Faculty Bibliography

As a key part of the World Health Organization's influenza surveillance system, the C.D.C. tests throat cultures from patients that are submitted by doctors and health departments. Of 14,000 specimens tested this season, influenza virus was detected in 2 percent, Dr. [Keiji Fukuda] said. At this time in 1999, there was a high level of influenza activity, with 19 states reporting widespread or regional activity, and the influenza virus being detected in 24 percent of the specimens tested. About three-fourths of the viruses detected were type A influenza, and they predominate in the southern United States. The remaining quarter are type B influenza, reported chiefly from Alaska and the Pacific Coast. The vaccine distributed this year protects against both strains of influenza virus, Dr. Fukuda said. The centers influenza surveillance system aims primarily at identifying the influenza virus and not the many other ones that are now causing upper respiratory tract infections

The vaccine is derived from killed influenza viruses. After a flu shot, the immune system takes about two weeks to develop protection against the influenza virus. The CDC influenza surveillance system aims primarily at identifying the influenza virus, not the many other ones that are now causing upper respiratory tract infections. At this time of year, most colds and upper respiratory tract infections are caused by rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and para-influenza viruses, said Dr. Larry J. Anderson, a CDC epidemiologist who helps track respiratory illness in this country

Dr. George Lundberg, [Catherine DeAngelis]' predecessor, who was dismissed as editor of the journal, said 'the use of the word 'must' in this context sounds far more proscriptive than the practice we maintained at JAMA in the 1990s.' Referring to journals that restricted what scientists could say before their papers were published, Dr. Edward Huth, former editor of the Annals of Internal Medicine, said he has long felt that such journals 'were basically looking after economic self-interest.' JAMA's new policy contrasts sharply with two editorials the journal published in 1981 that criticized the [Franz Ingelfinger] rule and the 'buttoned-lip syndrome' that reporters encountered at scientific meetings

Indeed, such restrictions have helped vastly increase profits for journal owners. The restrictions are often referred to as the Ingelfinger rule after Dr. Franz Ingelfinger, who imposed them when he was editor of The New England Journal of Medicine. Ingelfinger said that he imposed restrictions to protect his journal's newsworthiness and economic self-interest. Many journals that have adopted the rule do not disclose their profits or what they do with them

The policy comes at a time when proponents of electronic publishing and the Internet are challenging traditional print scientific journals to allow speedier dissemination of research findings. The restrictions and embargoes that journals have imposed on their contents in recent years have created a contentious issue between journalists, who contend that the measures restrict the gathering of news in a timely way, and journal editors, who say their scrutiny protects the public from misleading information. Dr. George D. Lundberg, Dr. [Catherine D. DeAngelis]'s predecessor, who was dismissed as editor of the journal, said in an interview that ''the use of the word 'must' in this context sounds far more proscriptive than the practice we maintained at JAMA in the 1990's.'' Dr. Lundberg, who wrote the 1991 policy, also said that ''this seems heavy handed and could intimidate authors, especially younger investigators.'' Indeed, such restrictions have helped vastly increase profits for journal owners that include professional organizations like the American Medical Association. The restrictions are often referred to as the Ingelfinger rule after Dr. Franz Ingelfinger, who imposed them when he was editor of The New England Journal of Medicine. Dr. Ingelfinger said that he imposed restrictions to protect his journal's newsworthiness and economic self-interest. Many journals that have adopted the rule do not disclose their profits or what they do with them

Two sexually transmitted diseases, chlamydia and gonorrhea, lead the list of reported infections in the United States. Until now, the two have moved in opposite directions

Dr. [Judy Wasserheit] and other health workers released the new figures at a meeting on sexually transmitted diseases sponsored by the centers and the American Social Health Association in Milwaukee this week. Participants are trying to increase public awareness, testing and surveillance, and to give people with such diseases better access to care. The meeting also is aimed at helping the disease control agency eliminate syphilis from the United States. Syphilis rates reached a record low last year, officials said. The centers also released findings from the first national survey on human papilloma virus, or H.P.V. It is believed to be the most common sexually transmitted infection among young, sexually active people, but the agency did not specify the age range. The 30 types of the virus have been linked to several diseases like genital warts and cancer of the cervix, penis and anus. Papilloma virus accounts for 93 percent of cervical cancer, and one type, H.P.V.-16, accounts for half of all such cases

[Dick Cheney] had a quadruple bypass operation in 1988, which he did not discuss yesterday. During the campaign, Cheney repeatedly rejected requests to discuss his health beyond separate letters issued by his two doctors. His remarks yesterday were the most detailed he has given, but they were chiefly about the mild heart attack he suffered this week. Cheney said he woke up his wife, Lynne, and was driven to the hospital, arriving 'less than an hour from the onset of the first sensation.' Cheney had Secret Service agents to act as chauffeurs. After the test showed that the diagonal artery, a branch of the left anterior descending artery, was nearly blocked, Cheney said he agreed to have the doctors use a balloon-tipped catheter to open the artery and to insert a permanent metal mesh to keep it open

After the test showed that the diagonal artery, a branch of the left anterior descending artery, was nearly blocked, [Dick Cheney] said he agreed to have the doctors use a balloon-tipped catheter to open the artery and to insert a permanent metal mesh to keep it open. He said the doctors had not explained why tests performed in July did not provide hints whether the diagonal artery was blocked. Cheney speculated that only in recent months had the artery become sufficiently blocked to significantly restrict blood flow to the heart muscle. People around him have said that he has gained substantial weight since he left the Pentagon in 1993. Cheney said that during his hospital stay he and his doctors discussed modifying his diet and exercise plan. He said he would continue to regularly take a drug to lower his cholesterol and to make 'minor modifications' in his other regular medications. Cheney's doctors have said he takes a long list of drugs, but he and his doctors have not named them

[Dick Cheney] then followed standard medical advice for anyone experiencing chest pain or discomfort: Seek immediate help from a hospital. After a test showed that the diagonal artery, a branch of the left anterior descending artery, was nearly blocked, Cheney said he agreed to have the doctors use a balloon-tipped catheter to open the artery and to insert a permanent metal mesh to keep it open. Cheney said that for 30 days he would take Plavix, a drug to help prevent blood clots that could cause blockage at the the stent in the artery