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Altered functional network architecture in orbitofronto-striato-thalamic circuit of unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Jung, Wi Hoon; Yücel, Murat; Yun, Je-Yeon; Yoon, Youngwoo B; Cho, Kang Ik K; Parkes, Linden; Kim, Sung Nyun; Kwon, Jun Soo
Dysfunction of corticostriatal loops has been proposed to underlie certain cognitive and behavioral problems associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) characterized by repetitive, unwanted thoughts, and behaviors. Although functional abnormalities in the loops involving the orbitofronto-striato-thalamic (OFST) circuitry in patients with OCD have been reported, our understanding of a link between disruptions in the architecture of the intrinsic functional network of the OFST circuit and their symptoms remain incomplete. Using resting-state functional MRI in conjunction with unsupervised clustering and multilevel functional connectivity (FC) techniques, FC of the OFST network and its topological organization in 61 OCD patients versus 61 matched controls were characterized. Patients exhibited disruptions in small-world properties of the OFST circuit, which indicates an imbalance between functional integration and segregation. Patients also showed decreased FC between the central orbitofrontal cortex and dorsomedial striatum but increased FC between the medial thalamus and striatal areas. Using one of the largest samples of unmedicated OCD patients to date, our findings provide evidence supporting the OFST dysconnection hypothesis in OCD as a basic pathophysiological mechanism underlying the disorder, showing the disruption of FC between specific cortical, striatal, and thalamic clusters and aberrant topological patterns of the OFST circuit. Hum Brain Mapp 38:109-119, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PMCID:6867109
PMID: 27548880
ISSN: 1097-0193
CID: 5345182
Node Identification Using Inter-Regional Correlation Analysis for Mapping Detailed Connections in Resting State Networks
Sohn, William S; Lee, Tae Young; Yoo, Kwangsun; Kim, Minah; Yun, Je-Yeon; Hur, Ji-Won; Yoon, Youngwoo Bryan; Seo, Sang Won; Na, Duk L; Jeong, Yong; Kwon, Jun Soo
Brain function is often characterized by the connections and interactions between highly interconnected brain regions. Pathological disruptions in these networks often result in brain dysfunction, which manifests as brain disease. Typical analysis investigates disruptions in network connectivity based correlations between large brain regions. To obtain a more detailed description of disruptions in network connectivity, we propose a new method where functional nodes are identified in each region based on their maximum connectivity to another brain region in a given network. Since this method provides a unique approach to identifying functionally relevant nodes in a given network, we can provide a more detailed map of brain connectivity and determine new measures of network connectivity. We applied this method to resting state fMRI of Alzheimer's disease patients to validate our method and found decreased connectivity within the default mode network. In addition, new measure of network connectivity revealed a more detailed description of how the network connections deteriorate with disease progression. This suggests that analysis using key relative network hub regions based on regional correlation can be used to detect detailed changes in resting state network connectivity.
PMCID:5410606
PMID: 28507502
ISSN: 1662-4548
CID: 5345212
THALAMO-CORTICAL WHITE MATTER CONNECTIVITY AS AN ENDOPHENOTYPE OF THE SCHIZOPHRENIA: DTI STUDY IN THE UNAFFECTED FAMILY MEMBERS [Meeting Abstract]
Cho, Kang Ik; Kim, Minah; Yoon, Youngwoo Bryan; Lee, Tae Young; Kwon, Jun Soo
ISI:000397126200655
ISSN: 0586-7614
CID: 5345402
FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY OF CEREBELLAR OUTPUT NUCLEI WITH THE STRIATUM AND CEREBRAL CORTEX IN PATIENTS WITH FIRST EPISODE OF PSYCHOSIS: A RESTING-STATE FMRI AND DTI STUDY [Meeting Abstract]
Lee, Kwang-Hyuk; Oh, Hyerim; Suh, Jee-Hyung S.; Cho, Kangik Kevin; Yoon, Youngwoo Bryan; Lee, Tae Young; Kwon, Jun Soo
ISI:000397126200510
ISSN: 0586-7614
CID: 5345392
Decreased neural response for facial emotion processing in subjects with high genetic load for schizophrenia
Park, Hye Yoon; Yun, Je-Yeon; Shin, Na Young; Kim, So-Yeon; Jung, Wi Hoon; Shin, Ye Seul; Cho, Kang Ik K; Yoon, Youngwoo Bryan; Lim, Kyung-Ok; Kim, Sung Nyun; Kwon, Jun Soo
BACKGROUND:Patients with schizophrenia show impairment in facial emotion processing which is essential for successful social cognition. Using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), this study aimed to investigate the implicit facial emotion recognition processing in participants with high genetic load for schizophrenia (GHR) as a possible trait marker of developing schizophrenia. METHODS:Block design fMRI of implicit facial emotion processing was used in 20 participants with GHR aged 16-35, and 17 age, sex, and education year-matched healthy controls (HC). During the facial emotional processing for fearful, happy, and neutral face stimuli, participants were asked to explicitly determine the gender per stimuli. RESULTS:Occipito-temporo-limbic area in fearful face condition and involvement of broader region including prefrontal cortex in neutral face condition revealed significant attenuation of BOLD signal activation in GHR compared to HC. The GHR demonstrated less activity in right amygdala during fearful and neutral face condition. CONCLUSION:The study presented that GHR displayed abnormal brain activity in occipito-temporo-limbic-frontal network implicated in facial emotion processing. It indicates that abnormal facial emotion processing may be influenced by a genetic factor and could be a trait marker in schizophrenia.
