linda; Keating, Brendan; Kittles, Rick A; Kolonel, Laurence N; Larkin, Emma; Le Marchand, Loic; McNeill, Lorna H; Millikan, Robert C; Murphy, Adam; Musani, Solomon; Neslund-Dudas, Christine; Nyante, Sarah; Papanicolaou, George J; Press, Michael F; Psaty, Bruce M; Reiner, Alex P; Rich, Stephen S; Rodriguez-Gil, Jorge L; Rotter, Jerome I; Rybicki, Benjamin A; Schwartz, Ann G; Signorello, Lisa B; Spitz, Margaret; Strom, Sara S; Thun, Michael J; Tucker, Margaret A; Wang, Zhaoming; Wiencke, John K; Witte, John S; Wrensch, Margaret; Wu, Xifeng; Yamamura, Yuko; Zanetti, Krista A; Zheng, Wei; Ziegler, Regina G; Zhu, Xiaofeng; Redline, Susan; Hirschhorn, Joel N; Henderson, Brian E; Taylor, Herman A; Price, Alkes L; Hakonarson, Hakon; Chanock, Stephen J; Haiman, Christopher A; Wilson, James G; Reich, David; Myers, Simon R
Recombination, together with mutation, gives rise to genetic variation in populations. Here we leverage the recent mixture of people of African and European ancestry in the Americas to build a genetic map measuring the probability of crossing over at each position in the genome, based on about 2.1 million crossovers in 30,000 unrelated African Americans. At intervals of more than three megabases it is nearly identical to a map built in Europeans. At finer scales it differs significantly, and we identify about 2,500 recombination hotspots that are active in people of West African ancestry but nearly inactive in Europeans. The probability of a crossover at these hotspots is almost fully controlled by the alleles an individual carries at PRDM9 (P value < 10(-245)). We identify a 17-base-pair DNA sequence motif that is enriched in these hotspots, and is an excellent match to the predicted binding target of PRDM9 alleles common in West Africans and rare in Europeans. Sites of this motif are predicted to be risk loci for disease-causing genomic rearrangements in individuals carrying these alleles. More generally, this map provides a resource for research in human genetic variation and evolution.
PMID: 21775986
ISSN: 1476-4687
CID: 4317992
Combined admixture mapping and association analysis identifies a novel blood pressure genetic locus on 5p13: contributions from the CARe consortium
Zhu, Xiaofeng; Young, J H; Fox, Ervin; Keating, Brendan J; Franceschini, Nora; Kang, Sunjung; Tayo, Bamidele; Adeyemo, Adebowale; Sun, Yun V; Li, Yali; Morrison, Alanna; Newton-Cheh, Christopher; Liu, Kiang; Ganesh, Santhi K; Kutlar, Abdullah; Vasan, Ramachandran S; Dreisbach, Albert; Wyatt, Sharon; Polak, Joseph; Palmas, Walter; Musani, Solomon; Taylor, Herman; Fabsitz, Richard; Townsend, Raymond R; Dries, Daniel; Glessner, Joseph; Chiang, Charleston W K; Mosley, Thomas; Kardia, Sharon; Curb, David; Hirschhorn, Joel N; Rotimi, Charles; Reiner, Alexander; Eaton, Charles; Rotter, Jerome I; Cooper, Richard S; Redline, Susan; Chakravarti, Aravinda; Levy, Daniel
Admixture mapping based on recently admixed populations is a powerful method to detect disease variants with substantial allele frequency differences in ancestral populations. We performed admixture mapping analysis for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), followed by trait-marker association analysis, in 6303 unrelated African-American participants of the Candidate Gene Association Resource (CARe) consortium. We identified five genomic regions (P< 0.001) harboring genetic variants contributing to inter-individual BP variation. In follow-up association analyses, correcting for all tests performed in this study, three loci were significantly associated with SBP and one significantly associated with DBP (P< 10(-5)). Further analyses suggested that six independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contributed to the phenotypic variation observed in the admixture mapping analysis. These six SNPs were examined for replication in multiple, large, independent studies of African-Americans [Women's Health Initiative (WHI), Maywood, Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA) and Howard University Family Study (HUFS)] as well as one native African sample (Nigerian study), with a total replication sample size of 11 882. Meta-analysis of the replication set identified a novel variant (rs7726475) on chromosome 5 between the SUB1 and NPR3 genes, as being associated with SBP and DBP (P< 0.0015 for both); in meta-analyses combining the CARe samples with the replication data, we observed P-values of 4.45 x 10(-7) for SBP and 7.52 x 10(-7) for DBP for rs7726475 that were significant after accounting for all the tests performed. Our study highlights that admixture mapping analysis can help identify genetic variants missed by genome-wide association studies because of drastically reduced number of tests in the whole genome.
PMCID:3090198
PMID: 21422096
ISSN: 1460-2083
CID: 2747302