PMID: 27375133
ISSN: 1878-4216
CID: 5345172
Aberrant temporal behavior of discrete mismatch negativity generators in patients with schizophrenia and subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis [Meeting Abstract]
Kim, Minah; Cho, Kang Ik Kevin; Yoon, Youngwoo Bryan; Lee, Tae Young; Kim, Sung Nyun; Kwon, Jun Soo
ISI:000385582800482
ISSN: 1751-7885
CID: 5345382
Temporal relationship of mismatch negativity multiple generators in patients with schizophrenia and subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis [Meeting Abstract]
Kim, Minah; Cho, Kang Ik K.; Yoon, Youngwoo Bryan; Seol, Jiyoon; Lee, Tae Young; Kim, Sung Nyun; Kwon, Jun Soo
ISI:000383917600625
ISSN: 1461-1457
CID: 5345372
Brain metabolite differences in subjects with high genetic risk of schizophrenia using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy [Meeting Abstract]
Yoon, Youngwoo Bryan; Lee, Tae Young; Kwon, Jun Soo
ISI:000383917600590
ISSN: 1461-1457
CID: 5345362
Distinguishing Changes in Schizophrenia RSNs Using Regional Correlation for Node Identification [Meeting Abstract]
Sohn, William; Cho, Kang Ik Kevin; Kim, Sung Nyun; Kwon, Jun Soo; Lee, Tae Young; Yoon, Youngwoo Bryan; Yun, Je-Yeon
ISI:000383917600587
ISSN: 1461-1457
CID: 5345352
Altered Fronto-Temporal Functional Connectivity in Individuals at Ultra-High-Risk of Developing Psychosis
Yoon, Youngwoo Bryan; Yun, Je-Yeon; Jung, Wi Hoon; Cho, Kang Ik K; Kim, Sung Nyun; Lee, Tae Young; Park, Hye Yoon; Kwon, Jun Soo
BACKGROUND:The superior temporal gyrus (STG) is one of the key regions implicated in psychosis, given that abnormalities in this region are associated with an increased risk of conversion from an at-risk mental state to psychosis. However, inconsistent results regarding the functional connectivity strength of the STG have been reported, and the regional heterogeneous characteristics of the STG should be considered. METHODS:To investigate the distinctive functional connection of each subregion in the STG, we parcellated the STG of each hemisphere into three regions: the planum temporale, Heschl's gyrus, and planum polare. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was obtained from 22 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, 41 individuals at ultra-high-risk for psychosis (UHR), and 47 demographically matched healthy controls. RESULTS:Significant group differences (in seed-based connectivity) were demonstrated in the left planum temporale and from both the right and left Heschl's gyrus seeds. From the left planum temporale seed, the FEP and UHR groups exhibited increased connectivity to the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In contrast, the FEP and UHR groups demonstrated decreased connectivity from the bilateral Heschl's gyrus seeds to the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. The enhanced connectivity between the left planum temporale and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was positively correlated with positive symptom severity in individuals at UHR (r = .34, p = .03). CONCLUSIONS:These findings corroborate the fronto-temporal connectivity disruption hypothesis in schizophrenia by providing evidence supporting the altered fronto-temporal intrinsic functional connection at earlier stages of psychosis. Our data indicate that subregion-specific aberrant fronto-temporal interactions exist in the STG at the early stage of psychosis, thus suggesting that these aberrancies are the neural underpinning of proneness to psychosis.
PMCID:4534425
PMID: 26267069
ISSN: 1932-6203
CID: 5345162